200 research outputs found
Computer Models for Musical Instrument Identification
No full textPhDA particular aspect in the perception of sound is concerned with what is commonly
termed as texture or timbre. From a perceptual perspective, timbre is what allows us
to distinguish sounds that have similar pitch and loudness. Indeed most people are
able to discern a piano tone from a violin tone or able to distinguish different voices
or singers.
This thesis deals with timbre modelling. Specifically, the formant theory of timbre
is the main theme throughout. This theory states that acoustic musical instrument
sounds can be characterised by their formant structures. Following this principle, the
central point of our approach is to propose a computer implementation for building
musical instrument identification and classification systems.
Although the main thrust of this thesis is to propose a coherent and unified
approach to the musical instrument identification problem, it is oriented towards the
development of algorithms that can be used in Music Information Retrieval (MIR)
frameworks. Drawing on research in speech processing, a complete supervised system
taking into account both physical and perceptual aspects of timbre is described.
The approach is composed of three distinct processing layers. Parametric models
that allow us to represent signals through mid-level physical and perceptual representations
are considered. Next, the use of the Line Spectrum Frequencies as spectral
envelope and formant descriptors is emphasised. Finally, the use of generative and
discriminative techniques for building instrument and database models is investigated.
Our system is evaluated under realistic recording conditions using databases of isolated
notes and melodic phrases
Smarandache Idempotents in Loop Rings ZtLn(m) of the Loops Ln(m)
No full textAbstract In this paper we establish the existence of S-idempotents in case of loop rings ZtLn(m) for a special class of loops Ln(m); over the ring of modulo integers Zt for a specific value of t. These loops satisfy the conditions g 2 i for every gi ∈ Ln(m). We prove ZtLn(m) has an S-idempotent when t is a perfect number or when t is of the form 2 i p or 3 i p (where p is an odd prime) or in general when t = p i 1p2(p1 and p2 are distinct odd primes), It is important to note that we are able to prove only the existence of a single S-idempotent; however we leave it as an open problem whether such loop rings have more than one S-idempotent. §1. Basic Results This paper has three sections. In section one, we give the basic notions about the loops Ln(m) and recall the definition of S-idempotents in rings. In section two, we establish the existence of S-idempotents in the loop ring ZtLn(m). In the final section, we suggest some interesting problems based on our study. Here we just give the basic notions about the loops Ln(m) and the definition of S-idempotents in rings. Definition 1.1 [4]. Let R be a ring. An element x ∈ R \ {0} is said to be a Smarandach
Impact of Yagya Therapy on Pulmonary Functions among College Students
No full textIntroduction:The study was performed to analyze the effect of Yagya therapy on pulmonary functions among healthy college students.Methods:A total of 40 male participants were randomly selected and divided into two groups, i.e., the experimental group (n = 20) and the control group (n = 20). Participant’s age was ranged between 18 and 30 years (group age mean ± standard deviation = 22.20 ± 2.14 years). The experimental group performed Yagya in two sessions (morning and evening) every day for 34 days. Each session was for 30 min. The outcome measured assessed was (i) forced vital capacity (FVC), (ii) forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), (iii) peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and (iv) maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) at baseline and post.Results:The paired sample t-test showed that there was a significant increase in FVC, FEV1, and MVV for both experimental group and control group. The magnitude of change in FEV1 and MVV was little higher in the experimental group. The PEFR showed no significant changes in both groups. Independent sample t-test also showed no significant effect in favor of any assessed variables of both groups.Conclusions:The findings of the study indicate that the practice of Yagya shows slight or almost the same effect on pulmonary functions of the experimental as well as in the control groups. Hence, we can conclude that Yagya has no such specific improvement in pulmonary functions compared to usual care. Furthermore, larger-scale and well-designed randomized controlled trials should be highly encouraged to analyze the effect
Corrigendum: A Severe Lack of Evidence Limits Effective Conservation of the World's Primates
No full textIn the originally published version of this article, the author's name, Kathy Slater, was incorrectly spelt in the author list and within the “Author Biographical” section. This has now been corrected online.Additional co-authors: Fabiano R de MELO, P Fan, Cyril C Grueter, Diana C Guzmán-Caro, Eckhard W Heymann, Ilka Herbinger, Minh D Hoang, Robert H Horwich, Tatyana Humle, Rachel A Ikemeh, Inaoyom S Imong, Leandro Jerusalinsky, Steig E Johnson, Peter M Kappeler, Maria Cecília M Kierulff, Inza Koné, Rebecca Kormos, Khac Q LE, Baoguo Li, Andrew J Marshall, Erik Meijaard, Russel A Mittermeier, Yasuyuki Muroyama, Eleonora Neugebauer, Lisa Orth, Erwin Palacios, Sarah K Papworth, Andrew J Plumptre, Ben M Rawson, Johannes Refisch, Jonah Ratsimbazafy, Christian Roos, Joanna M Setchell, Rebecca K Smith, Tene Sop, Christoph Schwitzer, Kathy Slater, Shirley C Strum, William J Sutherland, Maurício Talebi, Janette Wallis, Serge Wich, Roman M Wittig, Hjalmar S Küh
First Measurement of Λ Electroproduction off Nuclei in the Current and Target Fragmentation Regions
No full textWe report results of Λ hyperon production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering off deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets obtained with the CLAS detector and the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility 5.014 GeV electron beam. These results represent the first measurements of the Λ multiplicity ratio and transverse momentum broadening as a function of the energy fraction (z) in the current and target fragmentation regions. The multiplicity ratio exhibits a strong suppression at high z and an enhancement at low z. The measured transverse momentum broadening is an order of magnitude greater than that seen for light mesons. This indicates that the propagating entity interacts very strongly with the nuclear medium, which suggests that propagation of diquark configurations in the nuclear medium takes place at least part of the time, even at high z. The trends of these results are qualitatively described by the Giessen Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model, particularly for the multiplicity ratios. These observations will potentially open a new era of studies of the structure of the nucleon as well as of strange baryons
Tunneling spectroscopy of magnetic tunnel junctions
No full textDrewello V. Tunneling spectroscopy of magnetic tunnel junctions. Bielefeld (Germany): Bielefeld University; 2010.In this thesis, magnetic tunnel junctions based on MgO barriers have been prepared and investigated. Different aspects were discussed, in order to understand the physical limitations to the TMR ratio of the MTJs and, hence, their performance as a basis of spintronic devices
Smarandache Idempotents in finite ring Zn and in Group Ring ZnG
No full textAbstract In this paper we analyze and study the Smarandache idempotents (S-idempotents) in the ring Zn and in the group ring ZnG of a finite group G over the finite ring Zn. We have shown the existance of Smarandache idempotents (S-idempotents) in the ring Zn when n = 2 m p (or 3p), where p is a prime> 2 (or p a prime> 3). Also we have shown the existance of Smarandache idempotents (S-idempotents) in the group ring Z2G and Z2Sn where n = 2 m p (p a prime of the form 2 m t + 1). This paper has 4 sections. In section 1, we just give the basic definition of S-idempotents in rings. In section 2, we prove the existence of S-idempotents in the ring Zn where n = 2mp, m ∈ N and p is an odd prime. We also prove the existence of S-idempotents for the ring Zn where n is of the form n = 3p, p is a prime greater than 3. In section 3, we prove the existence o
Planejamento territorial em Angra dos Reis: entre o modelo autoritário e o modelo participativo
No full textO presente trabalho se trata de um estudo sobre planejamento urbano, contudo sobre seu âmago conflitual, focando em analisar o paradigma de planejamento autoritário e tecnocrático centralizado no Estado e uma tentativa de um novo paradigma mais democrático e participativo distribuído pela sociedade em seus mais diversos agentes e escalas de ação e poder. A fim de se delinear este percurso investigativo sobre paradigmas contrários do método de se planejar, discutir e projetar o espaço urbano, este tema será analisado no estudo de caso do município de Angra dos Reis, no litoral sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A escolha da cidade de Angra dos Reis se justifica por dois motivos: primeiramente por ser a cidade de origem do autor da pesquisa, com a qual há uma relação de afeto e facilidade de identificação de lugares e processos sociais e históricos locais; segundo por ter sido uma das cidades brasileiras que passou por um processo mais intenso da transição de um modelo autoritário, que impôs um desenvolvimento territorial voltado ao desenvolvimento industrial de grande porte e turístico de luxo promovido pela abertura da Rodovia Rio-Santos, para um modelo democrático participativo de concepção do espaço da cidade.This monography is a study on urban planning, in fact on its conflicting core, focusing
on analyzing the paradigm of authoritarian and technocratic planning centralized in the State
and an attempt at a new, more democratic and participatory paradigm distributed throughout
society in its most diverse agents. and scales of action and power. In order to outline this
investigative path on opposing paradigms on the method of planning, discussing and
designing urban space, this topic will be analyzed in the case study of the municipality of
Angra dos Reis, on the south coast of Rio de Janeiro State. The choice of the city of Angra
dos Reis is justified for two reasons: firstly because it is the city of origin of the research
author, with which there is a relationship of affection and ease of identification of places and
local social and historical processes; secondly because it was one of the Brazilian cities that
went through a more intense process of transition from an authoritarian model, which
imposed territorial development to the large-scale industrial and luxury tourist development
promoted by the opening of the Rio-Santos Highway, to a democratic model participatory
design of city space66 f
Differential Cross Section for γ d →ωd Using CLAS at Jefferson Lab
No full textThe cross section for coherent ω-meson photoproduction off the deuteron has been measured for the first time as a function of the momentum transfer t=(Pγ−Pω)2 and photon energy Eγ using the CLAS detector at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The cross sections are measured in the energy range 1.4 γ\u3c3.4 GeV. A model based on ω−N rescattering is consistent with the data at low and intermediate momentum transfer, |t|. For 2.8 γ\u3c3.4 GeV, the total cross-section of ω−N scattering, based on fits within the framework of the Vector Meson Dominance model, is in the range of 30–40 mb
Differential Cross Sections for Lambda(1520) Using Photoproduction at CLAS.
No full textThe reaction γp→K+Λ(1520) using photoproduction data from the CLAS g12 experiment at Jefferson Lab is studied. The decay of Λ(1520) into two exclusive channels, Σ+π− and Σ−π+, is studied from the detected K+, π+, and π− particles. A good agreement is established for the Λ(1520)differential cross sections with the previous CLAS measurements. The differential cross sections as a function of center-of-mass angle are extended to higher photon energies. Newly added are the differential cross sections as a function of invariant four-momentum transfer t, which is the natural variable to use for a theoretical model based on a Regge-exchange reaction mechanism. No new N∗resonances decaying into the K+Λ(1520) final state are found
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