34 research outputs found
PELAKSANAAN HIGIENE SANITASI PADA MAKANAN JAJANANAN (STREET FOOD) DI DAPUR BAMBU SUDIRO KOTA BATU
No full textABSTRAK Wijayanti, Devi Arinda. 2013. Pelaksanaan Higiene Sanitasi pada Makanan Jajanan (Street Food) di Dapur Bambu Sudiro Kota Batu. Skripsi. Program Studi Pendidikan Tata Boga, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Negeri Malang. (I) Dra. Nunung Nurjanah, M. Kes. (II) Drs. Made Wena, M. Pd. M. T. Kata kunci: higiene sanitasi, makanan jajanan (street food), Dapur Bambu Sudiro, Kota Batu Pelaksanaan higiene sanitasi pada makanan jajanan (street food) merupakan usaha yang paling tepat untuk melindungi makanan dan minuman yang dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan informasi tentang kesesuaian pelaksanaan higiene sanitasi makanan jajanan (street food) pada penjamah makanan, peralatan, air, bahan makanan, bahan tambahan, dan penyajian, sarana penjaja, dan sentra pedagang di Dapur Bambu Sudiro Kota Batu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Obyek penelitian meliputi 16 penjamah makanan dan lokasi di Dapur Bambu Sudiro Kota Batu. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dalam penelitian ini adalah pedoman observasi dan pedoman wawancara. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa: 1) pelaksanaan higiene sanitasi makanan jajanan (street food) pada penjamah makanan di Dapur Bambu Sudiro Kota Batu cukup sesuai (65,62%) dengan persyaratan higiene sanitasi yang berlaku; 2) pelaksanaan higiene sanitasi makanan jajanan (street food) pada peralatan di Dapur Bambu Sudiro Kota Batu sesuai (95,31%) dengan persyaratan higiene sanitasi yang berlaku; 3) pelaksanaan higiene sanitasi makanan jajanan (street food) meliputi air, bahan makanan, bahan tambahan, dan penyajian di Dapur Bambu Sudiro Kota Batu sesuai (79,68%) dengan persyaratan higiene sanitasi yang berlaku; 4) pelaksanaan higiene sanitasi makanan jajanan (street food) pada sarana penjaja di Dapur Bambu Sudiro Kota Batu cukup sesuai (75%) dengan persyaratan higiene sanitasi yang berlaku; dan 5) pelaksanaan higiene sanitasi makanan jajanan (street food) pada sentra pedagang di Dapur Bambu Sudiro Kota Batu sesuai (100%) dengan persyaratan higiene sanitasi yang berlaku. Pelaksanaan higiene sanitasi pada makanan jajanan (street food) di Dapur Bambu Sudiro Kota Batu yang sesuai dengan persyaratan higiene sanitasi yang berlaku meliputi peralatan, air, bahan makanan, bahan tambahan, penyajian, dan sentra pedagang. Pelaksanaan higiene sanitasi pada makanan jajanan (street food) di Dapur Bambu Sudiro Kota Batu yang cukup sesuai dengan persyaratan higiene sanitasi yang berlaku meliputi penjamah makanan dan sarana penjaja. Pemilik stand dan pengelola disarankan untuk terus meningkatkan pelaksanaan higiene dan sanitasi makanan. Dinas Kesehatan setempat disarankan memberikan pelatihan dan penyuluhan tentang higiene sanitasi untuk keamanan pangan dan mencegah keracunan makanan di Dapur Bambu Sudiro Kota Batu
Adaptive behaviour of roots under salt stress correlates with morpho- physiological changes and salinity tolerance in rice
No full textSalinity screening of five commercially available rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes i.e., KS-282, Super Basmati, KSK-133, Shaheen Basmati and DilRosh was performed at 100 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration to investigate the effect of salt stress on root architecture and to understand the role of roots in salinity adaptation. Morpho-physiological attributes and water conservation level were monitored in all genotypes under control and stress conditions. Among the tested genotypes, KS-282 was found to be fairly tolerant while Super Basmati was found to be highly sensitive. Changes in the root architectural dynamics were analyzed using WinRhizo pro software program. Na + and K + content in the roots and shoots were correlated with morpho physiological growth parameters and variations in root geometry. A significant decrease in the root length, lateral root density combined with reduced surface area was evident in the tolerant genotype within the first three days of salt treatment. Growth was sustained gradually after this initial delay while no such response was recorded in the sensitive genotype. Similarly, Na + content was found to be significantly lower in the roots and shoots of the tolerant genotype as compared to the sensitive plants. Our data highlights a primal reduction in the total root length and surface area as a major component in tolerance against Na + accumulation and salinity induced damage. Our data can be used to understand root growth and adaptation in other rice species as well as many other forage grass and cereal species under salt stress
Histo-morphological analysis of rice callus cultures reveals differential regeneration response with varying media combinations
No full textGenetic transformation of most indica rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars is hampered by poor in vitro culture performance and low regeneration potential. Histological study of primary calli can provide substantial information on their regeneration potential and can be used for early grading of calli expected to develop plantlets on regeneration media. The study was aimed to undertake histological analysis of primary calli derived from mature seeds of five indica rice cultivars viz. KSK-133, KS-282, Shaheen Basmati, Super Basmati, and DilRosh in order to assess their regeneration potential on different media combinations supplemented with various hormone concentrations (N6 + 2 mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; N6 + 2 mg/L 2–4 D + 2 mg/L Benzylaminopurine and MS + 2 mg/L 2,4-D). Calli with regeneration capability were subjected to histological assays by examining toulidine blue stained 5–8 μm thin sections for the presence of meristematic zones exhibiting embryogenic callus features. Based on our observations, formation of embryoids or embryoid-like structures was pronounced in KSK-133 and KS-282 calli. However, DilRosh, Super Basmati and Shaheen Basmati did not show these characteristic features. Three-week-old calli of all rice cultivars were transferred into regeneration medium (MS + 2 mg/L BAP + 1 mg/L Naphthaleneacetic acid). KSK-133 and KS-282 showed the highest regeneration potential (81% and 76%, respectively). These data were supported by histological observations where characteristic embryogenic units (EU) were noticed in these genotypes. These meristematic regions displayed high mitotic activity and stained relatively dark. The embryogenic calli cells were found heavily cytoplasmic with prominent nuclei and were located on the callus surface or inside surrounded by parenchymal cells
Effect of post-thermal annealing on the structural of ZnO thin films deposited using sol-gel spin-coating method
No full textTranscriptome and cell physiological analyses in different rice cultivars provide new insights into adaptive and salinity stress responses
Get PDFSalinity tolerance has been extensively investigated in recent years due to its agricultural importance. Several features, such as the regulation of ionic transporters and metabolic adjustments, have been identified as salt tolerance hallmarks. Nevertheless, due to the complexity of the trait, the results achieved to date have met with limited success in improving the salt tolerance of rice plants when tested in the field, thus suggesting that a better understanding of the tolerance mechanisms is still required. In this work, differences between two varieties of rice with contrasting salt sensitivities were revealed by the imaging of photosynthetic parameters, ion content analysis and a transcriptomic approach. The transcriptomic analysis conducted on tolerant plants supported the setting up of an adaptive program consisting of sodium distribution preferentially limited to the roots and older leaves, and in the activation of regulatory mechanisms of photosynthesis in the new leaves. As a result, plants resumed grow even under prolonged saline stress. In contrast, in the sensitive variety, RNA-seq analysis revealed a misleading response, ending in senescence and cell death. The physiological response at the cellular level was investigated by measuring the intracellular profile of H2O2 in the roots, using a fluorescent probe. In the roots of tolerant plants, a quick response was observed with an increase in H2O2 production within 5 min after salt treatment. The expression analysis of some of the genes involved in perception, signal transduction and salt stress response confirmed their early induction in the roots of tolerant plants compared to sensitive ones. By inhibiting the synthesis of apoplastic H2O2, a reduction in the expression of these genes was detected. Our results indicate that quick H2O2 signaling in the roots is part of a coordinated response that leads to adaptation instead of senescence in salt-treated rice plants
Genetic variation among dengue virus that possibly correlate with pathogenesis
Get PDFDengue disease are reemerging disease and major health concern in tropical and subtropical regions because of the increasing number of patients, expanding endemic areas and increased occurrence of severe clinical manifestation (DHF/DSS) in the last two decades. Despite extensive studies, it is not fully elucidated mechanism by which dengue infection progress to DHF/DSS. Information obtained so far indicates that both host-related factor and virus virulence are involved. Recent studies have shown several structural differences of dengue virus genome between those associated with DF only and those with the potential to cause DHF. That genome differences might be correlated with pathogenesis. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 190-4) Keywords: dengue virus, virulence factor, pathogenesi
Metode Pelaksanaan Embung Kalipang Di Desa Kalipang Kecamatan Grogol Kabupaten Kediri, Jawa Timur
Get PDFEmbung atau waduk kecil adalah suatu kolam penampungan air pada musim hujan dan dimanfaatkan pada musim kemarau. Istilah embung berasal dari Nusa Tenggara Timur yang memiliki arti danau kecil. Embung sebagai waduk kecil karena hanya memiliki tinggi maksimum 15 meter dan volume tampungan airnya kurang dari 500.000 m³. Pada proyek Pembangunan Embung Kalipang, owner yaitu Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum Direktorat Jendral Sumber Daya Air Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai yang diserahkan kepada Proyek PPK Danau, Situ, dan Embung yang memberikan desain berupa gambar perencanaan kepada kontraktor. Namun pada gambar perencanaan tidak dijelaskan mengenai metode pelaksanaan konstruksi sehingga kontraktor harus membuat “panduan” cara mewujudkan gambar teknis perencanaan tersebut menjadi pekerjaan atau kegiatan nyata di lapangan.Metode pelaksanaan yang digunakan penulis dalam pembuatan panduan pelaksanaan proyek Embung Kalipang berdasarkan survei di lapangan yang dilakukan ketika penulis sedang menjalani kerja praktik. Penulis melakukan wawancara terhadap kontraktor dan pihak terkait untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai realisasi pelaksanaan proyek pembangunan embung. Selain itu, penulis menggunakan studi literatur sebagai dasar teori untuk beberapa item pekerjaan di lapangan.Pelaksanaan pembangunan Embung Kalipang di Desa Kalipang, Kecamatan Grogol Kabupaten Kediri; proses pengukuran menggunakan Theodolit untuk memudahkan pembagian sudut as embung dan area potongan embung dengan menggunakan metode poligon.Sedangkan untuk proses pengecoran tubuh embung menggunakan mutu K-175 dengan 9 kali tahapan.
Kata kunci : Metode pelaksanaan, Embung
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Embung or small reservoir is a pool which water gathering in the wet season and used during the dry season. The meaning of embung originated from west of Nusa Tenggara which has meaning small lake. Embung as small lake caused only has a maximum height of 15 meters and the volume of the water reservoir is less than 500.000 m³. In the Embung Kalipang Development Project, the owner of the Ministry of Public Works of the Directorate General of Water Resources of the River Basin was submitted to the KDP Lake, Situ, and Embung Project which provided the design of the planning design to the contractor. But the design of planning does not explain on the method of construction implementation so that the contractor should make a "guide" how to realize the technical drawing of the planning into real work or activity in the field. The method of implementation used by the author in making the implementation guide Embung Kalipang project based on field surveys conducted while the author is undergoing practical work. The author doing interviewed to contractor related parties to obtain information on the realization of embung development project implementation. In addition, the authors use literature studies as a theoretical basis for several items of work in the field. Implementation of Embung Kalipang development in Kalipang Village, Grogol District Kediri Regency; the measurement process using Theodolite to facilitate the division of the corners of the embung and the slice area of the embung. The process of accumulating materials, the land used is obtained from the project site. As for the casting process using K-175 quality with 9 steps.
Keyword: Method of implementation, Embung
Pengklonaan Gen Nonstruktural 3 Virus Dengue Serotipe 2 (ns3 denv-2) Strain Indonesia ke dalam Plasmid umvc4a
Get PDFAbstrak Penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan utama dunia. Penyakit DBD disebabkan oleh virus dengue dari famili Flaviviridae yang terdiri atas empat serotipe. Genom virus dengue terdiri atas tiga gen penyandi protein struktural dan tujuh gen penyandi protein nonstruktural. Protein nonstruktural-3 (NS3) merupakan protein yang memiliki beberapa fungsi, yaitu dalam pemrosesan poliprotein, replikasi dan capping RNA, serta sebagai target utama respons imun selular, baik sel T CD4+ maupun sel T sitotoksik CD8+. Protein tersebut mengandung banyak epitop yang dapat dikenali oleh sistem imun humoral maupun selular. Oleh karena itu, protein NS3 merupakan target potensial bagi pengembangan vaksin dengue. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh klon gen NS3 dalam pUMVC4a. Gen NS3 diamplifikasi dengan teknik PCR. Gen NS3 dan pUMV4a didigesti dengan enzim PstI dan NotI, kemudian diligasi menggunakan enzim T4 ligase dan ditransformasi ke dalam sel Escherichia coli DH5α. Visualisasi hasil isolasi plasmid rekombinan menunjukkan empat rekombinan memiliki pola migrasi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan plasmid wild-type. Verifikasi insert dan analisis orientasi dengan PCR dan sekuensing menunjukkan sisipan gen NS3 dalam pUMVC4a dengan orientasi yang benar.Kata kunci: dengue, nonstruktural 3 (NS3), vaksin
Abstract Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) remains one of the world’s major health problems. Dengue fever is caused by dengue virus of the family Flaviviridae, which consists of four serotypes. Dengue virus genome consists of three genes encoding structural proteins and seven genes encoding nonstructural proteins. Nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) is a multifunctional protein that function in polyprotein processing, replication and RNA capping, as well as the main target of cellular immune responses, both CD4 T cells and CD8 cytotoxic T cells. It has many epitopes that can be recognized by the humoral and cellular immune system. Therefore, the NS3 protein is a potential target for the development of dengue vaccine. This study aims to obtain the NS3 gene in the pUMVC4a vector. NS3 gene was amplified by PCR. NS3 gene and plasmid were digested with enzymes PstI and NotI, then ligated using T4 ligase enzyme and transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α cells. Visualization of the isolated recombinant plasmid showed four clones have migration peatern higher than migration of plasmid of wild type. Verification the orientation of the insert by PCR and sequencing analysis showed that NS3 gene was inserted in pUMVC4a with the correct orientation.Key words: dengue, nonstructural 3 (NS3), vaccin
