1,720,995 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
IGF-I and NEFA concentrations in fetal fluids of term pregnancy dogs
No full textAIM OF THE STUDY.
IGF-I and NEFA are listed among the factors playing a role in fetal growth and development in mammals. In humans IGF-I and NEFA amniotic concentrations differ between normally developed fetuses and those affected by intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) [1,2], but they were not investigated in dogs. The present study was aimed to evaluate IGF-I and NEFA levels in fetal fluids of healthy bitch at term pregnancy and to assess possible differences according to body size.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study enrolled 25 bitches, belonging to several breeds, submitted to elective cesarean section at term. The amniotic and allantoic fluids were collected aseptically from each puppy and stored, after centrifugation, at -20°C until analysis by RIA for IGF-I [3] and by enzymatic-colorimetric methods for NEFA [4]. At birth, the newborn puppies were evaluated for viability by Apgar score [5], maturity, sex, absence of gross malformations, and weight. IGF-I and NEFA concentrations in both fluids were evaluated by one way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD test.
RESULTS
Only viable, mature, healthy, and with normal birth weight puppies were enrolled. On the basis of bodyweight, the 25 bitches were divided into 3 groups: small, medium, and large size. Mean (±SD) amniotic and allantoic IGF-I and NEFA levels, measured on a total of 73 amniotic and 76 allantoic samples belonging to the 25 litters, are reported in Table 1.
Table 1- Amniotic and allantoic IGF-I and NEFA levels (mean±SD) in the 25 litters, divided in small, medium, and large size.
IGF-I (ng/ml) NEFA (ng/ml)
Bitches (25) Amniotic fluid (73) Allantoic fluid (76) Amniotic fluid (73) Allantoic fluid (76)
Small: ≤10 kg (16) 32 ± 13.21a (38) 23 ± 15.01 (41) 44 ± 34.80a (38) 38 ± 27.04a (41)
Medium: 11-25 kg (4) 29.8 ± 13.19a (18) 26.5 ± 18.54 (16) 22.7 ± 10.99b (18) 36 ±18b (16)
Large: 26-40 kg (5) 43.6 ± 11.46b (17) 19.6 ± 9.49 (19) 14.8 ± 10.74b (17) 11.9 ± 11.22b (19)
a,bDifferent superscript within column refers significant differences (p<0.05)
CONCLUSIONS
In dogs at term, IGF-I concentrations are significantly higher in amnion collected from puppies belonging to large breeds compared to small and medium, suggesting that IGF-I could be an indicator of growth potential in dogs as previously suggested [6]. In both fluids NEFA levels are significantly higher in small breeds than medium and large, as reported in case of IUGR in humans [2]
Hair cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations in healthy beef calves from birth to 6 months of age
Full text linkCortisol (C) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are recognized as the main fetal steroids, and they are likely to influence fetal development and have long-term effects on newborn hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) function. DHEA is often measured as its sulfates and expressed as DHEA-S. Hair analysis represents a promising methodological approach for the non-invasive measurement of steroids, allowing for a retrospective analysis of the total exposure to steroids over time, and avoiding the influence of acute events or circadian fluctuations. Hair cortisol and DHEA concentrations have been investigated in cows, but no studies have been performed on calves. The object of this study was to evaluate hair cortisol (HC) and hair DHEA-S (HDHEA-S) concentrations in beef calves from birth to six months of age. Hair samples of 12 beef calves (seven males, five females) were firstly collected at birth (T1) and then every three weeks up to six months of age (T2-T10), collecting only the re-grown hair. HC and HDHEA-S were analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Calves sex, weight and APGAR score were registered immediately after birth. Statistical analysis revealed that both HC and HDHEA-S were influenced by sampling time (P < 0.001). HC concentrations were higher at T1 compared to all subsequent samplings (T2-T10, P < 0.01); HC concentrations were higher at T2 compared to T4-T10 (P < 0.01), while no further changes were detected from T3 onward. Higher HDHEA-S concentrations were registered at T1, T2 and T3 compared to all the other samplings (P < 0.01). No correlation was found between hair concentrations of both steroids and calf sex or birthweight. APGAR score was negatively correlated only with HC at birth (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that C and DHEA-S are quantifiable in the hair of calves and are influenced by their age. The higher HC detected at birth (T1) probably reflects the high serum C concentrations present late in pregnancy and increased by the fetal HPA axis, by which parturition is initiated in cows. The highest HDHEA-S at birth (T1) in calves indicates that the largest amounts of DHEA and its sulfates are produced during fetal development. Moreover, the findings of higher HC at three weeks after birth and of higher HDHEA-S until six weeks after birth, suggest that C and DHEA secretion continues also beyond birth, and that these steroids could be involved in the events occurring during the challenging first weeks of age in the calf
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