5,455 research outputs found
Healthcare Activism, Marketization, and the Collective Good
No full textThis chapter engages with three key dynamics of contemporary healthcare - digitalization, marketization and individualization. It draws on several theoretical frameworks to conceptualize the notion of collective good and to consider how healthcare activism may play into defining and defending the collective good when faced with the outlined societal, economic, and scientific dynamics. Presenting contemporary examples from the Covid-19 pandemic, the chapter argues that the way activists define and defend the collective good can only fully be understood by grasping how this good is shaped by other, often more dominant, stakeholders in healthcare: governmental institutions, professional experts, scientists, and private industry – the latter being a focal point of concern for this current volume.European Commission Horizon 2020Check for published version during checkdate report - AC2021-04-28 JG: PDF replaced at author's request2021-06-04 JG: embargo removed following documentation from author/publishe
Gustav T. Geiger portrait, undated
No full textBlack-and-white photograph of Gustav T. Geiger sitting at a desk. The captions on the reverse of the image read, "Gustav T. Geiger; University of Chattanooga", "Gustav T. Geiger", "E50", and "X3." The stamps on the reverse of the image read, "M424225", "POLAROID", and "Please Return to Director of Publicity; UNIVERSITY OF CHATTANOOGA; CHATTANOOGA 3, TENNESSEE.
Gustav T. Geiger portrait, undated
No full textBlack-and-white photograph of Gustav T. Geiger sitting at a desk. The captions on the reverse of the image read, "Gustav T. Geiger; University of Chattanooga", "Gustav T. Geiger", "E50", and "X3." The stamps on the reverse of the image read, "M424225", "POLAROID", and "Please Return to Director of Publicity; UNIVERSITY OF CHATTANOOGA; CHATTANOOGA 3, TENNESSEE.
Anatoma jansenae Geiger, 2006, new species
No full textAnatoma jansenae new species: Figure 18 Anatoma SWA: Jansen 1999: 50, figs. 16–18. Anatoma australis partim: Geiger & Jansen 2004 a: fig. 5 (A. jansenae), not figs. 3–4 (A. australis). Type material. Holotype (AMS C. 402717). Paratypes (AMS C.450272, 7; AMS C.402720, 7; AMS C.402721, 1). Type locality. 238 – 183 m, SW of Cape Naturaliste, Western Australia, Australia, 33.742 °S, 114.435 °E. Etymology. Named after Patty Jansen, New South Wales, Australia, who first recognized the distinctness of the species, and for her contributions to the knowledge of Australian micromolluscs. Description. Shell trochiform globular, medium size (to 2.5 mm). Protoconch of 0.75 whorls, with flocculant sculpture, apertural varix not connected to embryonic cap, apertural margin somewhat sinusoid. Teleoconch I of 0.75 whols, 17–21 distinct axials, spiral of same strength as axial in position of selenizone. Teleoconch II of up to 2.25 whorls. Shoulder somewhat convex, approximately 75 distinct axials on last whorl, 12–18 fine spirals forming at intersection with axials minute, dull points. Base with similar sculpture as shoulder, approximately 20 somewhat stronger spirals; spirals always cords, not as shingles. Umbilicus narrow, continuously sloping with base. Selenizone at periphery, keels moderately strong, moderately elevated; slit open margins converging towards apertural rim. Aperture rounded in lower portion, suborbicular under shoulder. Differential diagnosis. Anatoma australis (Hedley, 1903: Fig. 19) from the eastern Australia has coarser sculpture on the base, particularly with a decrease in density of the spirals in the third closest to the umbilicus; adumbilical margin of adumbilical spirals usually not fully differentiated from surface giving shinglelike appearance. Anatoma tobeyoides Geiger & Jansen, 2004 from southeastern Australia lacks the protoconch varix, and on teleoconch I of less than 0.5 whorls lacks a spiral cord in the position of the selenizone. Anatoma funiculata Geiger & Jansen, 2004 from Queensland is less globular and more angular in overall shape, has a teleoconch I of approximately 0.5 whorls, and a distinct shell strand (funiculus) running into the umbilicus. Distribution. Western Australia, Coral Sea. Specimen records. Coral Sea. 6 m, Saumarez Reef, 21.817 °S, 153.667 °E (AMS C.402669, 1). Timor Sea. 27 m, Sahul Banks, 11.5 °S, 125.5 °E (AMS C.377600, 1). Australia, Western Australia. 75 m, Off Albany, 35.240 °S, 118.342 °E (AMS C.378550, 7). 158 m, Great Australian Bight, E of Hood Point, 34.417 °S, 121.333 °E (AMS C.378551, 2). South Cowaramup, 33.883 °S, 114.983 °E (AMS C.379071, 7). 238 – 183 m, SW of Cape Naturaliste, 33.742 °S, 114.435 °E (AMS C.402717, 1: holotype; AMS C.ex. C.402717, 7: paratypes). 155 m, NW of Bunbury, 33.250 °S, 114.617 °E (AMS C.402719, 1). 200–221 m, NW of Bunbury, 33.000 °S, 114.617 °E (AMS C.402747, 6). 176–182 m, W of Garden Island, 32.262 °S, 115.112 °E (AMS C.402741, 1). 210–212 m, W of Garden Island, 32.250 °S, 115.117 °E (AMS C.402750, 2). Minim Cove, Mosman Park, Swan River, 32.017 °S, 115.767 °E (AMS C.379070, 1). 116 m, off Rottnest Island, 31.673 °S, 115.198 °E (AMS C.378552, 8). 160 m, off Rottnest Island, 31.650 °S, 115.080 °E (AMS C.402749, 1). 110 m, off Rottnest Island, 31.630 °S, 115.178 °E (AMS C.378549, 3). 732 m, W of Rottnest Island, 31.083 °S, 114.767 °E (AMS C.402751, 1). 237–274 m, W of Green Head, 30.750 °S, 114.767 °E (AMS C.402748, 1). 238–247 m, off Cervantes Island, 30.533 °S, 114.683 °E (AMS C.402752, 2). 256 – 192 m, NW of Cervantes, 30.500 °S, 114.633 °E (AMS C.402718, 10). 223–245 m, off Jurien Bay, 30.133 °S, 114.500 °E (AMS C.402745, 1). 197–219 m, NW of Green Head, 29.967 °S, 114.450 °E (AMS C.402721, 1: paratype). 183 m, NW of Beagle Island, 29.725 °S, 114.333 °E (AMS C.402746, 1). 274–283 m, NW of Beagle Island, 29.717 °S, 114.283 °E (AMS C.402720, 7: paratypes). 146 m, W of Dongara, 29.350 °S, 114.117 °E (AMS C.402742, 1). 219 m, W.of Dongara, 29.183 °S, 113.900 °E (AMS C.402744, 1). 183 m, W of Dongara, 29.142 °S, 113.913 °E (AMS C.402743, 1). Point Quobba, N of Carnarvon, 24.483 °S, 113.417 °E (AMS C.379976, 1). 108 m, Off North West Cape, 22.705 °S, 113.540 °E (AMS C.402644, 1; 402645, 1). 2 m, Ningaloo Reef, off Neds Camp, 21.992 °S, 113.908 °E (AMS C.377284, 2). 238 m, North West Shelf, ca 230 ml W Roebuck Bay, 18.500 °S, 118.050 °E (AMS C.402676, 1). Remarks. Geiger & Jansen (2004) noted that there was no consistent difference in the eastern and western specimens of A. australis and Anatoma “SWA” of Jansen (1999). Recent re–examination of the material showed the above indicated subtle differences. Anatoma munieri (Fischer, 1862): Figure 20 Scissurella munieri Fischer October 1, 1862: 390–391, not illustrated. Scissurella munieri: Munier Chalmas 1865: 397. Scissurella munieri: Fischer 1867: 305, 468, pl,. 9, fig. 4 [The figure caption on plate 9 for figure 4 reads Scissurella munieriana, an error noted on the errata page 468 of the volume]. Scissurella munieri: Paetel 1888: 289. Scissurella munieri: Pilsbry 1890: 54. Scissurella munieri: Thiele 1912: 14 –15. scissurellid: Bandel 1991: pl. 2, fig. 7. Scissurella munieri: Higo & Goto 1993: 15. Scissurella ? munieri: Geiger 2003: 77. Synonyms + Anatomus turbinatus A. Adams November, 1862: 347–348, not illustrated. Type material. Holotype (BMNH 1874.5. 19.62. Higo et al. 2001: G 82), 2.5 mm. Type locality. Minosima, [= Mishima Island, Hagi City, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan (34.767 °N, 131.166 E): see also Kawamoto and Tanabe (1956)] 63 fms. [= 115 m] (OD). Etymology. Turbinatus: Latin adjective: that which whirls; whirlwind, tornado; spinning top; spiral. Referring to the high spired shell shape. Scissurella turbinata: Crosse 1863: 109. Scissurella turbinata: Paetel 1888: 289. Anatomus turbinatus: Pilsbry 1890: 59. Scissurella turbinata: Pilsbry 1895: 106. Scissurella turbinata: Thiele 1912: 15, pl. 2, figs. 9–10 [after a specimen in the British Museum: type?]. Schizotrochus turbinatus: Habe 1951: 68, pl. 11, figs. 12–13. Scissurella turbinata: Kuroda & Habe 1952: 85. Scissurella (Schizotrochus) turbinata: Kawamoto & Tanabe 1956: 3, pl. 2, fig. 11 [copy figure Thiele 1912. fide T. Sasaki pers. comm. 2005]. Anatoma turbinata: Habe & Kosuge, 1964: 4. Anatoma turbinata: Higo 1973: 13. Anatoma turbinata: Tsuchida et al. 1991: 5 –6, pl. 1, figs. 2 –3, 5. Anatoma turbinata: Higo & Goto 1993: 15. Anatoma turbinata: Yu &Feng 1996: pl. 1,figs. 1–4. Anatoma turbinata: Okutani & Hasegawa 2000: 37, fig. 5. Anatoma turbinata: Higo et al. 2001: G 82 [holotype]. Anatoma turbinata: Geiger 2003: 74. Anatoma turbinata: Geiger & Jansen 2004 a: 18 –21. figs. 9 –10, 18 [map]. Anatoma turbinata: Geiger 2004: textfig. p. 5. Misidentifications Anatoma agulhasensis: Bandel 1998: 34 –35, pl. 11, figs. 4–6. [is A. munieri]. Anatoma agulhasensis: Jansen 1999: 48,figs. 1–3. [is A. munieri]. not Scissurella turbinata: Yokoyama (1924: 35–36, pl. 5, fig. 21) [is Sci. staminea. Fide Oyama 1973: 10. plate reprinted in Taki & Oyama 1954: pl. 42: shows Sci. staminea. Specimen in UMUT CM 21891 fide T. Sasaki pers. comm. 2005). Type material. Syntypes (MNHN, 2), 1.5 x 1.66 mm. Lectotype here designated (see remarks). Type locality. Seas of China, in bottom sands (OD). Etymology. Named after E. Munier Chalmas (OD). Description and differential diagnosis. The species was recently treated by Geiger & Jansen (2004 a) as A. turbinata. Remarks. Anatoma munieri and A. turbinata are clearly synonymous. Supporting characters include the overall turreted shape of the shell, the strong constriction below the selenizone with a subsequent spiral edge, a minor spiral edge on the base 0.66 towards the umbilicus, the shell ornamentation showing a regular reticulate pattern composed of spiral and axial cord, and the open umbilicus, which slopes continuously with the base. Anatoma munieri has only one month priority over A. turbinata. The date on the first page of the issue in which Sci. munieri was described, agrees with the publication dates given by Winckworth (1936). Although the latter species name is somewhat better known, the general rule of priority should be enforced in this case. It is not possible to apply the nomen oblitum/protectum rules, because munieri has been used as a valid species after 1900. FischerPiette (1950: 69) indicated there to be a holotype and one paratype. The holotype was not specifically designated in the original description, hence, the two specimens constitute syntypes. The subsequent holotype indication can not be viewed as a lectotype designation (ICZN Art. 74.5). The specimen shown in Figure 20 A is here designated as the lectotype with the express purpose of taxon stabilization in case other nonconspecific syntypes should be located. Bandel (1991) showed an unidentified “scissurellid”, which is here identified as A. munieri. Bandel (1998: 42) referred in his discussion of Hainella pulchella (= A. pulchella: see Geiger, 2003 for discussion of generic taxa) to an illustration in his 1991 publication that illustrated the species with a specimen from Cebu. There was no specific reference to pagination, plate or figure number, and three Bandel (1991) references were used, but only one dealing with specimens from the Philippines: Bandel (1991) of this contribution. Although A. pulchella is very distinct from A. munieri, it is likely that the reference by Bandel (1998) was a lapsus calami.Published as part of Geiger, Daniel L., 2006, Eight new species of Scissurellidae and Anatomidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda) from around the world, with discussion of two new senior synonyms, pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 1128 on pages 24-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27335
Scissurella maraisorum Geiger 2006
No full textScissurella maraisorum Geiger, 2006 Scissurella maraisorum Geiger, 2006: 10, figs 7, 8. Geiger, 2012: 232, figs 130–132. Type loc.: Aliwal Shoal, KwaZulu-Natal, 20 m (30.250 °S: 30.817 °E); holotype in NMSA (W 3498 /T 1616). Distribution. Central KwaZulu-Natal (off Scottburgh) to Pondoland (off Mbotyi) (Geiger 2012); 20–100 m (no data for living specimens).Published as part of Herbert, David G., 2015, An annotated catalogue and bibliography of the taxonomy, synonymy and distribution of the Recent Vetigastropoda of South Africa (Mollusca), pp. 1-98 in Zootaxa 4049 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4049.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/24536
When the Robots (try to) Take Over: Of Artificial Intelligence, Authors, Creativity and Copyright Protection
No full textAs works are increasingly produced by machines using artificial intelligence (AI) systems, with a result often difficult to distinguish from that of a human creator, the question of what should be the appropriate response of the legal system and, in particular, of the copyright system has become central. If the creative input of the author has traditionally been the generator of copyright protection, AI forces to reassess what in the creative process is special in human creativity and where the creative input lies in AI-generated works. But it also poses more fundamental questions on what the copyright system should achieve and who/what it should protect. In particular, as many human authors will potentially face the competition of these AI machines on the market, new ways of remunerating human creators have to be imagined while making sure that the copyright system does not stand in the way of these important technological developments.
This contribution analyses the copyright issues related to so-called “generative AI” systems and reviews the arguments currently advanced to change the copyright regime for AI-generated works. It is argued that the copyrightability of AI-generated outputs should be considered with outmost care and only when AI is used as a technical tool for creators in their creation process- meaning when they can serve a human author. At the same time, AI systems are here to stay, and their development should not be inhibited as they can have many beneficial aspects (including for creators) if appropriately regulated. For this reason, it is proposed that the machine learning process using copyright-protected works to train the AI gives rise to a limitation-based remuneration right to the benefit of human creators.
More generally, it is argued that for the EU to continue to be a vibrant place for culture and creativity, (finally) cherishing and putting the Human Author at the center of the copyright system is necessary (and not only to built-up protection/fences to the benefit of copyright industries). In doing so, we might be able to have in the future AI-robots that serve creators and creativity, and not the other way around
Special Issue - Six articles on immigration policy.
No full textThe Romanian Journal of European Studies No.4/2005 ISSN 1583 - 199X. EUV - Editura Universitatii de Vest, Timisoara, 2005 The British Coucil in Bucharest and The School of High Comparative European Studies (SISEC), within the West University of Timisoara, edited The Romanian Journal of European Studies No.4/2005 - special issue on migration and mobility (Guest editor: Mr. Martin GEIGER, Bonn University, Germany; contact: [email protected]). CONTENTS: Foreword; Grigore Silasi ... page 5 Editorial; Martin Geiger ... pages 7 - 8 Forms and Features of the Post-Enlargement Migration Space; Paolo Ruspini ... pages 9 - 18 Managing Migration for an Enlarging Europe - Inter-governmental Organizations and the Governance of the Migration Flows; Martin Geiger ... pages 19 - 30 Balkan Migrations and The European Union: Patterns and Trends; Martin Baldwin-Edwards ... pages 31 - 43 Workers' Mobility': Europe's Integration and Second Thoughts; Peter van Krieken ... pages 45 - 53 Romania's External Migration in the Context of Accesion to the EU: Mechanisms, Institutions and Social-Cultural Issues; Luminita Nicolescu, Daniela-Luminita Constantin ... pages 55 - 63 Migrations et incidence sur la répartition spatiale de la population en Roumanie au niveau national et régional; Vasile Ghetau ... pages 65 - 8
Sinezona marrowi Geiger 2012
No full textSinezona marrowi Geiger 2012 (Figures 2–3) 2012 Sinezona marrowi nov. spec.—Geiger: p. 500–503, figs 379–381. Material. Anda 1 (1) RGM 961.706, Tiep 2 (1) RGM 961.707. Characterization. Shell with flattened apex and inflated base; H 0.80 mm, W 1.04 mm; P with axial sculpture, DN 0.06–0.09 mm; T 1 with strong prosocline axial lamellae and fine spiral cords; axial lamellae weaker on T 2; aperture large, inclined; umbilical wall straight; umbilical ridge thin but prominent. Distribution. Indian Ocean and Indo-Malayan Archipelago, 0–434 m depth (Geiger 2012). Remarks. The studied material conforms to the description by Geiger (2012), except for the umbilical ridge, which appears to be more prominent in the studied material. The development of the slit cannot be observed in this juvenile material.Published as part of Helwerda, Renate A. & Wesselingh, Frank P., 2014, Revision of Scissurellidae, Anatomidae and Fissurellidae (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda) from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Philippines, pp. 183-194 in Zootaxa 3838 (2) on page 186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3838.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/22906
Anatoma porcellana Geiger 2012
No full textAnatoma porcellana Geiger, 2012 (Figures 8–9) 2012 Anatoma porcellana nov. spec.—Geiger: p. 1020–1026, figs 830–833. Material. Anda 5 (1) RGM 961.716, Anda 6 (9) RGM 961.718, AndaCliff 3 (5) RGM 961.720, Tiep 1 (1) RGM 961.721. Characterization. Shell large, biconical; H 3.95 mm, W 3.97 mm; P eroded, DN 0.13–0.16 mm; shoulder with curved axial cords and 1–3 fine spiral lines; base with spiral and axial cords forming reticulate sculpture; sculpture weakens on lower third of base; aperture rounded; umbilicus closed. Distribution. Possibly tropical Indian Ocean; southern Japan, Indo-Malayan Archipelago to the Western Pacific, 49–2570 m (Geiger 2012). Remarks. The studied material mostly conforms to the description by Geiger (2012), although some specimens are larger than 3.2 mm (largest is 3.95 mm). The shoulder occasionally has three fine spiral lines instead of one to two. The density of axial cords on shoulder and base strongly increases on the last whorl of large specimens. P and T 1 are eroded in the studied material, yet T 1 appears to have only about 11 axial ribs instead of 17–20. The studied material is quite similar in its shape, sculpture and closed umbilicus to Anatoma gephyra Maxwell, 1992 from the late Eocene of New Zealand as well, but the latter has a shorter T 1 of only 0.33 whorls.Published as part of Helwerda, Renate A. & Wesselingh, Frank P., 2014, Revision of Scissurellidae, Anatomidae and Fissurellidae (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda) from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Philippines, pp. 183-194 in Zootaxa 3838 (2) on pages 187-189, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3838.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/22906
Scissurella nesbittae Geiger & Goedert 2020, n. sp.
No full textScissurella nesbittae n. sp. (Fig. 1) ZooBank LSID [ According to Richard Pyle of ZooBank, Zootaxa arranges for ZooBank registrations]. Type material. Holotype SBMNH 467092. Paratypes SBMNH 637694 (11 specimens), UWBM 112001 – 112005, from type locality. An additional 10 specimens UWBM 112006 – 112015. Type locality. LACMIP locality 41621 (= UCMP loc. 3607); Gries Ranch Formation, latest Eocene or earliest Oligocene, 33–34 Ma (latest Priabonian or earliest Rupelian) (Prothero & Burns 2001). South bank of Cowlitz River at the bend, east half of the SW ¼ of Sec. 24, T. 11 N. R. 2 W., at site of the old Gries Ranch, Lewis County, Washington. The scissurellid fossils are from silty sandstone directly below the thick oyster bed in the eastern part of the outcrop. GPS coordinates: 46.4188º N, 122.8788º W. Etymology. Named for Elizabeth A. Nesbitt for her contributions to stratigraphy and paleontology of the Pacific Northwest. Description. Shell to at least 1 mm (based on shell remnants on base of holotype), trochiform, suture below periphery of previous whorl. Protoconch of 0.75 whorls, fine axials, apertural varix connected to embryonic cap, apertural margin sinusoid. Teleoconch I of 1.125 whorls, about 22 axial cords, interstices with finest lamellar growth lines; first fine spiral thread after 1–2 axial cords, five at onset of selenizone. Teleoconch II of at least 1.75 whorls (based on shell remnants on base of holotype), shoulder with similar sculpture as on teleoconch I, about five spiral lines irregularly spaced between suture and selenizone. Selenizone slightly above periphery; keels of moderate strength, elevation. Base without constriction below selenizone, with axial cords similar to shoulder, spiral lines increasing in strength towards umbilicus, in vicinity of umbilicus forming small nodes at intersection with axial cords. Umbilicus narrow, distinct funiculus. Comparisons. Sinezona malloryi (Squires & Goedert, 1996) from middle early Eocene rocks in Washington has a distinct constriction of the base below the selenizone, and the suture is above the periphery of the previous whorl. Sinezona cupelliformis (Amitrov, 1996) from Eocene strata of Ukraine has many more axials. Scissurella aliceae Schnetler, Lozouet & Pacaud, 2001, from Paleocene rocks in Denmark has a sunken protoconch, a much wider selenizone, and stronger spiral sculpture on the shoulder. Scissurella bituminata Beets, 1942, from Oligocene (or late Miocene, see Janssen 1999) deposits in Indonesia has a distinct constriction below the selenizone, and more distinct and regular spiral sculpture. Scissurella depontailleri Cossmann, 1879, including its various synonyms (Geiger 2012), of Paleocene through Miocene age from Europe has regular spiral sculpture on the base. Scissurella marchmontensis Sohl, 1992, from Late Cretaceous rocks of the Caribbean has a distinct constriction on the base below the selenizone and prosocline axials. Remarks. The generic assignment to Scissurella is tentative because no complete mature specimens are known. Protoconch sculpture had been considered a means to diagnose scissurellid genera, but it has been shown to be highly variable (Geiger 2003, 2012).Published as part of Geiger, Daniel L. & Goedert, James L., 2020, Scissurella nesbittae, new species, from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County Washington State (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Scissurellidae), pp. 593-596 in Zootaxa 4759 (4) on pages 593-595, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.11, http://zenodo.org/record/374099
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