2,970 research outputs found
Anatoma jansenae Geiger, 2006, new species
No full textAnatoma jansenae new species: Figure 18 Anatoma SWA: Jansen 1999: 50, figs. 16–18. Anatoma australis partim: Geiger & Jansen 2004 a: fig. 5 (A. jansenae), not figs. 3–4 (A. australis). Type material. Holotype (AMS C. 402717). Paratypes (AMS C.450272, 7; AMS C.402720, 7; AMS C.402721, 1). Type locality. 238 – 183 m, SW of Cape Naturaliste, Western Australia, Australia, 33.742 °S, 114.435 °E. Etymology. Named after Patty Jansen, New South Wales, Australia, who first recognized the distinctness of the species, and for her contributions to the knowledge of Australian micromolluscs. Description. Shell trochiform globular, medium size (to 2.5 mm). Protoconch of 0.75 whorls, with flocculant sculpture, apertural varix not connected to embryonic cap, apertural margin somewhat sinusoid. Teleoconch I of 0.75 whols, 17–21 distinct axials, spiral of same strength as axial in position of selenizone. Teleoconch II of up to 2.25 whorls. Shoulder somewhat convex, approximately 75 distinct axials on last whorl, 12–18 fine spirals forming at intersection with axials minute, dull points. Base with similar sculpture as shoulder, approximately 20 somewhat stronger spirals; spirals always cords, not as shingles. Umbilicus narrow, continuously sloping with base. Selenizone at periphery, keels moderately strong, moderately elevated; slit open margins converging towards apertural rim. Aperture rounded in lower portion, suborbicular under shoulder. Differential diagnosis. Anatoma australis (Hedley, 1903: Fig. 19) from the eastern Australia has coarser sculpture on the base, particularly with a decrease in density of the spirals in the third closest to the umbilicus; adumbilical margin of adumbilical spirals usually not fully differentiated from surface giving shinglelike appearance. Anatoma tobeyoides Geiger & Jansen, 2004 from southeastern Australia lacks the protoconch varix, and on teleoconch I of less than 0.5 whorls lacks a spiral cord in the position of the selenizone. Anatoma funiculata Geiger & Jansen, 2004 from Queensland is less globular and more angular in overall shape, has a teleoconch I of approximately 0.5 whorls, and a distinct shell strand (funiculus) running into the umbilicus. Distribution. Western Australia, Coral Sea. Specimen records. Coral Sea. 6 m, Saumarez Reef, 21.817 °S, 153.667 °E (AMS C.402669, 1). Timor Sea. 27 m, Sahul Banks, 11.5 °S, 125.5 °E (AMS C.377600, 1). Australia, Western Australia. 75 m, Off Albany, 35.240 °S, 118.342 °E (AMS C.378550, 7). 158 m, Great Australian Bight, E of Hood Point, 34.417 °S, 121.333 °E (AMS C.378551, 2). South Cowaramup, 33.883 °S, 114.983 °E (AMS C.379071, 7). 238 – 183 m, SW of Cape Naturaliste, 33.742 °S, 114.435 °E (AMS C.402717, 1: holotype; AMS C.ex. C.402717, 7: paratypes). 155 m, NW of Bunbury, 33.250 °S, 114.617 °E (AMS C.402719, 1). 200–221 m, NW of Bunbury, 33.000 °S, 114.617 °E (AMS C.402747, 6). 176–182 m, W of Garden Island, 32.262 °S, 115.112 °E (AMS C.402741, 1). 210–212 m, W of Garden Island, 32.250 °S, 115.117 °E (AMS C.402750, 2). Minim Cove, Mosman Park, Swan River, 32.017 °S, 115.767 °E (AMS C.379070, 1). 116 m, off Rottnest Island, 31.673 °S, 115.198 °E (AMS C.378552, 8). 160 m, off Rottnest Island, 31.650 °S, 115.080 °E (AMS C.402749, 1). 110 m, off Rottnest Island, 31.630 °S, 115.178 °E (AMS C.378549, 3). 732 m, W of Rottnest Island, 31.083 °S, 114.767 °E (AMS C.402751, 1). 237–274 m, W of Green Head, 30.750 °S, 114.767 °E (AMS C.402748, 1). 238–247 m, off Cervantes Island, 30.533 °S, 114.683 °E (AMS C.402752, 2). 256 – 192 m, NW of Cervantes, 30.500 °S, 114.633 °E (AMS C.402718, 10). 223–245 m, off Jurien Bay, 30.133 °S, 114.500 °E (AMS C.402745, 1). 197–219 m, NW of Green Head, 29.967 °S, 114.450 °E (AMS C.402721, 1: paratype). 183 m, NW of Beagle Island, 29.725 °S, 114.333 °E (AMS C.402746, 1). 274–283 m, NW of Beagle Island, 29.717 °S, 114.283 °E (AMS C.402720, 7: paratypes). 146 m, W of Dongara, 29.350 °S, 114.117 °E (AMS C.402742, 1). 219 m, W.of Dongara, 29.183 °S, 113.900 °E (AMS C.402744, 1). 183 m, W of Dongara, 29.142 °S, 113.913 °E (AMS C.402743, 1). Point Quobba, N of Carnarvon, 24.483 °S, 113.417 °E (AMS C.379976, 1). 108 m, Off North West Cape, 22.705 °S, 113.540 °E (AMS C.402644, 1; 402645, 1). 2 m, Ningaloo Reef, off Neds Camp, 21.992 °S, 113.908 °E (AMS C.377284, 2). 238 m, North West Shelf, ca 230 ml W Roebuck Bay, 18.500 °S, 118.050 °E (AMS C.402676, 1). Remarks. Geiger & Jansen (2004) noted that there was no consistent difference in the eastern and western specimens of A. australis and Anatoma “SWA” of Jansen (1999). Recent re–examination of the material showed the above indicated subtle differences. Anatoma munieri (Fischer, 1862): Figure 20 Scissurella munieri Fischer October 1, 1862: 390–391, not illustrated. Scissurella munieri: Munier Chalmas 1865: 397. Scissurella munieri: Fischer 1867: 305, 468, pl,. 9, fig. 4 [The figure caption on plate 9 for figure 4 reads Scissurella munieriana, an error noted on the errata page 468 of the volume]. Scissurella munieri: Paetel 1888: 289. Scissurella munieri: Pilsbry 1890: 54. Scissurella munieri: Thiele 1912: 14 –15. scissurellid: Bandel 1991: pl. 2, fig. 7. Scissurella munieri: Higo & Goto 1993: 15. Scissurella ? munieri: Geiger 2003: 77. Synonyms + Anatomus turbinatus A. Adams November, 1862: 347–348, not illustrated. Type material. Holotype (BMNH 1874.5. 19.62. Higo et al. 2001: G 82), 2.5 mm. Type locality. Minosima, [= Mishima Island, Hagi City, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan (34.767 °N, 131.166 E): see also Kawamoto and Tanabe (1956)] 63 fms. [= 115 m] (OD). Etymology. Turbinatus: Latin adjective: that which whirls; whirlwind, tornado; spinning top; spiral. Referring to the high spired shell shape. Scissurella turbinata: Crosse 1863: 109. Scissurella turbinata: Paetel 1888: 289. Anatomus turbinatus: Pilsbry 1890: 59. Scissurella turbinata: Pilsbry 1895: 106. Scissurella turbinata: Thiele 1912: 15, pl. 2, figs. 9–10 [after a specimen in the British Museum: type?]. Schizotrochus turbinatus: Habe 1951: 68, pl. 11, figs. 12–13. Scissurella turbinata: Kuroda & Habe 1952: 85. Scissurella (Schizotrochus) turbinata: Kawamoto & Tanabe 1956: 3, pl. 2, fig. 11 [copy figure Thiele 1912. fide T. Sasaki pers. comm. 2005]. Anatoma turbinata: Habe & Kosuge, 1964: 4. Anatoma turbinata: Higo 1973: 13. Anatoma turbinata: Tsuchida et al. 1991: 5 –6, pl. 1, figs. 2 –3, 5. Anatoma turbinata: Higo & Goto 1993: 15. Anatoma turbinata: Yu &Feng 1996: pl. 1,figs. 1–4. Anatoma turbinata: Okutani & Hasegawa 2000: 37, fig. 5. Anatoma turbinata: Higo et al. 2001: G 82 [holotype]. Anatoma turbinata: Geiger 2003: 74. Anatoma turbinata: Geiger & Jansen 2004 a: 18 –21. figs. 9 –10, 18 [map]. Anatoma turbinata: Geiger 2004: textfig. p. 5. Misidentifications Anatoma agulhasensis: Bandel 1998: 34 –35, pl. 11, figs. 4–6. [is A. munieri]. Anatoma agulhasensis: Jansen 1999: 48,figs. 1–3. [is A. munieri]. not Scissurella turbinata: Yokoyama (1924: 35–36, pl. 5, fig. 21) [is Sci. staminea. Fide Oyama 1973: 10. plate reprinted in Taki & Oyama 1954: pl. 42: shows Sci. staminea. Specimen in UMUT CM 21891 fide T. Sasaki pers. comm. 2005). Type material. Syntypes (MNHN, 2), 1.5 x 1.66 mm. Lectotype here designated (see remarks). Type locality. Seas of China, in bottom sands (OD). Etymology. Named after E. Munier Chalmas (OD). Description and differential diagnosis. The species was recently treated by Geiger & Jansen (2004 a) as A. turbinata. Remarks. Anatoma munieri and A. turbinata are clearly synonymous. Supporting characters include the overall turreted shape of the shell, the strong constriction below the selenizone with a subsequent spiral edge, a minor spiral edge on the base 0.66 towards the umbilicus, the shell ornamentation showing a regular reticulate pattern composed of spiral and axial cord, and the open umbilicus, which slopes continuously with the base. Anatoma munieri has only one month priority over A. turbinata. The date on the first page of the issue in which Sci. munieri was described, agrees with the publication dates given by Winckworth (1936). Although the latter species name is somewhat better known, the general rule of priority should be enforced in this case. It is not possible to apply the nomen oblitum/protectum rules, because munieri has been used as a valid species after 1900. FischerPiette (1950: 69) indicated there to be a holotype and one paratype. The holotype was not specifically designated in the original description, hence, the two specimens constitute syntypes. The subsequent holotype indication can not be viewed as a lectotype designation (ICZN Art. 74.5). The specimen shown in Figure 20 A is here designated as the lectotype with the express purpose of taxon stabilization in case other nonconspecific syntypes should be located. Bandel (1991) showed an unidentified “scissurellid”, which is here identified as A. munieri. Bandel (1998: 42) referred in his discussion of Hainella pulchella (= A. pulchella: see Geiger, 2003 for discussion of generic taxa) to an illustration in his 1991 publication that illustrated the species with a specimen from Cebu. There was no specific reference to pagination, plate or figure number, and three Bandel (1991) references were used, but only one dealing with specimens from the Philippines: Bandel (1991) of this contribution. Although A. pulchella is very distinct from A. munieri, it is likely that the reference by Bandel (1998) was a lapsus calami.Published as part of Geiger, Daniel L., 2006, Eight new species of Scissurellidae and Anatomidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda) from around the world, with discussion of two new senior synonyms, pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 1128 on pages 24-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27335
Scissurella nesbittae Geiger & Goedert 2020, n. sp.
No full textScissurella nesbittae n. sp. (Fig. 1) ZooBank LSID [ According to Richard Pyle of ZooBank, Zootaxa arranges for ZooBank registrations]. Type material. Holotype SBMNH 467092. Paratypes SBMNH 637694 (11 specimens), UWBM 112001 – 112005, from type locality. An additional 10 specimens UWBM 112006 – 112015. Type locality. LACMIP locality 41621 (= UCMP loc. 3607); Gries Ranch Formation, latest Eocene or earliest Oligocene, 33–34 Ma (latest Priabonian or earliest Rupelian) (Prothero & Burns 2001). South bank of Cowlitz River at the bend, east half of the SW ¼ of Sec. 24, T. 11 N. R. 2 W., at site of the old Gries Ranch, Lewis County, Washington. The scissurellid fossils are from silty sandstone directly below the thick oyster bed in the eastern part of the outcrop. GPS coordinates: 46.4188º N, 122.8788º W. Etymology. Named for Elizabeth A. Nesbitt for her contributions to stratigraphy and paleontology of the Pacific Northwest. Description. Shell to at least 1 mm (based on shell remnants on base of holotype), trochiform, suture below periphery of previous whorl. Protoconch of 0.75 whorls, fine axials, apertural varix connected to embryonic cap, apertural margin sinusoid. Teleoconch I of 1.125 whorls, about 22 axial cords, interstices with finest lamellar growth lines; first fine spiral thread after 1–2 axial cords, five at onset of selenizone. Teleoconch II of at least 1.75 whorls (based on shell remnants on base of holotype), shoulder with similar sculpture as on teleoconch I, about five spiral lines irregularly spaced between suture and selenizone. Selenizone slightly above periphery; keels of moderate strength, elevation. Base without constriction below selenizone, with axial cords similar to shoulder, spiral lines increasing in strength towards umbilicus, in vicinity of umbilicus forming small nodes at intersection with axial cords. Umbilicus narrow, distinct funiculus. Comparisons. Sinezona malloryi (Squires & Goedert, 1996) from middle early Eocene rocks in Washington has a distinct constriction of the base below the selenizone, and the suture is above the periphery of the previous whorl. Sinezona cupelliformis (Amitrov, 1996) from Eocene strata of Ukraine has many more axials. Scissurella aliceae Schnetler, Lozouet & Pacaud, 2001, from Paleocene rocks in Denmark has a sunken protoconch, a much wider selenizone, and stronger spiral sculpture on the shoulder. Scissurella bituminata Beets, 1942, from Oligocene (or late Miocene, see Janssen 1999) deposits in Indonesia has a distinct constriction below the selenizone, and more distinct and regular spiral sculpture. Scissurella depontailleri Cossmann, 1879, including its various synonyms (Geiger 2012), of Paleocene through Miocene age from Europe has regular spiral sculpture on the base. Scissurella marchmontensis Sohl, 1992, from Late Cretaceous rocks of the Caribbean has a distinct constriction on the base below the selenizone and prosocline axials. Remarks. The generic assignment to Scissurella is tentative because no complete mature specimens are known. Protoconch sculpture had been considered a means to diagnose scissurellid genera, but it has been shown to be highly variable (Geiger 2003, 2012).Published as part of Geiger, Daniel L. & Goedert, James L., 2020, Scissurella nesbittae, new species, from the Gries Ranch Formation, Lewis County Washington State (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Scissurellidae), pp. 593-596 in Zootaxa 4759 (4) on pages 593-595, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.4.11, http://zenodo.org/record/374099
Thieleella peruviana Geiger & Mclean, 2010, n. sp.
No full textThieleella peruviana n. sp. Figures 20–22 Type material. Holotype (UF 383672, shell, mounted soft parts with radula removed, mounted radula). Four paratypes (UF 424420, fluid preserved shells with preserved bodies), from type locality. Type locality. 991–1015 m, off Northern Peru [approximately 175 km WNW of Trujillo], Peru-Chile Trench, Peru, 7.983 ˚S, 80.617 ˚W. Etymology. Named after its provenance from off Peru. Description. Shell medium size for genus (up to 3.0 mm), trochoid globular. Protoconch of 0.75 whorls, reticulate sculpture, (see arrows on Fig. 20) condition of apertural varix and shape of apertural margin unknown. TI of 1 whorl, approximately 42 fine axial cords, spiral cord in position of selenizone. TII of 2.5 whorls, suture impressed, below periphery of previous whorl. Shoulder convex, approximately 43 axial cords on first whorl, spiral lines starting at onset of selenizone, approximately 10 after 1 whorl, 12 at apertural margin of holotype, slightly irregularly spaced between suture and selenizone. Base with slight constriction below selenizone, 1.5 times as many axials cords as on shoulder, approximately 28 spiral lines stronger than on shoulder, forming points at intersection with axials. Umbilicus narrow, weak funiculus. Aperture D-shaped with columellar portion almost straight. Selenizone slightly above periphery; keels moderately strong, moderately elevated; lunules irregular, distinct; slit with parallel margins. Operculum covering aperture, corneous, thin, round, multispiral, nucleus central. Radula: rachidian tooth triangular, cusp with central denticle larges, 4–5 denticles on each side, decreasing in size laterally. Lateral teeth 1–3 similar, decreasing in size two fold, 4,4, 3 denticles on outer edge of cusp, respectively. Lateral tooth 4 reduced, hook-shaped. Lateral tooth 5 enlarged by broadening, cusp with penultimate denticle largest, one smaller one on outer edge, five on inner edge, decreasing in size towards base. Marginal teeth hook-shaped with many small denticles on each side. Radular interlock of central field moderate. Body pale cream in color. Head with non-papillate cephalic tentacles (ct), no eyestalk or eye, suboptic tentacle (ct) present, accessory cephalic tentacle (act). Four epipodial tentacles (et), biserially papillate on anterior and posterior edge, apical papillary tuft. Possible epipodial sense organ (ESO) on ventral base of second epipodial tentacle [or base of broken secondary ramus of epipodial tentacle?]. Opercular attachment (oa) with scale-like muscle fibres. Two mantle tentacles at posterior convergence of mantle slit. Differential diagnosis. This is the first record of any anatomid from the Peruvian coastline. It differs from T. baxteri from the Pacific Northwest by the turreted shape (lenticular in T. baxteri), TI of 1 whorl (0.66 in T. baxteri), and the less distinct axial cords (raised lamellae in T. baxteri). The comparison is based on examination of the holotype of T. baxteri by SEM, plus conspecific material as identified by comparison to holotype. Thieleella kelseyi from the Pacific North-West shares the overall trochoid-turreted shape, and the overall sculptural pattern. The difference in TI whorls (0.66 in T. peruviana, 0.75 in T. kelseyi) is not diagnostic as intraspecific variability is known to be ± 0.125 whorls (Geiger 2003). The overall shell shape is less turreted in T. kelseyi, with the suture being only one width of the selenizone below the selenizone, whereas in T. peruviana that space is up to three times as wide. Although the position of the suture descends with growth, the distinction holds particularly for larger specimens (3 mm). The axials are about twice as dense in T. kelseyi, particularly towards the apertural margin of large specimens (3 mm). Furthermore, the radula shows some striking dissimilarities, particularly in the shape of lateral tooth 5. While it is broad with five denticles on inner margin in T. peruviana, it is more elongated with approximately 12 denticles on the inner margin in T. kelseyi. Although the individual distinctions may each appear slight, in conjunction they allow for a clear separation of the two taxa. Thieleella bathypacifica n. sp. from deep water west of Central America, has on TI a strong spiral cord in the position of the selenizone where the shell profile shows a distinct angle and has fewer (15 vs. 42) and stronger axial cords on TI, while T. peruviana has only a fine spiral line, does not show an angle in the shell’s profile, and has more (42 vs. 15) and finer axial cords on TI.Published as part of Geiger, Daniel L. & Mclean, James H., 2010, New species and records of Scissurellidae and Anatomidae from the Americas (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda), pp. 1-35 in Zootaxa 2356 on pages 28-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27564
Anatoma funiculata Geiger & Jansen 2004, new species
No full text<i>Anatoma funiculata</i> new species: Figures 7–8, 18 <p> <b>Type material</b>. HOLOTYPE (AMS C.403660). PARATYPES (AMS C.205271 [ex AMS C.403660], 1. AMS C.402656, 1).</p> <p> <b>Type locality</b>. 21 m, SW side Euston Reef, GBR, QLD, Australia, 16.667°S, 146.217°E.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>. Funiculus, Latin: strand of material, referring to the thick spiral cord in the umbilicus.</p> <p> <b>Description</b>: Shell globular, small to medium size (to 1.28 mm width: holotype). Protoconch 3/4 whorl, with flocculant sculpture, one or two faint spiral streaks, no varix. Teleoconch I 1/3 whorl, 8 axials, no spirals, interaxials smooth. Teleoconch II up to two whorls (holotype), axials 75 on body whorl of holotype; shoulder with 7 spirals, base with 15 spirals, both forming points at intersection with axials. Umbilicus open, deep, sloping continuously from base; funiculus in umbilicus fusing with apertural margin. Selenizone at periphery, keels distinct. Slit parallel, open anteriorly. Aperture rounded, somewhat flared, with shelf towards umbilicus fusing with umbilical funiculus. Animal unknown.</p> <p> <b>Differential diagnosis</b>. <i>Thieleella equatoria</i> is similar in overall shape and sculpture, however, <i>T. equatoria</i> has a protoconch with reticulate sculpture, teleoconch I of more than 0.5 whorls, a wider umbilicus, and more numerous and stronger axials. <i>Anatoma australis</i> is more globular in overall shape, has a teleoconch I of more than 0.5 whorls and with spiral sculpture, and lacks the funicular strand in the umbilicus. <i>Anatoma tobeyoides</i> n. sp. is more globular in outline, has the irregular centrifugal markings on teleoconch I, less pronounced keels on the selenizone, and lacks the funicular strand in the umbilicus. <i>Anatoma aupouria</i> is wider in overall outline of the shell, has more numerous spirals on the shoulder, more axials on the base, the base axials showing the characteristic opisthocline loops/embayments. <i>Anatoma turbinata</i> is much more high­spired, has a teleoconch I of more than 0.5 whorls with spiral sculpture, and lacks the funicular strand in the umbilicus.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. Only known from the type locality (GBR, QLD, Australia).</p> <p> <b>Specimen records</b>. 27 m, N end Carter Reef, GBR, QLD, Australia, 14.55°S, 145.6°E (AMS C.402656: paratype).</p>Published as part of <i>Geiger, Daniel L. & Jansen, Patty, 2004, Revision of the Australian species of Anatomidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda), pp. 1-35 in Zootaxa 415 (415)</i> on pages 15-18, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.415.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5228320">http://zenodo.org/record/5228320</a>
Coronadoa demisispira Geiger & Mclean, 2010, n. sp.
No full text<i>Coronadoa demisispira</i> n. sp. <p>Figure 9</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype (LACM 3113: Fig. 9 C). Paratypes: 26–40 m, Farnsworth Bank, off S side of Catalina Island, California, USA, 33.350˚N, 118.517˚W (LACM 3114); 13–30 m, Cortez Bank, 0.5 mile south of Bishop Rock, California, USA, 32.433˚N, 119.125˚W (LACM 3115: Fig. 9 A–B). All LACM type material leg. J. McLean.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> 26–40 m, Farnsworth Bank, off S side of Catalina Island, California, USA, 33.350˚N, 118.517˚W.</p> <p> <b>Additional material examined</b>. 10–23 m, NW side of Guadalupe Island, (Pilot Rock and 5 miles S), Baja California, Mexico, 29.188˚N, 118.253˚W (LACM 72-121, 1). 20–26 m, SW side Natividad Island, Baja California, Mexico, 27.888˚N, 115.212˚W (LACM 72-117, 1). 13–17 m, 5 fathom Bank about 4 miles SW of SE tip of Cedros Island, outer coast Baja California, Mexico, 27.983˚N, 115.212˚W (LACM 71-93, 2). 26 m, San Miguel Island, California, USA, 34.020˚N, 120.402˚W (DLG 1131, 1). 46 m, off Santa Cruz Island, California, USA, 34.056˚N, 119.961˚W (DLG 1263, 3).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> demisi-: Latin for sunken; -spira: Latin for spire. Referring to the flat spire of the species.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Shell small (to 0.75 mm), trochiform depressed. Protoconch of 0.875 whorls, embryonic cap without sculpture, remainder with strong axial ribs, no apertural varix, apertural margin prosocline. Teleoconch of 1.5 whorls, 11–13 raised axial cords, indistinct at suture and towards umbilicus, most pronounced at periphery, interstices with irregular axial growth marks; no spiral sculpture. Umbilicus open, occasionally undersurface of protoconch visible, bordered by knobby carina towards base. Aperture subquadratic D-shaped, lower adumbilical corner pronounced, forming knobby carina of umbilicus. Operculum thin, round, multispiral, nucleus central.</p> <p> <b>Differential diagnosis.</b> The sympatric <i>C. simonsae</i> Bartsch, 1946 (Fig. 9 A–B and Fig. 10 A,C; Fig. 9 C and Fig. 10 B) is proportionally taller (width to height: <i>simonsae</i> mean = 1.28, SD = 0.047, n = 4; <i>demisispira</i> mean = 1.79, SD = 0.22, n = 4; t-test t = -4.36, p = 0.022). As a corollary, its umbilicus is wider, and tends to have fewer axial cords per unit whorl. The degree of axial sculpturing is variable in both species, from distinct cords to raised lamellae. <i>Coronadoa hasegawai</i> Geiger & Sasaki, 2009, from temperate Japan is as tall as <i>C. simonsae</i>.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Coronadoa demisispira</i> is much less common than <i>C. simonsae</i>; if the two species are present in the same lot, <i>C. demisispira</i> comprises at most 10% of <i>C. simonsae</i> specimens. This skewed ratio suggests that the two are not dimorphic males and females of the same species. In general, Vetigastropoda show a male:female ratio of close to 1:1 (Bretos <i>et al</i>. 1985, Hooker & Creese 1995, Wells & Malay 1995), although there are no data on Scissurellidae s.l.</p>Published as part of <i>Geiger, Daniel L. & Mclean, James H., 2010, New species and records of Scissurellidae and Anatomidae from the Americas (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda), pp. 1-35 in Zootaxa 2356</i> on pages 12-15, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/275645">10.5281/zenodo.275645</a>
The Revitalisation of the Object and Purpose of the TRIPS Agreement: The Plain Packaging Reports and the Awakening of the TRIPS Flexibility Clauses
No full textThe limited role the objectives and principles of the TRIPS Agreement (Articles 7 and 8) have played so far in the interpretation and implementation of its substantive provisions has often been criticised. The WTO Panel and Appellate Body Reports in the “Australia - Plain Packaging” dispute are likely to change this situation for the future, as for the first time the WTO dispute settlement bodies fully engage with Articles 7 and 8 of TRIPS to interpret Article 20 relative to the use of trademarks. It is indeed the reliance on these two provisions that allows the Panel and the Appellate Body to conclude that there are legitimate reasons for which Members may encumber trademark use. The awakening of these two provisions that have long remained dormant in the Agreement could have a fundamental impact in offering the possibility of a more flexible reading of TRIPS. It could indeed secure the adaptability of intellectual property rights to the evolution of economic, technological and social circumstances by guaranteeing a more balanced interpretation of the limitations and exceptions included in the Agreement, as advocated for example several years ago by a group of international IP scholars in the “Declaration on a balanced interpretation of the three-step test”. Furthermore, the use of these two provisions could serve as a gateway for the taking into account ethical imperatives supported by international human rights in the interpretation of the TRIPS norms. If such a reading has been advocated in the past, the “Plain Packaging”- Reports might lead in the future to a more frequent and welcomed raising of human rights arguments in the context of international trade law
L-Arginine Modulates T Cell Metabolism and Enhances Survival and Anti-tumor Activity
No full textSummaryMetabolic activity is intimately linked to T cell fate and function. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we generated dynamic metabolome and proteome profiles of human primary naive T cells following activation. We discovered critical changes in the arginine metabolism that led to a drop in intracellular L-arginine concentration. Elevating L-arginine levels induced global metabolic changes including a shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation in activated T cells and promoted the generation of central memory-like cells endowed with higher survival capacity and, in a mouse model, anti-tumor activity. Proteome-wide probing of structural alterations, validated by the analysis of knockout T cell clones, identified three transcriptional regulators (BAZ1B, PSIP1, and TSN) that sensed L-arginine levels and promoted T cell survival. Thus, intracellular L-arginine concentrations directly impact the metabolic fitness and survival capacity of T cells that are crucial for anti-tumor responses
Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification
No full textAlthough now over 100 years old, the classification of climate originally formulated by Wladimir Köppen and modified by his collaborators and successors, is still in widespread use. It is widely used in teaching school and undergraduate courses on climate. It is also still in regular use by researchers across a range of disciplines as a basis for climatic regionalisation of variables and for assessing the output of global climate models. Here we have produced a new global map of climate using the Köppen-Geiger system based on a large global data set of long-term monthly precipitation and temperature station time series. Climatic variables used in the Köppen-Geiger system were calculated at each station and interpolated between stations using a two-dimensional (latitude and longitude) thin-plate spline with tension onto a 0.1&deg;&times;0.1&deg; grid for each continent. We discuss some problems in dealing with sites that are not uniquely classified into one climate type by the Köppen-Geiger system and assess the outcomes on a continent by continent basis. Globally the most common climate type by land area is BWh (14.2%, Hot desert) followed by Aw (11.5%, Tropical savannah). The updated world Köppen-Geiger climate map is freely available electronically in the Supplementary Material Section
Thieleella Bandel 1998
No full textThieleella Bandel, 1998 Thieleella Bandel, 1998: 35. + Pagodella Bandel, 1998: 2. [nomen nudum]. Type species. Scissurella amoena Thiele, 1912 (OD). Etymology. Named after Johannes Thiele (1860–1935: Bieler & Boss, 1991). Description. Identical to Anatoma, but protoconch with reticulate sculpture. Differential diagnosis. Thieleella has a protoconch with honeycomb pattern, whereas Anatoma is either smooth or with flocculent ornamentation. It is virtually impossible to distinguish members of these two genera under the light microscope. The recognition of Thieleella as distinct from Anatoma is debatable. There is only a single character, protoconch sculpture, that separates the two genera. In an exploratory phylogenetic analysis of shell and limited radular characters (no radular data available for any Thieleella species), the Thieleella species grouped together as a grade (Geiger, 2003). Additionally, in Scissurellinae, protoconch sculpture was demonstrated to be highly homoplastic, casting further doubt on the diagnostic value of protoconch sculpture used to recognize Thieleella. Thieleella is tentatively retained in agreement with actions taken by an other recent author (Marshall, 2002).Published as part of Geiger, Daniel L. & Jansen, Patty, 2004, Revision of the Australian species of Anatomidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda), pp. 1-35 in Zootaxa 415 (415) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.415.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/522832
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells : tissue localization, characterization, and heterogeneity
No full textAdipose tissue as a stem cell source is ubiquitously available and has several advantages compared to other sources. It is easily accessible in large quantities with minimal invasive harvesting procedure, and isolation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ASCs) yields a high amount of stem cells, which is essential for stem-cell-based therapies and tissue engineering. Several studies have provided evidence that ASCs in situ reside in a perivascular niche, whereas the exact localization of ASCs in native adipose tissue is still under debate. ASCs are isolated by their capacity to adhere to plastic. Nevertheless, recent isolation and culture techniques lack standardization. Cultured cells are characterized by their expression of characteristic markers and their capacity to differentiate into cells from meso-, ecto-, and entodermal lineages. ASCs possess a high plasticity and differentiate into various cell types, including adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, hepatocytes, neural cells, and endothelial and epithelial cells. Nevertheless, recent studies suggest that ASCs are a heterogeneous mixture of cells containing subpopulations of stem and more committed progenitor cells. This paper summarizes and discusses the current knowledge of the tissue localization of ASCs in situ, their characterization and heterogeneity in vitro, and the lack of standardization in isolation and culture methods
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