555 research outputs found
Image Recognition Performance of GPT-4V(ision) and GPT-4o in Ophthalmology: Use of Images in Clinical Questions
Get PDFKosei Tomita,1 Takashi Nishida,2 Yoshiyuki Kitaguchi,3 Koji Kitazawa,4,&ast; Masahiro Miyake5,&ast; 1Department of Ophthalmology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan; 2Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; 5Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Takashi Nishida, University of California, 9415 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0946, USA, Email [email protected]: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of Generative Pre-trained Transformer with Vision (GPT)-4, GPT-4 with Vision (GPT-4V), and GPT-4o for clinical questions in ophthalmology.Patients and Methods: The questions were collected from the “Diagnosis This” section on the American Academy of Ophthalmology website. We tested 580 questions and presented ChatGPT with the same questions under two conditions: 1) multimodal model, incorporating both the question text and associated images, and 2) text-only model. We then compared the difference in accuracy using McNemar tests among multimodal (GPT-4o and GPT-4V) and text-only (GPT-4V) models. The percentage of general correct answers was also collected from the website.Results: Multimodal GPT-4o performed the best accuracy (77.1%), followed by multimodal GPT-4V (71.0%), and then text-only GPT-4V (68.7%); (P values < 0.001, 0.012, and 0.001, respectively). All GPT-4 models showed higher accuracy than the general correct answers on the website (64.6%).Conclusion: The addition of information from images enhances the performance of GPT-4V in diagnosing clinical questions in ophthalmology. This suggests that integrating multimodal data could be crucial in developing more effective and reliable diagnostic tools in medical fields.Keywords: ChatGPT, large language model, GPT-4o, ophthalmolog
1. Slow Neutron Physics and Neutron Scattering
Get PDFIn case that corrections are made, an errata will be provided in the following webpage: https://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/PUB/report/PR/ProgRep2020/ProgRep2020.htmlCO1-1 Towards larger-m polarizing neutron supermirror /M. Hino et al. (R2009) [87]CO1-2 Current Status of Versatile Compact Neutron Diffractometer (VCND) on the B–3 Beam Port of KUR, 2020 /K. Mori et al. (R2070) [88]CO1-3 Radius of Gyration of Polymer for Viscosity Index Improver at Various Temperatures Evaluated by Small-Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scatterings /T. Hirayama et al. (R2076) [89]CO1-4 Development of High-resolution cold/ultracold neutron detectors using nuclear emulsion /N. Naganawa et al. (R2138) [90]CO1-5 Optimization of neutron spin flipper with large beam acceptance /M. Kitaguchi et al. (R2139) [91]CO1-6 Development of multiplayer mirrors for neutron interferometer /M. Kitaguchi et al. (R2140) [92
TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS AND T. PSEUDOSPIRALIS : VIABILITY OF LARVAE AS DETERMINED BY THE MTT DYE METHOD AFTER FREEZING OR IMMUNOLOGICAL EXPULSION
Get PDFTRICHINELLA SPIRALIS AND T. PSEUDOSPIRALIS : VIABILITY OF LARVAE AS DETERMINED BY THE MTT DYE METHOD AFTER FREEZING OR IMMUNOLOGICAL EXPULSION
No full textADE-FDTD Analysis of Lasing Dynamics in Cholesteric Liquid Crystal as a Chiral Photonic Media
No full textAdvances in Bi-Based High-T<sub>c</sub> Superconducting Tapes and Wires
No full textSince the discovery of high-Tc superconductors (HTSs), especially the Bi-based oxide superconductors (Bi-HTSs) in 1989, much effort has been concentrated on the fabrication of Bi-HTS wires and tapes. Bi-HTSs are interesting materials from the viewpoint of practical applications. One of the interesting applications of Bi-HTSs is the cryogen-free conduction-cooled magnet. Besides having a high transition tem- perature (Tc), Bi-HTSs have high upper critical fields (Bc2) or high irreversibility fields (Birr) at temperatures below ∼30 K. Because ∼30 K can be efficiently main- tained by a cryocooler, a Bi-HTS magnet cooled with a cryocooler has great potential in many technological applications. Another promising application of Bi-HTSs is the high-field magnet. When the temperature is reduced to ∼5 K, Bi-HTSs show a much higher Bc2 or Birr than do conventional metallic superconductors (low-temperature superconductors, LTSs) such as Nb3Sn. This indicates that Bi-HTSs also have great potential for use in a high- field superconducting magnet if the magnet is operated at low temperature.</jats:p
1. Neutron Scattering
No full textIn case that corrections are made, overwrite the modified version in the following web page: https://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/PUB/report/PR/ProgRep2023/ProgRep2023.htmlCO1-1 Trial of mass production of m=6 neutron focusing supermirrors/ M. Hino et al. (R5063) [92]CO1-2 Structural Analysis of Viscosity Index Improver Molecules Using Small-Angle X-ray Scattering/ T. Hirayama et al. (R5124) [93]CO1-3 Improvement of multilayer mirrors for neutron interferometer/ M. Kitaguchi et al. (R5129) [94]CO1-4 Development of efficient spin filters for ultracold neutrons/ T. Higuchi et al. (R5137) [95]CO1-5 Development of Cold/ultracold Neutron Detector Using Nuclear Emulsion/ N. Naganawa et al. (R5160) [96]CO1-6 High-temperature test for BGaN semiconductor neutron detectors/ S. Okita et al. (R5182) [97
1. Neutron Scattering
No full textIn case that corrections are made, overwrite the modified version in the following web page: https://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/PUB/report/PR/ProgRep2024/ProgRep2024.htmlCO1-1 Development of absorption grating devices with CN-3 beamline at KURNS/ M. Hino et al. (R6055) [107]CO1-2 Trial of mass production of =6 neutron focusing supermirrors II/ M. Hino et al. (R6056) [108]CO1-3 Measurement and improvement with neutron interferometer/ M. Kitaguchi et al. (R6069) [109]CO1-4 Iron films on an aluminum substrate for polarization analysis of ultra-cold neutrons/ T. Higuchi et al. (R6139) [110
Pulmonary function impairment in patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema with and without airflow obstruction
No full textYoshiaki Kitaguchi,1,2 Keisaku Fujimoto,3 Masayuki Hanaoka,1 Takayuki Honda,4 Junichi Hotta,2 Jiro Hirayama2 1First Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 2Department of Internal Medicine, Okaya City Hospital, Okaya, 3Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 4Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan Background: The syndrome of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a recently described entity associating upper-lobe emphysema and lower-lobe fibrosis. We sought to evaluate differences in pulmonary function between CPFE patients with and without airflow obstruction. Subjects and methods: Thirty-one CPFE patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of irreversible airflow obstruction based on spirometry (forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity <70% following inhalation of a β2-agonist) as follows: CPFE patients with airflow obstruction (CPFE OB+ group, n=11), and CPFE patients without airflow obstruction (CPFE OB– group, n=20). Pulmonary function, including respiratory impedance evaluated using impulse oscillometry and dynamic hyperinflation following metronome-paced incremental hyperventilation, was retrospectively analyzed in comparison with that observed in 49 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients (n=49). Results: In imaging findings, low-attenuation-area scores on chest high-resolution computed tomography, representing the degree of emphysema, were significantly lower in the CPFE OB– group than in the CPFE OB+ and COPD groups. In contrast, the severity of pulmonary fibrosis was greater in the CPFE OB– group than in the CPFE OB+ group. In pulmonary function, lung hyperinflation was not apparent in the CPFE OB– group. Impairment of diffusion capacity was severe in both the CPFE OB– and CPFE OB+ groups. Impulse oscillometry showed that respiratory resistance was not apparent in the CPFE OB– group compared with the COPD group, and that easy collapsibility of small airways during expiration of tidal breath was not apparent in the CPFE OB+ group compared with the COPD group. Dynamic hyperinflation following metronome-paced incremental hyperventilation was significantly greater in the COPD group than in the CPFE OB– group, and also tended to be greater in the CPFE OB+ group than in the CPFE OB– group. Conclusion: The mechanisms underlying impairment of physiological function may differ among CPFE OB+ patients, CPFE OB– patients, and COPD patients. CPFE is a heterogeneous disease, and may have distinct phenotypes physiologically and radiologically. Keywords: CPFE, COPD, respiratory impedance, dynamic hyperinflatio
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