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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Évaluation longitudinale et comparaison fonctionnelle de la matière blanche cérébrale chez les patients atteints de douleur chronique lombaire
Get PDFContexte : La douleur chronique est l’une des principales causes d’invalidité dans le monde
et est associée à des coûts de santé croissants, car elle est souvent mal prise en charge par
les traitements existants. S’appuyant sur des résultats de la littérature et de notre revue
de la littérature : “What has brain diffusion magnetic resonance imaging taught us about
chronic primary pain : a narrative review” [1], nous sommes partis de l’hypothèse que le
système limbique et la matière blanche cérébrale jouent un rôle essentiel dans l’émergence
et la persistance de la douleur chronique. Notamment, des résultats de neuroimagerie et des
anomalies liées à la douleur chronique durant des tâches cognitives impliquant le système
limbique comme la formation de nouveaux apprentissages, la remémoration de souvenirs et
la prise de décision suggère l’implication de ces circuits du cerveau en douleur chronique.
De plus, des études antérieures d’imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) fonctionnelle
et d’IRM structurelle ont montré que l’altération de l’activité fonctionnelle dans plusieurs
régions du système limbique (dont le noyau accumbens) pouvait être prédictive de l’évolution
des patients vers des conditions de douleur chronique, telles que la douleur lombaire chronique et la fibromyalgie.
Objectifs : Développer, adapter et appliquer des outils d’analyse de la matière blanche cérébrale dans le but d’expliquer les anomalies fonctionnelles corticostriatales rapportées dans
la littérature.
Méthodes : Avant le début de ma maîtrise, une base de données d’images IRM longitudinale, comprenant 27 individus avec de douleur chronique lombaire et 25 sujets contrôles
imagés à trois reprises - à 0, 2 et 4 mois - a été constituée. Mon rôle durant ma maîtrise a été
d’explorer et de mettre en place des outils pour étudier l’implication de la matière blanche
en douleur chronique sur cette base de données. Une attention particulière a été accordée à
la segmentation du noyau accumbens, une région du système limbique, et à la reconstruction
de ses connexions structurelles et fonctionnelles.
Résultats : Les résultats importants de ce mémoire sont : (i) L’étude des métriques d’IRM
de diffusion de plusieurs faisceaux importants de matière blanche du cerveau ne révèle aucune
différence significative dans notre jeu de données. (ii) Le faisceau accumbofrontal, reliant le
noyau accumbens et le cortex médian préfrontal, semble pouvoir être segmenté sur notre jeu
de données, mais ne montre pas de différence significative entre les métriques de diffusion
des groupes douleur chronique lombaire (DCL) et contrôles. (iii) Une analyse multivariée incluant les questionnaires ne permet pas de mettre en évidence des facteurs confondants aux
résultats. (iv) La corrélation entre connectivité structurelle et fonctionnelle est inconcluante,
probablement en raison des artefacts, biais et approximations de chaque modalité.
Conclusions : En conclusion, cette étude n’a pas permis de confirmer ni d’infirmer l’existence
d’une relation entre la matière blanche et la douleur chronique. Il s’agit toute fois de la
première exploration de ces aspects spécifiques de la matière blanche en DCL à l’aide de
méthodes de neuroimagerie avancées et les résultats nécessiteront d’être confirmés par des
études subséquentes. Un article de synthèse (premier auteur, accepté au journal «Pain») a
été rédigé, compilant les travaux existants sur les liens entre différentes formes de douleur
chronique primaire et l’imagerie par résonance magnétique de diffusion. Le constat est le
même que pour notre étude, la variabilité entre les méthodes et le nombre relativement
petit de sujets par étude limite la puissance statistique nécessaire à l’établissement de liens
définitifs.Abstract : Context: Chronic pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide and is associated with
increasing health-care costs as it is often poorly managed by existing treatments. Drawing
on fndings from the literature and our literature review: “What has brain difusion magnetic resonance imaging taught us about chronic primary pain: a narrative review” [1], we
hypothesized that the limbic system plays an essential role in the emergence and persistence
of chronic pain. In particular, neuroimaging fndings and abnormalities related to chronic
pain during cognitive tasks involving the limbic system, such as new learning, memory retrieval and decision making, suggest the involvement of these brain circuits in chronic pain.
Additionally, previous functional MRI and structural MRI studies have shown that altered
functional activity in several regions of the limbic system (including the nucleus accumbens)
can be predictive of patients’ progression to chronic pain conditions: chronic low back pain,
fbromyalgia.
Objectives: Develop, adapt and apply cerebral white matter analysis tools to explain the
corticostriatal functional abnormalities reported in the literature. Methods: Before the start of my Master’s degree, a longitudinal MRI image database was
set up, comprising 27 individuals with chronic low-back pain and 25 control subjects imaged
on three occasions - at 0, 2 and 4 months -. My role during the MSc was to explore and
implement tools to study the involvement of white matter in chronic pain on this database.
Particular attention was paid to segmenting the nucleus accumbens, a region of the limbic
system, and reconstructing its structural and functional connections.
Results: Important results of this thesis are: (i) Microstructure studies of several major
brain white matter tracts reveal no signifcant diferences in our dataset. (ii) The accumbofrontal tract, connecting the nucleus accumbens and the medial-prefrontal cortex, appears
to be segmentable in our dataset, but shows no signifcant diference between the difusion
metrics of each group. (iii) Multivariate analysis including questionnaires failed to reveal any
confounding factors to the results. (iv) The correlation between structural and functional
connectivity is inconclusive, probably due to artifacts, biases and approximations in each
modality. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study neither confrmed nor refuted the existence of a
relationship between white matter and chronic pain. It is, however, the frst exploration
of these specifc aspects of white matter in chronic low back using advanced neuroimaging
methods, and results will need to be confrmed by subsequent studies. A review article (frst
author, accepted by the journal «Pain») was written, compiling existing work on the links
between diferent forms of primary chronic pain and difusion magnetic resonance imaging. As
with our study, the variability between methods and the relatively small number of subjects
per study limit the statistical power needed to establish defnitive links
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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