48 research outputs found
Identification of QTLs for yield and its component traits, and downy mildrew (Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) J. Schrot.) resistance in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.)R. Br)
No full textPhotocatalytic Properties of Micro-Crystalline Polyoxometalate Synthesized Using Microemulsion Method
No full textImproving straw quality traits through QTL mapping and marker-assisted selection in pearl millet
No full textBioefficacy of certain chemical and biofungicides against Hypoxylon spp. causing wood rot disease in tea
No full textWood rot disease caused by Hypoxylon serpens is the most widespread and serious stem disease in tea. Among the 350 bacterial and 35 fungal biocontrol isolates collected from several tea growing regions of southern India, three bacterial isolates produced higher antagonistic potential against this fungal pathogen. Two of the efficient strains were identified as Bacillus sp. (HBCWR-3 and WR46-2) and third one was Pseudomonas sp. (WR5-4). In case of fungal biocontrol agents, the type culture Trichoderma viride procured from Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC) performed better in controlling the pathogen over T. harzianum. Five systemic fungicides, hexaconazole, carbendazim, tebuconazole, tridemorph, benomyl and a contact fungicide, copper oxychloride were evaluated for studying their bioefficacy against wood rot pathogen. In this study, benomyl 50% WP or copper oxychloride at the lowest concentration (0.01%) completely inhibited the growth of the fungus in vitro. Moreover, bioefficacy of certain plant aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica, acetone extracts of Pongamia pinnata, Cinnamom, Artemisia nilagirica, Lantana camera, Ageratum conyzoides and a bryophyte, Heteroscyphus argutus were also studied against H. serpens. Among them, A. nilagirica followed by H. argutus and A. indica were effective in controlling the wood rot pathogen. In the case of liquid biofungicides tested, ‘Expel’ controlled the tea pathogen efficiently. The present study revealed that, chemical fungicide (Benomyl or copper oxychloride at 0.01%), botanical extracts at 10% (A. nilagirica, H. argutus, Azadirachta and ‘Expel’) and biocontrol agents (Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp. and T. viride) were effective in controlling wood rot pathogen under in vitro condition
Identification and validation of morphological, chemical and in vitro fodder quality traits for use in multidimensional crop improvement of pearl millet
No full textIdentification of Fe and Zn Responsive Genes in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) through Whole Genome Transcriptome Approach
No full textMicronutrient malnutrition due to iron and zinc deficiencies is a serious public health problem in developing countries. In India alone, about 80% of the pregnant women and 74% of children suffer from iron and zinc deficiency. At present, knowledge of the genes controlling specific steps in the Fe and Zn pathways is still rudimentary hence studying genes of Fe and Zn density has become important. A whole genome RNA-Seq approach was carried out to understand the genes and pathways related to Fe and Zn accumulation in pearl millet. Seedlings of a high Fe and Zn grain density pearl millet inbred ICMB 1505 were exposed to four Fe and Zn stress treatments namely, –Fe –Zn, –Fe +Zn, +Fe –Zn and +Fe +Zn in hydroponics for 12 days (Figure 1). Seedlings were expressed interveinal chlorosis in the leaves due to the non-availability of Fe and Zn compared to control during the stress treatments. At that time, the leaf and root tissues in four treatments were
harvested separately. Total RNA was extracted from the treated samples followed by cDNA synthesis. Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform was used to sequence the constructed cDNA libraries. Analysis of differentially expressed genes and
pathways associated Fe and Zn is underway. Simultaneously, a set of 40 genotypes with variable Fe and Zn grain density were selected and tissue samples from different plant parts such as seed, flag leaf, root, stem sheath, panicles at anthesis and panicle at milky-stage were collected. RNA was extracted from the samples to validate the genes associated with Fe and Zn homeostasis. The information will be used for accelerated breeding programmes to improve the Fe and Zn density in pearl millet
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No full textNot AvailableThe concept of high density planting in maize
envisages higher productivity by increased plant population
per unit area. It is expected that the high density responsive
inbred lines, when crossed would give high density
responsive hybrids. In this context, 25 elite inbred lines
were evaluated under normal to high density ranging from
66,666 plants/ha to 1,11,1111 plants/ha, during kharif
season-2016 at ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research
Institute, following split plot method. Genotypes under
study interacted with plant density and majority of the
genotypes showed yield penalty when we increased plant
density from 66,666 plants/ha. Association studies indicated
that the ear placement and cob length are the two major
factors which decide the yield under different plant density.
Inbred lines, viz, PML 93, PML 35, PML 50, PML 46,
KRN 2-5-2 and UMI 1200 were responded well to high
density stress with better yield under high plant density.
Use of these inbreds in development of base population as
well as developing hybrids suited for high density planting
has been suggested.Not Availabl
Quantitative trait loci for grain yield in pearl millet under variable postflowering moisture conditions
No full textPearl millet marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs targeting adaptation to variable postflowering moisture environments would benefit from quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that improve grain yield across the full range of postflowering moisture conditions, rather than just in drought-stressed environments. This research was undertaken to identify such QTLs from an extensive (12-environment) phenotyping data set that included both stressed and unstressed postflowering environments. Genetic materials were test crosses of 79 F2-derived F4 progenies from a mapping population based on a widely adapted maintainer line (ICMB 841) × a postfl owering drought-tolerant maintainer (863B). Three QTLs (on linkage group [LG] 2, LG 3, and LG 4) were identifi ed as primary candidates for MAS for improved grain yield across variable postflowering moisture environments. The QTLs on LG 2 and LG 3 (the most promising) explained a useful proportion (13-25%) of phenotypic variance for grain yield across environments. They also co-mapped with QTLs for harvest index across environments, and with QTLs for both grain number and individual grain mass under severe terminal stress. Neither had a significant QTL × environment interaction, indicating that their predicted effects should occur across a broad range of available moisture environments. We have estimated the benefi ts in grain yield and accompanying changes in yield components and partitioning indices that would be expected as a result of incorporating these QTLs into other genetic backgrounds by MAS
Within-line Genetic Variation for Quantitative Characters and SSRs in Long-time Maintained Inbreds in Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]
No full textSix maintainer (B-) and restorer (R-) lines each from ICRISAT’s pearl millet hybrid parental line breeding program were investigated for within-line genetic variation for quantitative characters and simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Thirty two progenies of each inbred line were evaluated under two contrasting seasons and observed for 5 quantitative characters, and for 20 SSRs. Some B- and R- lines had small but significant within-line genetic variation for certain traits. Higher number of significant differences for within-line variation observed among progenies for B-lines (48%) than for R-lines (33%) indicated that ear-to-row procedure of line maintenance was more effective than bulking the phenotypically similar plants, for maintaining the genetic uniformity in inbreds. Amongst B-lines, ‘ICMB 89111’ had the maximum within-line variation for both quantitative characters and SSR markers. Amongst R-lines, ‘IPC 802’ and ‘IPC 909’ had within-line variation for maximum of 4 quantitative characters. Wide range of variability was observed for all the characters in both B- and R- lines, but genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was very low. SSRs were able to detect low level of residual heterozygosity in some of the inbred
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No full textNot AvailableGenomic prediction is meant for estimating the breeding value using molecular marker data which has turned out to be a
powerful tool for efficient utilization of germplasm resources and rapid improvement of cultivars. Model-based techniques
have been widely used for prediction of breeding values of genotypes from genomewide association studies. However, application of the random forest (RF), a model-free ensemble learning method, is not widely used for prediction. In this study, the
optimum values of tuning parameters of RF have been identified and applied to predict the breeding value of genotypes based
on genomewide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), where the number of SNPs (P variables) is much higher than the
number of genotypes (n observations) (P >> n). Further, a comparison was made with the model-based genomic prediction
methods, namely, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), ridge regression (RR) and elastic net (EN) under
P >> n. It was found that the correlations between the predicted and observed trait response were 0.591, 0.539, 0.431 and
0.587 for RF, LASSO, RR and EN, respectively, which implies superiority of the RF over the model-based techniques in
genomic prediction. Hence, we suggest that the RF methodology can be usedNot Availabl
