16 research outputs found
Etüülalkoholi intoksikatsiooni kliiniline pilt ja olulisemad biokeemilised muutused lastel
No full textVäitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone.Etanool on kõige enam kuritarvitatud aine nii Lääneriikides, kui ka Eestis. Rohke alkoholi tarvitamisega kaasnevad alkoholist tingitud probleemid ka lastel ja noorukitel.
Igapäevase haiglatöö seisukohast oli eesmärgiks uurida alkoholijoobes lastel esinevaid kliinilisi tunnuseid erinevatel joobe raskusastmetel ning kliinilise leiu korrelatsiooni seerumi alkoholi kontsentratsiooniga (SAC), juriidilisest aspektist oli oluline tuvastada seerumi ja vere alkoholi kontsentratsioonide suhe. Samuti oli uuringu eesmärkideks oli teha kindlaks ägeda alkoholi intoksikatsiooniga lastel elutähtsate analüütide (glükoos - Glu, laktaat - Lak, kaalium - K, naatrium - Na) muutuste esinemine ning muutuste seos alkoholi kontsentratsiooniga või hormonaalse (testosteroon, östradiool, progesteroon, kortisool) hetkeseisuga.
Uuringus osalesid 3 aasta jooksul (2005-2008) Tartu Ülikooli Lastekliinikusse või Tallinna Lastehaiglasse hospitaliseeritud alkoholijoobes lapsed, kellest kolme uuringuetappi jäi 226-264 last vanuses 8.4-17.9 aastat ning poiste:tüdrukute keskmise suhtega 1.46:1.
Alkoholi intoksikatsiooni kliinilises hindamises oli parimaks diagnostiliseks tunnuseks teadvuse häirumise tase, mis korreleerus hästi SAC-ga ning sage leid oli kõne- ja tasakaaluhäired. SAC alusel õige joobe raskusastme määramisel lastel oli tõhusus 67.7%. Arstid hindasid kliiniliselt alkoholijoobe raskemaks ühe astme võrra võrreldes alkoholi kontsentratsiooniga. Seerumi- ja vere alkoholi kontsentratsioonide suhe lastel oli 1.19:1. Uuringu tulemustena selgus, et plasma K, Na, Glu ja Lak taset võiks hinnata kõigil alkoholijoobes hospitaliseeritud lastel ning SAC >1.50 g/L korral peaks biokeemilisi muutusi hindama rutiinselt, kuna alkoholijoobes lastel võib esineda Lak ja Glu taseme tõusu ning K taseme langust erinevate SAC korral. Samas märkimisväärsed muutused on SAC juures üle 1.50 g/L ning esineda võib kriitilises väärtuses hüperlaktineemiat ja hüpokaleemiat.
Selgus ka, et alkoholijoobes lastel toimub kortisooli kontsentratsiooni suurenemine, mis seondub Glu ning tüdrukutel progesterooni taseme tõusuga.Ethanol is the most frequently abused drug in the Western countries, including in Estonia. Increasing alcohol consumption is accompanied by the growing problem of alcohol intake by children and adolescents.
Aim of the study was to study the prevalence of clinical signs in different alcohol intoxication levels and the correlation with the SAC. The legal purpose was to establish the ratio between serum and blood alcohol concentrations. The aims of the study were also the prevalence of vital biochemical (glucose - Glu, lactate - Lac, potassium - K, and sodium - Na) changes in children with acute alcohol intoxication (AAI), and to establish the impact of serum alcohol concentration (SAC) or hormonal (testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, cortisol) status on the biochemical changes.
In the research were all children with acute alcohol intoxication, who were hospitalised in Tartu University Children’s Clinic and Tallinn Children’s Hospital over a 3-year period (2005-2008). There were 226 to 264 children in the age 8.4-17.9 years, forming a male: female ratio of 1.46:1.
The severity of alteration of consciousness was the leading sign in the clinical evaluation of children with AAI, and correlated well to the SAC. Disturbances of speech and balance are also common in AAI. The average efficiency to diagnose the right AAI severity group, determined by the SAC, was 67.7% in AAI children. Clinically, doctors tended to estimate the severity of drunkenness to be one level more severe than determined by SAC. The serum and blood alcohol concentrations ratio of 1.19:1 was established, and should be used in children.
The most important results in the biochemistry were that plasma Glu, Lac, K and Na levels should be measured in all children hospitalized with AAI, and biochemical changes could be assessed in SAC above 1.50 g/L for hyperlactinaemia, hyperglycaemia and hypokalaemia.
Increased plasma cortisol level above reference values is also common finding in children with AAI, and cortisol correlated with plasma glucose level and in girls, with plasma progesterone concentration
Seleenimürgistus. Lahangujuhtude kirjeldus
No full text65aastane naine leiti kodust surnuna, eelmisel päeval oli leitud samast tema abikaasa – 62aastane mees. Mõlema surnukeha kohtuarstlikul lahangul jäi kahtlus raskmetallimürgistuse suhtes. Vere analüüsides leiti mõlema lahkunu vereproovis toksilistes väärtustes seleenisisaldus, mis oli otsene surmapõhjus. Lahanguleid oli mehel ja naisel sarnane: suu limaskestal oranžikaspunane õlijas aine, sarnane aine maos ja kaksteistsõrmikus, siseelundite oranžikas värvus ning dehüdreerunud välimus. Kohtuarstlikul lahangul sedastati lisaks veel mehel maksatsirroos ja hepatiit, alkoholi kontsentratsioon veres oli 1,56 mg/g (‰). Päev hiljem surnud naisel esines rasvmaks ja steatohepatiit, alkoholi kontsentratsioon veres oli 0,34 mg/g (‰).Kirjanduse andmetel esineb inimestel ägedat seleenimürgistust äärmiselt harva ja teadaolevalt pole seda varem Eestis diagnoositud. Ägeda seleenimürgistuse korral võivad esineda tugev kõhuvalu, profuusne diarröa ja oksendamine ning küüslaugu lõhn suust.Eesti Arst 2016; 95(2):109–11
Plasma glucose, lactate, sodium, and potassium levels in children hospitalized with acute alcohol intoxication
No full textKuosimalliston suunnittelu Finlaysonille : freelancerina sesonkiin kevät/kesä 2016
No full textOpinnäytetyön aiheena on kuosimalliston suunnittelu Finlaysonille freelancerina sesonkiin kevät/kesä 2016. Opinnäytetyö on työelämälähtöinen, sillä tekijä on tekstiilimuotoilun opintojensa aikana keskittynyt kuosisuunnitteluun ja myynyt Niityllä-kuosin Finlaysonille. Tekijällä on aiempaa kokemusta kuosisuunnittelusta myös Carlsonille.
Tekijä työskentelee freelancer-kuosisuunnittelijan roolissa ja tutkii freelancerin työnkuvaa tavoitteenaan freelancer- kuosisuunnittelijana työskentely muotoilijaksi valmistumisen myötä. Opinnäytetyössä tekijä keskittyy suunnittelemaan kuosimalliston määrittämiensä lähtökohtien pohjalta. Tekijä perehtyy määrittämään Finlaysonin yrityskuvaa ja suunnittelemiensa kuosimallien kohderyhmää. Hän tutkii määrittämänsä kevät/kesä 2016 sesongin trendejä.
Opinnäytetyön alussa tekijä oli sopinut kahden tapaamiskerran muodossa tapahtuvasta yhteistyöstä Finlaysonin kanssa, mutta yrityksen omistajavaihdoksien seurauksena yhteistyö ei ollut enää mahdollinen. Tekijä tapaa opinnäytetyönsä puitteissa Familonin tuoteryhmäpäällikön Mailis Linnolan ja saa häneltä palautteen suunnittelemastaan kuosimallistosta sekä vastauksia esittämiinsä kysymyksiin kuosisuunnittelu-alasta. Hänen Mailis Linnolalta saamansa palaute edustaa opinnäytetyössä asiantuntijan näkemystä.
Tekijä määrittää kuosimallistolle konseptin, jonka pohjalta hän suunnittelee kuosimalliston. Hän kuvaa opinnäytetyössään suunnitteluprosessin kulkua sekä tarkastelee prosessia kriittis-realististisen evaluaation tutkimusmenetelmän pohjalta. Tekijän tavoitteena on opinnäytetyönsä myötä kehittyä kuosisuunnittelijana sekä saada uutta tietoa alasta.The topic of the thesis is designing a pattern collection for Finlayson as a freelancer for the season Spring/summer 2016. The thesis is a work oriented because during her textile design studies the author has specialized in pattern design and sold the pattern called Niityllä to Finlayson. The author has also earlier experience in pattern design for Carlson.
The author works as a freelancerpatterndesigner and investigates freelancer´s job description. Her target is to work as a freelancerpatterndesigner after graduation. During the thesis the author focuses on a design pattern collection based on the determined starting points. The author orientates to determine Finlayson´s brand and through that also her pattern collection´s target group. She investigates also the season trends of Spring/summer 2016 season’s trends.
In the beginning the author has agreed about the cooperation with Finlayson in the form of two meetings. The cooperation was not possible anymore following the changes in the Finlayson’s ownership. The author meets within her thesis the Product Group Manager of Familon and gets feedback about pattern collection and answers for questions about pattern design from her. In the thesis this feedback by Mailis Linnola represents the expert´s insight.
The author designs the pattern collection based on the concept she determines. She gives a description about the designing process and examines the process based on the critical-realistic evaluation research method. The aim of the author is to grow up as a designer and to get new information about pattern design with the help of the thesis
Plasma Cortisol, Testosterone, Estradiol and Progesterone Levels in Children with Acute Alcohol Intoxication
No full text
Haridus- ja teadusminister Mailis Repsi representatsiooni muutumine ajalehe Postimees näitel – minister-praktikandist reisikorraldajaks
No full textThe title of my Bachelor’s Thesis is The Alteration of the Representation of the Minister for
Education and Science Mailis Reps – the Case of Postimees daily. I examined three periods –
2002–2003, 2005 and 2006–2007.
My purpose was to study how media represents a person who has an important institutional
role in the society and how media looks in the case of Reps at the person, politician and
institution.
Main question was – how is the representation of Reps changed from 2002 to 2007?
My hypotheses were following – Reps is represented in all periods negatively and
controversially, the practice of giving labels is used very often, occupational incapacity of
Reps is put on the foreground, an image of a young politician is constructed for Reps.
To answer my research question, I conducted a quantitative content analysis and qualitative
discourse analysis of texts.
From the quantitative analysis I found out that:
1. The majority of texts had a negative orientation towards Reps.
2. The majority of texts handled Reps’s occupational failures and incapacities.
3. The conflict of Reps’s incapacity was the biggest in the third period.
4. The orientation of the text’s author was positive in the first period.
5. The majority of texts with negative orientation were published in the second period.
6. The interest towards Reps was the biggest in the second period.
From the qualitative analysis I found out that:
1. The most important role in the case of Reps was the role of the institution. It was
followed by the role of the person and the politician.
2. An image of a minister-trainee was formed for Reps. A stereotype is used that a young
person is weak in the role of a minister because one has no life or administration
experience.
3. The negativity of the journalists has disappeared in the third period but the criticism of
the institution (Postimees) has increased.
4. Reps has been identified by gender and motherhood, and slightly by appearance.
5. The representation of photos is somewhat positive.
6. In the case of a few caricatures the note of criticism has been increased. Due to this the
photo carries a bigger emotional meaning than the text does.
7. The representation of Reps is identified by high appraisal and by low neutrality and
objectivity.
8. The practice of giving labels is usual in the case of representing Reps.
9. Reps’s comments are positive. She does not take criticism very seriously. Her use of
language is a little naïve and rough around the edges.
10. The conflict of Reps’s failure has increased but the amount of texts which deal with
the question of the educational problems has decreased.
11. Negativity towards Reps is increased by her visit to Mari, by her party background
and by taking her two week old daughter with her to work.
12. The negativity in the headlines has decreased and the positivism increased.
13. The disappointment in Reps has increased and expectations of her decreased.
14. Reps is not identified through her field but through visit to Mari and through the child
topic.
On the results of my research I conclude that:
1. In spite of the fact that Reps as a person is represented positively, some of her personal
qualities are not counted as acceptable in the role of the institution. These qualities are
her age, mother language and confidence.
2. In the representation of Reps there has been used a constructive model in stead of a
cognitive one. Same topics and arguments are being used.
3. There has been formed a myth that Reps has failed in her profession as a minister.
4. The topic of education has been personified. Reps is a sign which has hindered the
discussion of educational matters.
5. A bilateral transmission has taken place – the criticism of the educational system in
Estonia and the criticism of the Ministry of Education and Science has transferred to
the minister and vice versa.
6. Also a bilateral disappointment has occurred – Postimees as the institution, journalists
and other authors have been disappointed in Reps and Reps is frustrated by the media.
7. Reps is a sign of the time – she indicates the selectiveness, randomness and exclusion
in the media.http://www.ester.ee/record=b3755412*es
Ekspertų veiklos etika.
No full textThe report studies problems of the expert ethics. The urgency of the mentioned problems is caused by the fact that complicated and serious questions of the ethic nature can be raised in practice. There are mainly problems of the ethics of legal proceedings studied in the special literature. A little attention has been paid to problems of the expert ethics. By studying principles of ethics from philosophy’s point of view, a system of moral standards and professional moral rules, which are used in specific conditions of legal proceedings and investigative activity, has been worked out. The professional morality in the sphere of forensic expertise has certain specificity. The author has expounded the moral rules that should be followed by a forensic expert. The strict fulfillment of professional ethic standards is a guarantor for the expert findings’ objectivity and trustworthiness.Straipsnyje nagrinėjami probleminiai ekspertų etikos klausimai. Temos aktualumą lemia praktikoje atsirandantys sudėtingi ir rimti su etika susiję klausimai. Specialiojoje literatūroje daugiausia nagrinėjamos teismo etikos problemos. Ekspertų etikos klausimams skiriama mažai dėmesio. Etikos principus nagrinėjant iš filosofijos nuostatų, nustatyta moralės normų ir profesinių etinių taisyklių, taikomų specifinėmis teismo ir tardymo veiklos sąlygomis, sistema. Tam tikra specifika pasižymi ir teismo ekspertizių srities profesinė moralė. Autorė detaliai išdėsto moralės taisykles, kurių privalo laikytis teismo ekspertas. Griežtas profesinės etikos normų taikymas yra ekspertinės išvados objektyvumo ir patikimumo garantas
The nitazene epidemic in Estonia: a first report.
No full textSince 2022, Estonia, a north-east European nation of 1.3 million people, has faced challenges with nitazenes, a class of novel synthetic opioids, which present a new threat to public health. The purpose of this article is to provide the timeline of the nitazene epidemic in Estonia, examining the prevalence and health consequences of nitazene use in the country. This case study uses a multifaceted approach. Data sources include administrative statistics, surveillance and research data, national service provision information, and government documentation from 2015 to 2024, with a focus on health consequences from 2019 to 2024. Quantitative data is complemented by qualitative interviews with nitazene users. The number of drug-related deaths in Estonia has more than doubled since 2022 (39 vs. 80 cases), exceeding over 100 cases in 2023. The increasing prevalence of nitazenes from 2022 is confirmed by syringe residue studies and seizure data. Nitazenes are often sold on the drug market, usually with no or limited information to the user about the substance being sold. Users frequently describe the effect of nitazenes as stronger, faster, sharper and more short-lived compared to fentanyl. Harm reduction services have seen increased utilization since 2022, with first responders facing growing challenges linked to the emergence of the nitazene phenomenon. This study provides the first comprehensive description of the nitazene epidemic. Results indicate a need for more evidence-based information on the use of nitazenes and their consequences to effectively address emerging challenges
Prevalence of alcohol-related pathologies at autopsy: Estonian Forensic Study of Alcohol and Premature Death.
No full textAIMS: Alcohol can induce diverse serious pathologies, yet this complexity may be obscured when alcohol-related deaths are classified according to a single underlying cause. We sought to quantify this issue and its implications for analysing mortality data. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional study included 554 men aged 25-54 in Estonia undergoing forensic autopsy in 2008-09. MEASUREMENTS: Potentially alcohol-related pathologies were identified following macroscopic and histological examination. Alcohol biomarkers levels were determined. For a subset (26%), drinking behaviour was provided by next-of-kin. The Estonian Statistics Office provided underlying cause of death. FINDINGS: Most deaths (75%) showed evidence of potentially alcohol-related pathologies, and 32% had pathologies in two or more organs. The liver was most commonly affected [60.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 56.3-64.6] followed by the lungs (18.6%, 95% CI = 15.4-22.1), stomach (17.5%, 95% CI = 14.4-20.9), pancreas (14.1%, 95% CI = 11.3-17.3), heart (4.9%, 95% CI = 3.2-7.0) and oesophagus (1.4%, 95% CI = 0.6-2.8). Only a minority with liver pathology had a second pathology. The number of pathologies correlated with alcohol biomarkers (phosphatidylethanol, gamma-glytamyl transpeptidase in blood, ethylglucuronide, ethylsulphate in urine). Despite the high prevalence of liver pathology, few deaths had alcoholic liver disease specified as the underlying cause. CONCLUSION: The majority of 554 men aged 25-54 undergoing forensic autopsy in Estonia in 2008-09 showed evidence of alcohol-related pathology. However, the recording of deaths by underlying cause failed to capture the scale and nature of alcohol-induced pathologies found
