56 research outputs found
Why infrastructure financing facilities often fall short of their objectives
No full textTo encourage the private funding and provision of infrastructure services, governments have used specialized financing facilities to offer financial support to investors, often in the form of grants, soft loans, or guarantees. The authors present case studies of infrastructure financing facilities in various stages of development in Colombia, India, and Pakistan. They also present case studies of government-sponsored financing facilities (not of infrastructure) in Argentina, and Moldova. They find that these facilities have often fallen short of their objectives for two main reasons. First, the environment was not conducive to private participation in infrastructure because of poor sector policies, an unstable macroeconomic environment, and inadequate financial sector policies, among other reasons. Second, the facility was faulty in design - in terms of sectors targeted, pricing of instruments, and consistency of objectives, and instruments.Decentralization,Banks&Banking Reform,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Municipal Financial Management,Municipal Financial Management,Banks&Banking Reform,Housing Finance,Public Sector Economics&Finance,National Governance
Governance in the gullies : democratic responsiveness and leadership in Delhi's slums
No full textThe authors use detailed ethnographic evidence to design and interpret a broad representative survey of 800 households in Delhi's slums, examining the processes by which residents gain access to formal government and develop their own informal modes of leadership. While ethnically homogeneous slums transplant rural institutions to the city, newer and ethnically diverse slums depend on informal leaders who gain their authority through political connections, education, and network entrepreneurship. Education and political affiliation are more important than seniority in determining a leader's influence. Informal leaders are accessible to all slum dwellers, but formal government figures are most accessed by the wealthy and the well-connected.City Development Strategies,National Governance,Housing&Human Habitats,Urban Environment,Urban Services to the Poor
Scalable Creation of Long-Lived Multipartite Entanglement
No full textWe demonstrate the deterministic generation of multipartite entanglement based on scalable methods. Four qubits are encoded in Ca+40, stored in a microstructured segmented Paul trap. These qubits are sequentially entangled by laser-driven pairwise gate operations. Between these, the qubit register is dynamically reconfigured via ion shuttling operations, where ion crystals are separated and merged, and ions are moved in and out of a fixed laser interaction zone. A sequence consisting of three pairwise entangling gates yields a four-ion Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state |ψ=(1/2)(|0000+|1111), and full quantum state tomography reveals a state fidelity of 94.4(3)%. We analyze the decoherence of this state and employ dynamic decoupling on the spatially distributed constituents to maintain 69(5)% coherence at a storage time of 1.1 sec.Fil: Kaufmann, H.. University Mainz. Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg; AlemaniaFil: Ruster, T.. University Mainz. Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg; AlemaniaFil: Schmiegelow, Christian Tomás. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Luda, Marcelo Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Kaushal, V.. University Mainz. Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg; AlemaniaFil: Schulz, Juan Sebastián. University Mainz. Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg; AlemaniaFil: Von Lindenfels, D.. University Mainz. Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg; AlemaniaFil: Schmidt-Kaler, F.. University Mainz. Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg; AlemaniaFil: Poschinger, U. G.. University Mainz. Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg; Alemani
The welfare effects of private sector participation in Guinea's urban water supply
No full textIn 1989 the government of Guinea enacted far-reaching reform of its water sector, which had been dominated by a poorly run public agency. The government signed a lease contract for operations and maintenance with a private operator, making a separate public enterprise responsible for ownershipof assets and investment. Although based on a successful model that had operated in Cote d'Ivoire for nearly 30 years, the reform had many highly innovative features. It is being transplanted to several other developing countries, so the authors evaluate its successes and failures in the early years of reform. They present standard performance measures and results from a cost-benefit analysis to assess reform's net effect on various stakeholders in the sector. They conclude that, compared with what might have been expected under continued public ownership, reform benefited consumers, the government, and, to a lesser extent, the foreign owners or the private operator. Most sector performance indicators improved, but some problems remain. The three most troublesome areas are water that is unaccounted for (there are many illegal connections and the quality of infrastructure is poor), poor collection rates, and high prices. The weak institutional environment makes it difficult to improve collection rates, but the government could take some steps to correct the problem. To begin with, it could pay its own bills on time. Also, the legislature could authorize the collection of unpaid bills from private individuals.Water Conservation,Environmental Economics&Policies,Water and Industry,Economic Theory&Research,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Environmental Economics&Policies,Water and Industry,Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions,Water Conservation,Town Water Supply and Sanitation
INDUSTRI KREATIF KAOS Studi Deskriptif Kualitatif Proses Pengelolaan Kreatif dan Hubungan Kerja dalam Industri Kreatif Kaos di Kabupaten Sleman Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
No full textR. WING WIDJATMIKO PJ, D0305054. Thesis. T-Shirt Creative Industry.
Qualitative Descriptive Research of Creative Management Process and
Employment Relations in the Creative Industries of T-shirt in the Sleman District,
Yogyakarta. Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Sebelas Maret
Surakarta.
The purpose of this research is to know about the creative process of production
management and marketing in t-shirt’s industries and know about working relationship in
the creative industries of t-shirt and how to maintain and develop the continuity of t-shirt
business.
This research used qualitative methods in exploring data, through in depth
interview and direct observation. The primary data obtained from some interviews. This
research used triangulation of data to test the validity of data by using something other
than data such as picture documentation. Triangulation reflects an attempt to gain a
deeper understanding of the research’s phenomenon. The research’s sampling is through
purposive sampling which is the sample choose deliberately to finding what is in
accordance with the purpose of the research.
From this research can be concluded that the creative process of production and
marketing management by the creative industries of t-shirt is a creative process and art in
creating the aesthetic value products.The process include how the existing design concept
will be used on t-shirt, but this process do not stop at the concept or just an idea. The
concept or idea must be realized and used by society. The meaning is the creative
industries should pay attention to the values in society while creating the design’s
concept. Then, there are forms of subcontract relationship in the creative industries of t-shirt. There are commercial subcontracting relationship between FIBERS company as the
principal with RUSTER company as the subcontractor company. Fibers subcontracting
its production to Ruster because Fibers has not factor of production such as production
equipment and manpower in t-shirt production. Then, there are industrial subcontracting
relationship between MCK company as a sub contractor with DEMON.INC as a
principal. DEMON.INC subcontract their production because they do non’t have the
factor of production such as production equipment and manpower in t-shirt production. In
addition, the creative industries of t-shirt have patron and client relationships. Patron and
client relationship happens because employees who work in FIBERS company is co-entrepreneur who lives around the same business environment. In this case, the
entrepreneur is the patron who has the business assets and employees is a client who
works on entrepreneur
The mobile Sousy-Doppler radar: Technical design and first results
No full textA mobile VHF Doppler system was developed. The electronic part is installed in a 20 ft container and tested using a special log periodic aerial to illuminate the 300 m dish. The system was extended by designing a mobile phased antenna array with finally 576 Yagi elements. The grouping of the single Yagis, the system of transmission lines, the phase shifters, the power splitters and the T/R switch are described. Results from the first two campaigns and a survey of future programs demonstrating the flexibility of this mobile system are summarized
Beobachtungen \ufcber das Cupido-Huhn Tetrao Cupido L. (Prairie- Henn, Ruster.)
No full textVolume: 2Start Page: 159End Page: 16
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Electrical gating effects on the magnetic properties of (Ga,Mn)As diluted magnetic semiconductors
No full textThe aim of the research project presented in this thesis is to investigate the effects
of electrostatic gating on the magnetic properties of carrier-mediated ferromagnetic
Ga1−xMnxAs diluted magnetic semiconductors. (Ga,Mn)As can be regarded as a prototype material because of its strong spin-orbit coupling and its crystalline properties
which can be described within a simple band structure model. Compressively strained (Ga,Mn)As epilayer with more complex in-plane competing cubic and uniaxial
magnetic anisotropies is of particular interest since a small variation of these
competing anisotropy fields provide a means for the manipulation of its magnetization
via external electric field.
An all-semiconductor epitaxial p-n junction field-effect transistor (FET) based on low-doped Ga0.975Mn0.025As was fabricated. It has an in-built n-GaAs back-gate, which, in addition to being a normal gate, enhances the gating effects, especially in the depletion of the epilayer, by decreasing the effective channel thickness by means of a depletion region. A shift in the Curie temperature of ∼2 K and enhanced anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) (which at saturation reaches ∼30%) is achieved with a depletion of a few volts. Persistent magnetization switchings with short electric field pulses are also observed. The magnitude of the switching field is found to decrease with increasing depletion of the (Ga,Mn)As layer. By employing the k · p semiconductor theory approach (performed by our collaborators in Institute of Physics, ASCR, Prague), including strong spin-orbit coupling effects in the host semiconductor valence band, a change in sign of Kc at hole density of approximately 1.5×1020 cm−3 is observed. Below this density, the [110]/[1¯10] magnetization directions are favoured, consistent with experimental data.
A double-gated FET, with an ionic-gel top-gate coupled with a p-n junction
back-gate based on the same material, was also employed in an attempt to achieve
larger effects through gating. It reaffirms the results obtained and demonstrates
enhanced gating effects on the magnetic properties of (Ga,Mn)As
A transitory regime : water supply in Conakry, Guinea
No full textBoth consumers and the government benefited from reform of the water system in Conakry, Guinea, whose deterioration since independence had become critical by the mid-1980s. Less than 40 percent of Conakry's population had access to piped water - low even by regional standards - and service was intermittent, at best, for the few who had connections. The public agency in charge of the sector was inefficient, overstaffed, and virtually insolvent. In several ways, the reform introduced to the sector in 1989 under a World Bank-led project was remarkable. It showed that even in a weak institutional environment, where contracts are hard to enforce and political interference is common, private sector participation can improve sector performance. The authors discuss the mechanismsthat made progress possible and identify factors that inhibit the positive effects of reform. Water has become very expensive, the number of connections has increased very slowly, and conflicts have developed between SEEG (the private operator) and SONEG (the state agency). Among the underlying problems: a) The lack of strong, stable institutions. b) The lack of an independent agency capable of restraining arbitrary government action, regulating the private operator, and enforcing contractual arrangements. c) The lack of adequate conflict resolution mechanisms for contract disputes. d) Weak administrative capacity.Environmental Economics&Policies,Water and Industry,Water Conservation,Decentralization,Water Supply and Systems,Town Water Supply and Sanitation,Water and Industry,Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions,Environmental Economics&Policies,Water Conservation
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