82 research outputs found
MEDITATING ON THE PERSONALITY OF J. BRODSKY (ON THE MEMORIES OF KARL PROFFER)
No full textThe aim of the author is to emphasize in the life and personality of J. Brodsky some important moments based upon memories of K. Proffer. Analysis of poet’s moral statements is being made, as well as his attitude to the “red” socialist as a dominant evaluative criteria, manifested in his assessments of contemporary writers. The analysis reveals choked consciousness of Brodsky in exile as well as high importance of his history of love - “feeling incredibly strong and long”. All these points witnesses that Brodsky was a personality tragic destiny and unique originality
Occurrence, Distribution and Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based detection of resistance to Sterol Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicides in populations of Blumeriella jaapii in Michigan.
No full textThe intensive use of site-specific fungicides in agricultural production
provides a potent selective mechanism for increasing the frequency of
fungicide-resistant isolates in pathogen populations. Practical resistance
occurs when the frequency and levels of resistance are great enough to
limit the effectiveness of disease control in the field. Cherry leaf spot
(CLS), caused by the fungus Blumeriella jaapii, is a major disease of
cherry trees in the Great Lakes region. The site-specific sterol demethylation
inhibitor fungicides (DMIs) have been used extensively in the region.
In 2002, CLS control failed in a Michigan orchard that had used the DMI
fenbuconazole exclusively for 8 years. That control failure and our observations
from around the state suggested that practical resistance had developed
in B. jaapii. Field trial data covering 1989 to 2005 for the DMIs
fenbuconazole and tebuconazole supported observations of reduced efficacy
of DMIs for controlling CLS. To verify the occurrence of fungicideresistant
B. jaapii, monoconidial isolates were collected in two surveys
and tested using a fungicide-amended medium. In one survey, 137
isolates from sites with different DMI histories (no known history, mixed
or alternated with other fungicides, and exclusive use) were tested against
12 concentrations of fenbuconazole, tebuconazole, myclobutanil, and
fenarimol. Isolates from sites with no prior DMI use were DMI sensitive
(DMIS = no colony growth at 0.2 μg/ml a.i.) whereas the isolates from the
site with prior exclusive use showed growth at DMI concentrations 3 to
>100 times higher, and were rated as DMI resistant (DMIR). A second
survey examined 1,530 monoconidial isolates, including 1,143 from 62
orchard sites in Michigan, where DMIs had been used to control CLS.
Resistance to fenbuconazole was detected in 99.7% of the orchard isolates.
All isolates from wild cherry trees were sensitive and isolates from
feral and dooryard trees showed a range of sensitivities. A polymerase
chain reaction (PCR)-based detection method for identifying B. jaapii
and DMIR was developed and tested. The species-specific primer pair (Bj-
F and Bj-R) based on introns in the CYP51 gene of B. jaapii, and the
DMIR-specific primer pair (DMI-R-Bj-F and DMI-R-Bj-R) based on an
insert found upstream of CYP51 in all DMIR isolates, provided an accurate
and rapid method for detecting DMIR B. jaapii. The PCR-based identification
method will facilitate timely decision making and continued
monitoring of DMIR subpopulations in response to management programs
First Report of<i>Diplodia mutila</i>on Golden-chain Tree<i>(Laburnum</i>x<i>watereri).</i>
No full textIntegration of Copper based and Reduced-Risk Fungicides for Control of Blumeriella jaapii on Sour Cherry
No full textPractical resistance to sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides among populations of
Blumeriella jaapii, the cherry leaf spot (CLS) pathogen, was documented in 2005. In the present
study, strategies to reduce selection for DMI-resistant strains of B. jaapii and adapt to possible
restrictions on the use of chlorothalonil are described. Ten field trials were conducted on the sour
cherry cultivars Balaton and Montmorency to test the efficacy of integrating respiration-inhibitor
and copper-based fungicides into spray programs. Programs that included up to three sprays of
copper-based fungicides were among the most effective for controlling CLS, although leaf phytotoxicity
was sometimes observed. Under high disease pressure, eliminating chlorothalonil
compromised CLS control. ‘Balaton’ and ‘Montmorency’ did not differ in the percentage of
leaves with CLS or defoliation resulting from CLS. The physical modes of action of representative
DMI, QoI, and copper-based fungicides were evaluated in a leaf disk assay. Trifloxystrobin,
a QoI fungicide, provided the best protection against infection by B. jaapii. All fungicides were
more effective than water when applied 46 h postinfection, although differences were not statistically
significant in one of two trials. Tebuconazole, a DMI, was the only fungicide that was
more effective than water in preventing resporulation from existing lesions in both trials. Isolates
of B. jaapii, which varied in DMI-sensitivity, all were sensitive to copper in vitro
Cercospora osirisae sp. nov., the cause of a spot disease on emersed leaves of Echinodorus osiris in Florida
No full textVolume: 43Start Page: 261End Page: 27
Big Data, Big Libraries, Big Problems?: the 2014 LibTech Anti-talk?
No full textThe desire to create automatons is a familiar theme in human history, and during the age of the Enlightenment mechanical automatons became not only an “emblem of the cosmos”, but a symbol of man’s confidence that he would unlock nature’s greatest mysteries and fully harness her power. And yet only a century later, automatons had begun to represent human repression and servitude, a theme later picked up by writers of science fiction. Man’s confidence undeterred, the endgame of the modern scientific and technological mindset, or MSTM, seems to be increasingly coming into view with the rise of “information technology” in general and “Big data” in particular. Along with those who wield them, these can be seen as functioning together as a “mechanical muse” of sorts – surprisingly alluring – and, like a physical automaton can serve as a symbol – a microcosm – of what the MSTM sees (at the very least in practice) as the cosmic machine, our “final frontier”. And yet, individuals who unreflectively participate in these things – giving themselves over to them and seeking the powers afforded by the technology apart from technology’s rightful purposes – in fact yield to the same pragmatism and reductionism those wielding them are captive to. Thus, they ultimately nullify themselves philosophically, politically, and economically – their value increasingly being only the data concerning their persons, and its perceived usefulness. Likewise libraries, the time-honored place of, and symbol for, the intellectual flowering of the individual, will, insofar as they spurn the classical liberal arts (with the idea that things are intrinsically good, and in the case of humans, special as well) in favor of the alluring embrace of MSTM-driven “information technology” and Big data - unwittingly contribute to their irrelevance and demise as they find themselves increasingly less needed, valued, wanted. Likewise for the liberal arts as a whole, and in fact history itself, if the acid of a “science” untethered from what is, in fact, good (intrinsically), continues to gain strengt
Instability and transition in unsteady rotating flows
No full textThe unsteady flow of rotating fluids can exhibit some fascinating and elegant phenomena. The movement of fluid due to the rotation of an encompassing container, or the flow of fluid due to the rotation of a solid object immersed within a body of fluid, is of particular interest. Specifically, we focus on the dynamics resulting from an impulsive change in the rotation rate for both these internal and external flows, including the formation of boundary layers and their subsequent evolution, and the formation of instabilities. Using a combination of analytical, computational and experimental methods, we consider the flow induced by both a torus and a sphere, contained in an otherwise quiescent body of fluid, suddenly imparted with angular momentum. Our results agree well with previous work on this classical problem, known to exhibit a boundary-layer collision process, and we are able to take this problem further to consider the post-collision dynamics, encountering some new and exciting results, such as the development and propagation of a toroidal vortex pair, as a result of the boundary-layer collision, and instability of the radial jet. We also consider the flow within fluid-filled annular and toroidal containers, when there is a sudden change in the rotation rate of the container. Using both analytical and computational approaches, we explore the initial development of the impulsively generated axisymmetric boundary layer, its subsequent instability, and the larger scale transient features within this class of flows. This allows us to compare with and, perhaps, proffer an explanation for previously unexplained experimental results for the flow within a fluid-filled torus. In particular, we demonstrate that small imperfections in the torus surface, introduced during manufacture, can generate substantial secondary motion, considerably different from that which would arise if caused by centrifugal instabilities. This serves to highlight the often overlooked impact of small disturbances on the global dynamics of such flows
A conservation roadmap for the subterranean biome
No full textThe 15th UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (COP15) will be held in Kunming, China in October 2021. Historically, CBDs and other multilateral treaties have either alluded to or entirely overlooked the subterranean biome. A multilateral effort to robustly examine, monitor, and incorporate the subterranean biome into future conservation targets will enable the CBD to further improve the ecological effectiveness of protected areas by including groundwater resources, subterranean ecosystem services, and the profoundly endemic subsurface biodiversity. To this end, we proffer a conservation roadmap that embodies five conceptual areas: (1) science gaps and data management needs; (2) anthropogenic stressors; (3) socioeconomic analysis and conflict resolution; (4) environmental education; and (5) national policies and multilateral agreements
Nitrogen Fixation by Symbiotic and Free-Living Spirochetes
No full textSpirochetes from termite hindguts and freshwater sediments possessed homologs of a nitrogenase gene (nifH) and exhibited nitrogenase activity, a previously unrecognized metabolic capability in spirochetes. Fixation of 15-dinitrogen was demonstrated with termite gut Treponema ZAS-9 and free-living Spirochaeta aurantia. Homologs of nifH were also present in human oral and bovine ruminal treponemes. Results implicate spirochetes in the nitrogen nutrition of termites, whose food is typically low in nitrogen, and in global nitrogen cycling. These results also proffer spirochetes as a likely origin of certain nifHs observed in termite guts and other environments that were not previously attributable to known microbes
Balancing energy strategies in electricity portfolio management
No full textTraditional management of electricity portfolios is focused on the day-ahead market and futures of longer maturity. Within limits, market participants can however also resort to the balancing energy market to close their positions. In this paper, we determine strategic positions in the balancing energy market and identify corresponding economic incentives in an analysis of the German balancing energy demand. We find that those strategies allow an economically optimal starting point for real-time balancing and create a marketplace for flexible capacity that is more open than alternative marketplaces. The strategies we proffer in this paper we believe will contribute to an effective functioning of the electricity market.Electricity market design Balancing energy Strategic behavior Interchangeable marketplaces Electricity portfolio management
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