1,721,025 research outputs found
RCRA 2007: Experimental evaluation of algorithms for solving problems with combinatorial explosion
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Fundamenta Informaticae: Preface
No full textAfter the enthusiasm of the fifties and early sixties, during which famous scientists predicted that
computers would soon equal the human mind, Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) researchers had to face a bitter
reality: many of the problems in A.I. have a combinatorial structure which requires the exploration of
an exponential search space. The theory of NP-completeness added further discouragement to the great
expectations of the previous decades. On the other hand, in the following years there was a plethora of
new methodologies to address combinatorial problems that were published. Despite the discouraging
complexity proofs based on worst-case analyses, practical algorithms were often able to address and
solve real problems in reasonable time.
Often, similar problems are solved with similar techniques in different branches of A.I., rediscovering the same solutions many times. Reducing this waste of energy is one of the aims of the RCRA group (Ragionamento Automatico e Rappresentazione della Conoscenza), the interest group of
the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence (AI*IA) on knowledge representation and automated
reasoning, which organises its annual meetings since 1994. Since the 2005 edition it has focussed on
the theme of algorithms in A.I., proposing benchmarks to compare them and evaluating the efficiency
through experimental evaluation. These meetings have reached the objective to put together researchers
coming from A.I. fields as diverse as constraint satisfaction, machine learning, logic languages, quanti-
fied satisfiability, and planning, just to name a few. The event has gained more and more interest, first
from the Italian community, then from the international one. In 2008 the workshop was co-located with
the International Conference on Logic Programming and repeated the success of the previous years.
This special issue proposes extended versions of a selection of the papers presented at RCRA 2008.
The authors of the 18 papers selected for presentation at the workshop had the opportunity to submit
to this issue and 8 were selected for publication
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
RCRA 05: giornata di lavoro su analisi sperimentale e benchmark di algoritmi per l'intelligenza artificiale
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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