1,215 research outputs found
The impact of economic abuse on depressive symptoms among survivors of intimate partner violence
No full textThis dissertation examined the impact of economic abuse and the mediating role of economic self-efficacy on depressive symptoms among survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). The primary research question aimed to examine the associations between economic abuse experiences and depressive symptoms from a cross-sectional and longitudinal viewpoint, among a sample of 457 female survivors of IPV, recruited from 14 domestic violence programs, across 10 states and Puerto Rico. The secondary research question aimed to examine the mediating role of economic self-efficacy in the relationship between economic abuse and depressive symptoms. This dissertation theorized that higher levels of economic abuse experiences would relate to increased levels of depressive symptoms. Stress theory (Thoits, 2010) was utilized to provide a framework for understanding the way the stress of economic abuse and the accumulated life strain, which occurred from financial dependence on an abuser, might converge to produce high levels of stress and depression for survivors of IPV. Furthermore, this dissertation theorized that economic self-efficacy would mediate the relationship between economic abuse experiences and depressive symptoms. The concept of self-efficacy evolved from social learning theory (Bandura, 1994, 1997, 2008) and examined how the survivor’s perceived economic competence, during or following the economic abuse experiences, provided a specific mediating construction in the development of depressive symptoms. The findings revealed that, from a cross-sectional perspective, higher levels of economic abuse experiences related to higher levels of depressive symptoms; however, this relationship was not mediated by economic self-efficacy. Furthermore, from a longitudinal, 14-month perspective, there was no significant impact of the change in economic abuse experiences on the change in depressive symptoms. In examining the impact of economic abuse on depressive symptoms among survivors of IPV, this study added to the knowledge base of the social sciences, furthered understanding of the impact of economic abuse and the possible mediating impact of economic self-efficacy, and provided critical information that the field of IPV could utilize in developing programs and policies to support survivors.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Amanda Mathisen Styliano
Speech-Language Pathology and Spiritual Care
No full textMathisen, B.A. & Threats, T. (2018). Speech-Language Pathology and Spiritual Care. In: Carey, L.B. & Mathisen, B.A. Spiritual Care for Allied Health Practice: A Person-Centered Approach (Chapter 2: pp: 22-54). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers [ISBN 9781785922206]. [https://www.jkp.com/uk/spiritual-care-and-allied-health-practice-2.html].Summary: In this chapter it is argued that spiritual or religious care can be included as part of the role of a speech-language pathologist (where appropriate) including the use of spiritual care screening and referral to ensure appropriate holistic care that is person-centred is forthcoming.</p
Speech-Language Pathology and Spiritual Care
No full textMathisen, B.A. & Threats, T. (2018). Speech-Language Pathology and Spiritual Care. In: Carey, L.B. & Mathisen, B.A. Spiritual Care for Allied Health Practice: A Person-Centered Approach (Chapter 2: pp: 22-54). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers [ISBN 9781785922206]. [https://www.jkp.com/uk/spiritual-care-and-allied-health-practice-2.html].Summary: In this chapter it is argued that spiritual or religious care can be included as part of the role of a speech-language pathologist (where appropriate) including the use of spiritual care screening and referral to ensure appropriate holistic care that is person-centred is forthcoming.</p
Panel data analysis of operating costs in the Norwegian car ferry industry
No full textAuthor's accepted version (postprint).This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Maritime Economics & Logistics (2012). The definitive publisher-authenticated version Mathisen, T. A. & Jørgensen, F. (2012). Panel data analysis of operating costs in the Norwegian car ferry industry. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 14(2), 249-263. doi: 10.1057/mel.2012.2 is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1057/mel.2012.
Demonstrating Active Distribution Grids and Active Demand 
No full textActive distribution grids and active customers require a rethinking of ICT tools and architectures in order to connect systems, platforms and actors previously unable to exchange information across domains of the energy business. This paper presents results from an R&D project focusing on developing a reference architecture for an open smart grid middleware, able to cope with the wide range of services necessary to integrate both DSOs, retailers and consumers as well as new actors (such as aggregators and prosumers) to a common framework. Such a framework is necessary to develop, scale and design future energy-related services to customers and other relevant stakeholders in the energy system operation
A randomized controlled trial of physical exercise- and dietary therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy: Treatment effects for women with bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder
No full textAvhandling (doktorgrad) - Norges idrettshøgskole, 2018Background: Eating disorders (EDs) are among the top ten of the gender and age adjusted global burden of diseases in terms of poor quality of life, affecting young women in particular. Less than half of the persons with bulimia nervosa (BN) or binge eating disorder (BED) are detected and offered treatment for their ED in primary care. Besides low detection rate; low mental health literacy, and long waitlists for special care are important causes to this scenario. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is recognized as the preferred evidence based treatment option for BN and BED, still more than 60% do not fully abstain from symptoms. There is a need to explore new treatment options that circumvent the challenges with low treatment access and poor remission rate. Evidence suggest that regular physical activity effectively prevents and treats physical- and mental morbidity and mortality, contributing to improvements in quality of life. Physical activity is however, rarely incorporated in treatment of EDs out of fear of exacerbating the compulsive and excessive nature of exercise in patients for compensatory or affect regulation purposes.
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of a new treatment method for women with BN or BED, combining guided physical exercise and dietary therapy (PED-t), being offered as group therapy. The novel treatment method was compared to the effect of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), and a waitlist control group. The first paper describes the rationale for, and the specific study protocol from the PED-t trial. The second paper describes the physical fitness in women with BN or BED more thoroughly than previously in the literature. In the third paper we investigated the effect from PED-t or CBT on compulsive exercise and level of physical activity. In the fourth paper we investigated the effect from PED-t or CBT on remission from ED, ED-symptomology, and measures of mood and quality of life.
Methods: During 2014-2016 totally 187 women with BN or BED, aged 18-40 and with BMI 17.5-35 were enrolled in this RCT, and allocated to PED-t (n=82) or CBT (n=82), or temporarily placed in a waitlist control group (n=23). Effect from 16 weeks of treatment by either CBT or PED-t, or being in control group, was evaluated and compared at baseline (T1), post-test (T2) and follow-up periods (6 months, T3, and 12 months, T4). Outcomes were blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscle strength (1RM), physical activity, body composition, compulsive exercise (CE), remission from diagnosis, and alleviation of ED-symptoms (by EDE-q) and comorbidity. Measures were by cardiopulmonary exercise testing, 1RM strength tests, DXA, objective registration of physical activity, and questionnaires.
Results: In total 156 met for baseline screening, of whom 103 were diagnosed with BN and 53 with BED. Overall, participants with BN or BED displayed adequate physical fitness; however, a high number had high blood pressure, low CRF and unfavorable body composition. The number of randomized participants (n=164) that met for therapy was 149, of whom 112 completed treatment (32% drop out). Dropouts and completers were different by a lower mean (CI95) score for depression amongst completers (-3.08 -5.95, -0.21, g=0.39, p=0.035), and significantly more from CBT were lost to follow-up at T3 and T4 compared to PED-t. About 40-70% of all participants scored above clinical cut-off in the compulsive exercise test (CET) at baseline. CBT and PED-t were equally effective in reducing compulsive exercise after 16 weeks of treatment (P < 0.01, Hedges g ~ 0.4), with sustained long-term effects (T3-T4). The proportion of participants that complied with the official recommendation for physical activity (~47%) neither changed following treatment, nor emerged different between the therapy arms. After treatment mean EDE-q global score improved more in the PED-t group compared to the CBT group (-0.66, [CI99 -1.23, -0.1], g=0.52, p <0.003) and to the control group (-1.15, [CI99 -1.97, -0.34], g=1.00, p<0.001), whereas CBT did not differ from the control group (-0.49 [CI99-1.32, 0.34], g=0.48, p=0.12). Numbers in full- or partial remission were higher in PED-t (29.0% and 19.7%) and CBT (12.4% and 16.7%) compared to control (0.1% and 5.6%), p<0.004. Both therapies resulted in significant improvement in life quality, but mood rating only improved in PED-t with shortlived effect. Long-term effects (T3-T4) from therapies were equally successful in remission rates, alleviation from ED-symptoms and improvements in quality of life.
Conclusions: The finding of a high number with impaired physical fitness calls for inclusion of physical fitness evaluation in routine clinical examinations, and for guided physical activity and dietary therapy in the treatment of BN and BED. Both indirect (CBT) and direct (PED-t) approaches may be successful in reducing CE with sustained long-term effect. Neither approaches raised the level of physical activity or compliance with official recommendations for physical activity, hence a need to increase mean physical activity towards healthy levels remains unsolved. The therapeutic effect from PED-t was comparable to the current preferred therapy (CBT), hence it may be an alternative pathway to recovery from BN and BED. A high availability of professionals within exercise medicine and dietetics may attract new segments of ED patients and circumvent the poor access to mental health services.Paper I: Mathisen, Therese Fostervold; Rosenvinge, Jan H; Pettersen, Gunn; Friborg, Oddgeir; Vrabel, Kari-Anne; Bratland-Sanda, Solfrid; Svendsen, Mette; Stensrud, Trine; Bakland, Maria; Wynn, Rolf; Sundgot-Borgen, Jorunn. The PED-t trial protocol: The effect of physical exercise –and dietary therapy compared with cognitive behavior therapy in treatment of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2017;17:180:1-11.Paper II: Mathisen, Therese Fostervold; Rosenvinge, Jan H; Pettersen, Gunn; Friborg, Oddgeir; Vrabel, Kari-Anne; Bratland-Sanda, Solfrid; Svendsen, Mette; Stensrud, Trine; Teinung, Elisabeth; Underhaug, Karoline; Hansen, Bjørge H.; Sundgot-Borgen, Jorunn. Body composition and physical fitness in women with bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder. Int J Eating Disorder 2018;51:331–342.Paper III: Mathisen, Therese Fostervold; Bratland-Sanda, Solfrid; Rosenvinge, Jan H; Friborg, Oddgeir; Vrabel, Kari-Anne; Pettersen, Gunn; Sundgot-Borgen, Jorunn. Treatment effects on compulsive exercise and physical activity in eating disorders. [submitted]Paper IV: Mathisen, Therese Fostervold; Rosenvinge, Jan H; Pettersen, Gunn; Friborg, Oddgeir; Vrabel, Kari-Anne; Bratland-Sanda, Solfrid; Sundgot-Borgen, Jorunn. Eating disorders can be treated with physical exercise and dietary therapy. A randomized controlled trial with 12 months follow-up. [submitted]Seksjon for idrettsmedisinske fag / Department of Sport Medicin
Fiscal policies and car choices in Italy and Norway: A scenario analysis based on a stated-preference survey
No full textNorwegian and Italian car drivers make very different car choices. This paper investigates the influence of fiscal policies on car buyers’ choices, using data collected from a stated preference survey conducted in 2021. After estimating a joint random parameter logit model, we simulated the market shares of five car powertrains under three scenarios: “Italian car buyers face the same net purchase car prices and fuel\electricity costs as the Norwegian car drivers and vice versa”, “Italy adopts the Norwegian registration tax”, and “Both Italy and Norway adopt a social cost internalizing registration tax”. The results indicate that Italian car users are reluctant to switch to battery electric cars (BEVs). They would choose BEVs more frequently in the three scenarios envisaged but without reaching the corresponding Norwegian levels. If Italy would adopt the Norwegian registration tax system, BEVs’ market share would gain 5.4 percentage points relative to the baseline scenario, while under the social cost internalizing scenario, BEVs’ market share would improve by 3.4 and PHEVs’ one by 0.2 percentage points. On the contrary, Norwegians are BEV-oriented and would comparatively preserve a high BEV share. In the social cost internalization scenario, the BEV share relative to the baseline scenario would decrease by 7.2 percentage points, petrol cars would gain 1.2, HEVs 2.9, PHEVs 3.4, and diesel cars would lose 0.3 percentage points. In general, there seems to be a lock-in or path dependence effect that limits BEV penetration in Italy and prevents the decline of the BEV share in Norway
Joint appointments in nursing education: Exploring possibilities and challenges of using practice education facilitators in Norwegian nursing education: A realist-informed evaluation study
No full textBackground: Clinical competence is essential for ensuring patient safety and providing highquality nursing care, and it consists of a complex blend of knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes. A central learning activity for developing clinical competence in nursing is clinical placements, where nursing students can apply theoretical knowledge to real-life patient situations. In Norway, clinical placements constitute approximately 50% of the bachelor's degree in nursing, and for students to develop clinical competence, it is vital that these placements are of high quality.
In Norway, clinical placements are conducted in close collaboration between higher education institutions and healthcare services. Clinical placements typically involve students being placed in a department for a period of 6-12 weeks, where a registered nurse takes on the responsibility of daily supervision in the role of a clinical supervisor. Additionally, the student is followed up by a nurse educator employed by the higher education institution. The nurse educator has the overall responsibility for assessing the student midway and at the end of the placement period in collaboration with the clinical supervisor. Research, both nationally and internationally, has shown that the quality of clinical supervision and the collaboration between higher education institutions and clinical areas significantly impact students' learning outcomes during placements.
To enhance education quality in placements, the use of joint appointments has been recommended by the authorities. In Norway, the term ‘joint appointment’ is often used as a general term for positions where nurses work in two places, for example, in education and healthcare services, or in two different departments within healthcare services. In this thesis, we focus on the first type of joint appointments, where nurses are employed either by an educational institution or a healthcare service, or both organisations, to act as a liaison between the two settings with the aim of strengthening clinical placements as learning arenas. The term ‘practice education facilitator’ is used in this thesis in a generic sense for such positions.
Despite recommendations from authorities to increase the use of practice education facilitators, there is little knowledge about how and why such positions can contribute to enhanced quality in clinical placements.
Aim: The main aim of this thesis was to develop knowledge about the opportunities and challenges associated with the use of practice education facilitators in Norway. Furthermore, the aim was to explore how such positions can contribute to strengthened clinical learning environment for nursing students, under what circumstances, and why.
Materials and methods: The PhD project was carried out through three studies, all of which were informed by realism as a scientific lens. The first study was a systematic literature review (Study I), while the other two were qualitative interview studies (Study II and III). Study I was conducted as a realist review where the results from 27 included studies were synthesised using a "context-mechanism-outcome" (CMO) analysis to explore how, under what circumstances, and why (or why not) practice education facilitators can contribute to an enhanced clinical learning environment for nursing students.
Study II was a qualitative interview study with an exploratory design, using in-depth interviews with 12 practice education facilitators from three different healthcare trusts as the data collection method. The aim was to explore their experiences and views on how the practice education facilitator role influences the clinical learning environment for nursing students. The interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.
Study III was also conducted as a qualitative interview study with an exploratory design. Data collection was carried out using focus groups and in-depth interviews with a total of 12 clinical supervisors working in two healthcare trusts and in various departments that had an affiliated practice education facilitator. The aim was to explore clinical supervisors’ experiences and perceptions on how the practice education facilitator role influences the clinical learning environment for nursing students, under what circumstances, and why. Reflexive thematic analysis was also used as the analysis method in this study.
Main results: Familiarity with both the higher education institution and the clinical area provides the practice education facilitators with a unique opportunity to bridge the gaps between clinicians and educators, fostering better mutual understanding. To effect change, practice education facilitators must hold positions that allow for organisational influence. Although nurse educators are primarily responsible for student assessments in placements, clinical supervisors often feel the burden of this responsibility, particularly if they lack experience or face challenges with students struggling to meet learning outcomes. In such situations, practice education facilitators are valuable resources, offering support and guidance that boosts clinical supervisors’ confidence and judgement. Meta-supervision further enhances clinical supervisors’ knowledge and effectiveness. However, high clinical workloads, lack of dedicated supervision time, and varying motivation levels affect supervisors’ willingness to seek support from practice education facilitators. Familiarity with the facilitator’s role and relationship quality also plays significant roles.
To drive change, practice education facilitators need specific personal and professional attributes, including communication skills, flexibility, relationship-building abilities, clinical credibility, academic competence, and organisational understanding. Clarity about the facilitator's contributions and strong organisational integration are crucial. Timely support, accessibility, and visibility are essential for the role’s promotion. Factors like allocated time, responsibility scope, and flexibility in other roles influence the facilitator’s presence and impact.
Clinical supervisors who utilised support from practice education facilitators reported increased confidence and a reduced sense of isolation, leading to greater trust in their assessment and a lower risk of ‘failing-to-fail’ situations. Practice education facilitators also enhanced focus on practice learning across the healthcare organisation.
Conclusion: This PhD project has contributed to knowledge on how practice education facilitators can strengthen the clinical learning environment in Norwegian nursing education. The results show that practice education facilitators can act as important links between higher education institutions and the clinical area and thereby contributing to a better clinical learning environment for nursing students. Furthermore, they can serve as key resource persons for clinical supervisors, enabling them to better fulfil their supervisory responsibilities towards students. To achieve the full potential of these positions, it is important to appoint individuals with the right competence and suitability for the role. Additionally, there must be alignment between the tasks they are to undertake, and the resources allocated to the position, and the roles must be well-anchored at all levels within the organisation.publishedVersio
The Collapse of a Large Laminated Composite Wind Turbine Blade with Multiple Local Buckling-driven Delaminations
No full textIsogeometric modeling and experimental investigation of moving-domain bridge aerodynamics
No full textComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) and fluid–structure interaction (FSI) are growing disciplines in the aeroelastic analysis and design of long-span bridges, which, with their bluff body characteristics, offer major challenges to efficient simulation. In this paper, we employ isogeometric analysis (IGA) based on nonuniform rational B-splines (NURBS) to numerically simulate turbulent flows over moving bridge sections in three dimensions (3D). Stationary and dynamic analyses of two bridge sections, an idealized rectangular shape with aspect ratio 1∶10 and a 1∶50-scale model of the Hardanger bridge, were performed. Wind tunnel experiments and comparative finite-element (FE) analyses of the same sections were also conducted. Studies on the convergence, static dependencies on the angle of attack, and self-excited forces in terms of the aerodynamic derivatives show that IGA successfully captures the bluff-body flow characteristics and exhibits superior per-degree-of-freedom accuracy compared to the more traditional lower-order FE discretizations.Accepted Author ManuscriptShip Hydromechanics and Structure
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