62 research outputs found
Genetic characterization and diversity of Rathayibacter toxicus
No full textRathayibacter toxicus is a nematode-vectored gram-positive bacterium responsible for a gumming disease of grasses and production of a highly potent animal and human toxin that is often fatal to livestock and has a history of occurring in unexpected circumstances. DNA of 22 strains of R. toxicus from Australia were characterized using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). AFLP analysis grouped the 22 strains into three genetic clusters that correspond to their geographic origin. The mean similarity between the three clusters was 85 to 86%. PFGE analysis generated three different banding patterns that enabled typing the strains into three genotypic groups corresponding to the same AFLP clusters. The similarity coefficient was 63 to 81% for XbaI and 79 to 84% for SpeI. AFLP and PFGE analyses exhibited an analogous level of discriminatory power and produced congruent results. PFGE analysis indicated that the R. toxicus genome was represented by a single linear chromosome, estimated to be 2.214 to 2.301 Mb. No plasmids were detected.I. V. Agarkova, A. K. Vidaver, E. N. Postnikova, I. T. Riley, and N. W. Schaa
Global glaciological models: a new stage in the development of methods for predicting glacier evolution. Part 2. Formulation of experiments and practical applications
Get PDFGlobal glacier models provide a new way for studying glaciers on the regional and global scales. They make it possible to perform predictive experiments - for example, to forecast changes in glaciation and river runoff, and diagnostic ones – to identify regularities in the behavior of glaciers (a response time to climate change) taking account of their characteristics. The characteristics and design of global glacier models were described in the first part of the review (see Postnikova T.N., Rybak O.O. Global glaciological models: a new stage in the development of methods for predicting glacier evolution. Part 1. General approach and model architecture. Led i Sneg. Ice and Snow. 2021, 61 (4): 620–636. [In Russian]. doi: 10.31857/S2076673421040111.). In the second part, we present the methods for setting up of numerical experiments with these models, including model initialization, climate forcing, calibration, and validation procedures. The only way to provide the climate forcing of a glaciological model on a regional or global scale is to use low-resolution reanalysis or output of climate modeling on GCMs or RCMs that needs to use a process of scaling to reproduce the local climate in a complex topography where glaciers are usually located. Calibration of mass balance complements the downscaling of climate forcing for each glacier, and usually it includes parameters responsible for the glacier's response to climate change. Sampling from the Latin hypercube and Bayesian inversion are some of the methods discussed in this connection. In this review we present a comparative description of the selected global glaciological models, the results obtained by both diagnostic and prognostic ones, as well as scale and significance of them. We discuss also ways for further development of global glacier models, in particular the inclusion of 3D-modeling and the moraine (debris cover) block. The difficulties arising in a process of modeling glaciation of a particular mountain region or several regions are noted
Last Act of Napoleon’s Russian Campaign: On the Monograph of V. N. Zemtsov
Get PDFПоступила в редакцию: 18.03.2024. Принята к печати: 28.10.2024.Submitted: 18.03.2024. Accepted: 28.10.2024.Рецензия на книгу: Земцов В. Н. Русская кампания Наполеона: последний акт (декабрь 1812 г. — январь 1813 г.). М. : Политическая энциклопедия, 2024. 318 с.; ил. В очерке сделана попытка оценить место новейшего исследования российского историка В. Н. Земцова в современной историографии проблем наполеоновской эпохи. Автор рецензии приходит к выводу, что сочетание методов военно-исторической антропологии с обширной базой источников, включающей в себя рукописные документы из архивов Франции и Австрии, не считая опубликованных материалов, безусловно, делает это исследование весьма актуальным, заметным и ярким явлением мировой историографии данной темы.Review of: Zemtsov, V. N. (2024). Russkaia kampaniia Napoleona: poslednii akt (dekabr’ 1812 g. — ianvar’ 1813 g.) [Napol eon’s Russian Campaign: The Last Act (December 1812 — January 1813)]. Moscow: Politicheskaia entsiklopediia. This essay makes an attempt to assess the place of the latest research by the Russian historian V. N. Zemtsov in the modern historiography of the problems of the Napoleonic era. The author comes to the conclusion that the combination of methods of militaryhistorical anthropology with an extensive database of sources, including manuscript documents from the archives of France and Austria, not counting the published materials, certainly makes this study a very relevant, noticeable and vivid phenomenon of the world historiography of this topic.Материал подготовлен в рамках реализации государственного задания Министерства просвещения «Россия и мир: формирование гражданско-патриотических ценностей у школьников на уроках истории и во внеучебной деятельности».The material was prepared as part of the implementation of the state task of the Ministry of Education “Russia and the World: The Formation of Civil-Patriotic Values among Schoolchildren in History Lessons and Extracurricular Activities”
The Russian Campaign of 1812: in the Footsteps of Stendhal
No full textАвтор освещает участие Стендаля в русской кампании 1812 г. и затрагивает проблему воздействия событий войны на мировосприятие будущего писателя. Статья основана на анализе личной переписки Стендаля, его художественных произведений и воспоминаний участников похода. Большая часть анализируемых материалов на французском языке.The author reviews Stendhal's participation in the Russian Campaign of 1812, considering the way war influenced the future writer's worldview. The article is based on the analysis of Stendhal's letters, his novels and recollections of the participants of the campaign. The majority of the materials analyzed are in French
Global glaciological models: a new stage in the development of methods for predicting glacier evolution. Part 1. General approach and model architecture
Get PDFFor several decades, mathematical models of mountain glaciers and ice sheets have been used to study the dynamics of the cryosphere. In recent years, a new step in glaciological modeling has made possible to recon- struct processes in mountain-glacial systems both regionally and globally. The proposed review analyses rea- sons to use this possibility for global glaciological models, key assumptions and methods, general approaches and differences between individual models. Global glacier modeling is a rapidly developing field. This became possible only after the data on all glaciers of the world appeared in the Randolph Glacier Inventory in 2012. The ice thickness inversion procedures discussed in this review made it possible to calculate the initial volume and geometry of glaciers. Methods of varying complexity were used to regionalize global climate data and cal- culate glacier mass balance. Modeling the dynamics of glaciers required the adaptation of simplified schemes to represent the fluidity of ice (or the flow of ice). To date, only two global glacier models contain ice dynamics calculations based on Glenn's law and the diffusion equation: OGGM and GloGEMflow. Simulation results are subject to uncertainties due to input errors, climate predictions, model approximations, and calibration proce- dures. A new stage in the development of methods opens up opportunities to use a number of new directions in the study of the mechanisms that control the evolution of glaciation, depending on the implementation of a particular climatic scenario. Global glacier models make possible to build glaciological projections, calculate potential changes in the regime of glacial runoff, as well as assess risks and predict the occurrence of dangerous processes caused by changes in glaciation parameters, such as mudflows, landslides, and glacial lake outbursts
Global glaciological models: a new stage in the development of methods for predicting glacier evolution. Part 1. General approach and model architecture
Get PDFFor several decades, mathematical models of mountain glaciers and ice sheets have been used to study the dynamics of the cryosphere. In recent years, a new step in glaciological modeling has made possible to recon- struct processes in mountain-glacial systems both regionally and globally. The proposed review analyses rea- sons to use this possibility for global glaciological models, key assumptions and methods, general approaches and differences between individual models. Global glacier modeling is a rapidly developing field. This became possible only after the data on all glaciers of the world appeared in the Randolph Glacier Inventory in 2012. The ice thickness inversion procedures discussed in this review made it possible to calculate the initial volume and geometry of glaciers. Methods of varying complexity were used to regionalize global climate data and cal- culate glacier mass balance. Modeling the dynamics of glaciers required the adaptation of simplified schemes to represent the fluidity of ice (or the flow of ice). To date, only two global glacier models contain ice dynamics calculations based on Glenn's law and the diffusion equation: OGGM and GloGEMflow. Simulation results are subject to uncertainties due to input errors, climate predictions, model approximations, and calibration proce- dures. A new stage in the development of methods opens up opportunities to use a number of new directions in the study of the mechanisms that control the evolution of glaciation, depending on the implementation of a particular climatic scenario. Global glacier models make possible to build glaciological projections, calculate potential changes in the regime of glacial runoff, as well as assess risks and predict the occurrence of dangerous processes caused by changes in glaciation parameters, such as mudflows, landslides, and glacial lake outbursts
Characteristic of structually-functionai condition of a vascular wall and an endothelien function for the patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis with HBV, HCV infections
Get PDF65 patients with chronic viral hepatitis and 58 patients with liver cirrhosis of viral etiology were examined with the purpose of studying the remodeling of the vascular wall of the common carotid artery (CCA) of the brachial artery and endothelium function. All the patients underwent a full-duplex scan-out CCA, Doppler research of arteries of overhead extremities with the lead through test of post occlusal reactive hypermedia. As a result of the conducted research it is set that during the viral chronic diseases of liver there is remodeling of CCA flowing with the decline of elasticity and increase of flexibility of vascular wall. The development of endothelial dysfunction takes place among the patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis of viral etiology and at the same time it was exposed that remodeling of vascular river-bed of peripheral arteries was more clearer than among the patients with chronic viral hepatitis.С целью изучения особенностей ремоделирования сосудистой стенки общих сонных артерий (ОСА), плечевой артерии и функции эндотелия было обследовано 65 пациентов с хроническими вирусными гепатитами и 58 пациентов с циррозами печени вирусной этиологии. Всем больным проведено дуплексное сканирование ОСА, допплеровское исследование артерий верхних конечностей с проведением теста постокклюзионной реактивной гиперемии. В результате проведенного исследования установлено, что при хронических вирусных заболеваниях печени наблюдается ремоделирование ОСА, протекающее со снижением эластичности и повышением жесткости сосудистой стенки. У больных хроническими гепатитами и циррозами печени вирусной этиологии имеет место развитие эндотелиальной дисфункции, при этом у пациентов с вирусными циррозами печени выявлено более выраженное ремоделирование сосудистого русла периферических артерий, чем при хронических вирусных гепатитах
Ultrasound diagnosis of portal hypertension in patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases (literature review)
Get PDFPortal hypertension is an important syndrome of the liver cirrhosis, identified in more than 80% of patients in this category. In the review the data on pathogenic mechanisms of development of portal hypertension syndrome in patients with chronic diffuse liver disease of virus etiology, ultrasound diagnostics of portal hypertension is presented. Integrated ultrasound investigation of the liver and hepatic-portal blood flow in chronic diffuse liver disease is quite informative and identifies various violations, including those in the early stages of the disease. However, the question of the diagnostic value of Doppler techniques in chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, associated with HBV, HCV - infection, remains open and requires further study.Портальная гипертензия является важным синдромом цирроза печени, выявляемым более чем у 80% пациентов этой категории. В обзоре представлены данные о патогенетических механизмах развития синдрома портальной гипертензии у больных хроническими диффузными заболеваниями печени вирусной этиологии, ультразвуковой диагностике портальной гипертензии. Комплексное ультразвуковое исследование печени и гепато-портального кровотока при ХДЗП достаточно информативно и позволяет выявить различные нарушения, в том числе и на ранних стадиях заболевания. Однако вопрос о диагностической значимости применения допплеровских методик при хронических гепатитах и циррозах печени, ассоциированных с HBV, HCV-инфекцией, остается открытым и требует дальнейшего изучения
Genetic Characterization and Diversity of \u3ci\u3eRathayibacter toxicus\u3c/i\u3e
Get PDFRathayibacter toxicus is a nematode-vectored gram-positive bacterium responsible for a gumming disease of grasses and production of a highly potent animal and human toxin that is often fatal to livestock and has a history of occurring in unexpected circumstances. DNA of 22 strains of R. toxicus from Australia were characterized using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). AFLP analysis grouped the 22 strains into three genetic clusters that correspond to their geographic origin. The mean similarity between the three clusters was 85 to 86%. PFGE analysis generated three different banding patterns that enabled typing the strains into three genotypic groups corresponding to the same AFLP clusters. The similarity coefficient was 63 to 81% for XbaI and 79 to 84% for SpeI. AFLP and PFGE analyses exhibited an analogous level of discriminatory power and produced congruent results. PFGE analysis indicated that the R. toxicus genome was represented by a single linear chromosome, estimated to be 2.214 to 2.301 Mb. No plasmids were detected
The rate of liver impairment, character of bacteremia and serum bactericidal activity in patients with cirrhosis.
Get PDFDependence of prevalence and severity of bacteremia on the rate of liver impairment, serum bactericidal activity (SBA), and serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in 80 hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) have been studied. It was shown that risk factors associated with the development of bacteremia are high by Child-Pugh score and low SBA, CRP and G-CSF levels. Patients with LC, class A had the highest SBA, CRP and G-CSF levels. Still 14,3% of them developed less severe bacteremia associated with one type of microorganisms isolated from blood. Patients with LC, class B had intermediate SBA, CRP and G-CSF levels. They developed severe bacteremia in 52,6% of cases and less severe bacteremia – in 21,1% of cases. Patients with LC, class C had low SBA, CRP and G-CSF levels. They developed severe bacteremia in 62,5% of cases and less severe bacteremia – in 25% of cases
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