40 research outputs found
HIV Susceptibility Among Migrant Miners in Chokwe: A Case Study
No full textThis article examines the association between risky sexual behavior and HIV risk perception among miners. A cross-sectional survey (n = 293) was conducted with miners who worked in South African mines and lived in the Chokwe district of Gaza Province in southern Mozambique. The study used ordinary logistic and cumulative logistic models to understand what drives miners to HIV susceptibility. The study revealed that most miners were at risk of HIV infection as a result of risky sexual behavior. However, there was a strong negative association between risky sexual behavior and HIV risk perception. Seventy percent of the miners practicing risky sexual behavior reported low HIV risk perception. This demonstrates that miners tend to underestimate their HIV risk, which makes them more susceptible to contracting HIV. Risk perception among miners is related to a range of factors, both individual and environmental. Informed risk awareness is essential for these men to adopt preventive measures against HIV/AIDS. Therefore, it is important to consider cultural beliefs, as they influence the understanding of HIV risk perception.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The present study received financial support from Ministry of Science and Technology and Desafio/Vlaamse interuniversitaire raad VLIRUOS
Program
A situação Sociolinguística do povo Lunda: a língua chokwe de Angola
No full textA presente entrevista foi realizada pelo Canal Dyembu Dyetu ao Prof. Dr. Daniel Peres SASSUCO, Professor Auxiliar da Faculdade de Humanidades da Universidade Agostinho Neto. É Doutorando em Língua, Cultura e Sociedade na Universidade Zambeze (UniZambeze); Licenciado e Bacharel em Pedagogia Aplicada em Francês-Linguística Africana pelo Instituto Superior Pedagógico (ISP) de Lubumbashi na República Democrática do Congo. Mestre em Tratamento de Informação e Comunicação Multilingue pela Universidade Autónoma de Barcelona de Espanha. Na entrevista, o professor Sassuco mostra a localização da língua chokwe, fala da relevância da língua para a comunidade e debate políticas linguísticas que visam preservar as línguas africanas em Angola. Trata-se de uma entrevista que serve de instrumento de consulta para trabalhos acadêmicos. Como linguística, o professor Sassuco chama atenção às autoridades angolanas para que o ensino desta língua seja objeto de ensino nas escolas angolanas.
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-9kHRy4eb9c&t=1743
Coma scales for children with severe falciparum malaria
No full textThe Blantyre coma scale (BCS) is used to assess children with severe falciparum malaria, particularly as a criterion for cerebral malaria, but it has not been formally validated. We compared the BCS to the Adelaide coma scale (ACS), for Kenyan children with severe malaria. We examined the interobserver agreement between 3 observers in the assessment of coma scales on 17 children by measuring the proportion of agreement (PA), disagreement rate (DR) and fixed sample size κ (κn). We assessed the sensivitity and specificity of the scales in detecting events (seizures and hypoglycaemia) in 240 children during admission and the usefulness of the scales in predicting outcome. There was considerable disagreement between observers in the assessment of both scales (BCS: PA = 0·55, DR= 0·09 and κn = 0·27; ACS: PA = 0·36, DR = 0·31, and κn = 0·31), particularly with the verbal component of the BCS (κn = 0·02). Compared to the ACS, the BCS was more specific (0·85 for BCS and 0·80 for ACS), but less sensitive (0·25–0·69 vs. 0·38–0·88 respectively) in detecting events and was a worse predictor of neurological sequelae. The BCS provided a better overall assessment of a child's incapacity from falciparum malaria, but the ACS was more useful in assessing neurological disturbances
Security, Conflict, and Reintegration in Mozambique: Case Studies of Land Access in the Postwar Period
No full textIn October 1992, the Peace Accord was signed in Mozambique. Many positive changes have taken place since then. and the countryside in postwar Mozambique is in a state of intense transformation. Nevertheless, the government has been largely silent on the issue of land tenure reform, while some of the recommendations regarding land-policy reform that have been proposed are simplistic, uninformed, and fail to reflect the present political reality in Mozambique. This report shows the need to initiate a comprehensive discussion on land policy reform, natural resource management, and decentralized control over resources. The discussion must address fundamental questions about what types of land rights will exist or, more specifically, what types of property rights will be permitted; who will have the power to distribute land rights; and how and by whom land disputes will be settled. At the heart of these questions lie profound issues relating to the role and nature of the state and other political institutions, the relationships of these institutions with the citizens, and the form and nature of governance in Mozambique. In this report we will raise several concerns with regard to land that we hope will help policymakers in Mozambique define the parameters of this discussion.Land Economics/Use,
An intertextual reading of O. K. Matsepe's selected novels
No full textThesis (M. A. (Northern Sotho)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022There is nothing new on earth. Every text is the repetition of another text, or other things already existing. This study reflects on the texts leaning thematically on other texts. It does so by critically examining the intertexts which shaped O.K. Matsepe’s four novels, namely Lešitaphiri (1963), Megokgo ya Bjoko (1968), Kgorong ya Mošate (1962) and Mahlatse a Madimabe (1981). By revealing the intertexts, it is hoped that a maximum understanding of the novels by this outstanding author is reached. Underpinned by intertextual theory, this study adopted a qualitative approach to allow a better understanding of the identified phenomena. The four novels were purposevily sampled due to their relevancy to the topic under discussion. The study employed content analysis to thoroughly analyse data which were collected using a document review method. The discussion and findings of the study clearly indicates that the Bible and culture are the two main sources which influenced Matsepe’s writing. This research contributes to the existing knowledge as it scrutinises Matsepe’s philosophical novels which are still relevant to the current epoch and beyond
Determination and dietary risk assessment of neonicotinoid and insect growth regulators in honey
No full textAim: The aim of this study was to determine the presence, concentrations, dietary intake, and risk of residues of neonicotinoids (NEO) and insect growth regulators (IGR) in commercially available honey in South Africa.Methods: Sample preparation for honey was based on the “dilute and shoot” principle, followed by analysis using an internally validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographic coupled to tandem mass spectrometric method. Estimated daily intake and acute and chronic hazard quotients were determined to measure human exposure and health risk to NEO and IGR as well as the risk posed to honeybee.Results: NEO and IGR were detected in 50% and 21% of the 115 honey samples, respectively. The average concentration ranged 0.062-6.50 µgkg-1 and 0.479-1.644 µgkg-1 for NEO and IGR, respectively. While acetamiprid was the most detected (24.35%) NEO, imidacloprid presented the highest concentration (16.945 µg kg-1) in a sample. IGR co-occurred at variable concentrations with NEO in honey samples. The estimated daily intakes (EDI) of NEO and IGR ranged from 9.35 × 10-7 to 4.93 × 10-6 mg kg-1 bwd-1. The chronic hazard quotient (HQc) and acute hazard quotient (HQa) for NEO and IGR were considerably < 1, indicating negligible risk to human health and honeybee population.Conclusion: A UHPLC-MS/MS method was validated for the simultaneous determination of neonicotinoids and insect growth regulators in honey. Overall, the result of the present study confirms the widespread occurrence of NEO and IGR in honey consumed in South Africa. The EDIs, HQc, and HQa indicate that exposure to all target NEO and IGR via honey consumption constitutes negligible human health risk; however, the consequences of multiple routes of exposure to NEO and IGR cannot be overemphasized
Ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill African patients on stress ulcer prophylaxis
No full textBackground: Stress ulcer prophylaxis is an integral part of the care of the criticallyill. Agents that alter gastric pH may predispose these patients to gastric colonisation,with subsequent pneumonia and/or sepsis. Cytoprotective agents such as sucralfatepreserve gastric acidity and may be protective.Objective: To determine whether African patients on sucralfate as stress-ulcer prophylaxis have a lower incidence of gastric colonisation and ventilator-associated pneumonia than those on ranitidine.Design: Randomised case-control studySetting: Kenyatta National Hospital Intensive Care UnitSubjects: Patients on ventilatory support for 48 hours or more Interventions: Sixty-eight critically ill patients were randomly assigned to either ranitidine or sucralfate as stress ulcer prophylaxis. Paired samples were taken from gastric and tracheal aspirates at admission, 48 hours and day six. Pneumonia was diagnosed using the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score.Main outcome measures: Death or the development of pneumonia.Results: Although gastric colonisation rates were similar in the two groups, the incidence of pneumonia was lower in the sucralfate group (17.6% vs. 23.5%, p=0.4). In 63.6% of patients with both gastric colonisation and airway infection, the same organism was isolated from the two sites (p<0.01). The majority of the organisms isolated were multi-drug resistant.Conclusion: Compared with ranitidine, sucralfate did not offer significant reduction in either gastric colonisation or ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill African patients
The operational setup of intensive care units in a low income country in East Africa
No full textBackground: Intensive care medicine is a medical specialty which focuses on management of critically ill patients. The majority of critically ill patients in less developed countries, harboring two thirds of world populations do not have access to intensive care.
Objectives: Evaluate the current status of Intensive Care Unit setups and facilities in Kenya.
Design: An observational cross sectional survey.
Setting: The study was carried out in referral hospitals, provincial level 5 hospitals, mission hospitals and private hospitals with intensive care units.
Results: A total of 21 hospitals were surveyed in the republic with a bed capacity of 6,551. The bed capacity of ICUs was 130. Availability and serviceability of ICU equipment, availability of essential drugs and diagnostic support services used in care of critically ill patients ranged from \u3e 95% in private and mission hospitals to 60-80% in the other hospitals. There were 414 nurses working in the ICUs of which 204 had specialty training. Anaesthesiologists were the most common primary care clinicians in 47% of ICUs surveyed. Over a one-year period, post-operative surgical cases at 1086 (30%) and trauma at 909 (26%) cases were the leading causes of ICU admissions.
Conclusion: There is a low bed capacity in ICUs compounded by a universal deficit in human resource capacity and support infrastructure for the critical care services. Regionalisation, increased funding and more training opportunities for critical are services by the regional and central governments will go a long way in alleviating these challenges
Development and validation of a confirmatory method for the determination of stilbene estrogens in ostrich serum
No full textAnesthesia provided by type of medical provider for three selected months (February, June, and October).
No full texta<p>Surgical procedures are for February, June, and October 2007.</p>b<p>Surgical procedures are under-represented in October for Mozambique, where medical staff undergoes training during that month: there were no procedures for Catandica compared to a monthly average of 20 procedures, and 16 in Chokwe compared to 50 monthly average.</p>c<p>Surgical procedures are for February, June, and October 2006.</p><p>MZ, Mozambique; OB, obstetric; TZ, Tanzania; UG, Uganda.</p
