132 research outputs found
Formulation of Edible Coating for Tomato using Aloe vera with functional ingredients
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Biochemical Changes during Ripening in Wood Apple Fruits with reference to Pectic Polysaccharides
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Biochemical and Microbiological quality attributes of Cauliflower (Brassica oleraceae cv botrytis) during Storage
No full textThis Dissertation / Report is the outcome of investigation carried out by the creator(s) / author(s) at the department/division of Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore mentioned below in this page
Modelling Phenol Degradation Under Saline Conditions by AnMBR Biomass
No full textThis study is part of a project titled: “Phenolic compounds degradation in AnMBR under mesophilic and thermophilic operation: BioXtreme-following up”. Phenol is a toxic contaminant found widely in industrial effluents. It is toxic to humans and animals even at very low concentrations. Anaerobic digestion uses phenol as a carbon source and then to degrade it to non-toxic products for lower costs. Industrial effluents are also likely to have high concentrations of salinity which causes inhibition at high concentrations. Anaerobic membrane bioreactors are an attractive method as it enables biomass retention for biomass. The aim of this study is to understand the effect of Na+ concentration in a batch phenol degradation by phenol adapted mesophilic AnMBR biomass. NaCl concentration ranging from 0-90 g/L were tested on adapted AnMBR biomass. COD, phenol degradation, particle size distribution and methane production of adapted AnMBR biomass were analysed. The results from the batch test were used to model kinetic parameters. The biomass was acclimatized to 30 g/L of NaCl in AnMBR. Phenol removal of 98% was observed at 30 g/LNaCl and it decreased further with elevated salinity. Similarly, biogas production was also highest for 30g/L NaCl and decreased further with higher NaCl concentration. The highest value for SMA of 0.10 ± 0 gCOD-CH4.gVSS-1 d -1 was observed for 30g/L. However, the data did not indicate a specific trend with increasing salinity and showed high variability. The data showed poor fit to both Haldane and Monod growth model as these models were used for substrate inhibition. Modelling with modified Gompertz equation also failed to yield any conclusive results.Bioxtrem
Cascade Anaerobic Digestion to enhance Waste Activated Sludge Degradation
No full textLarge amounts of residual waste activated sludge are produced as by-products during biological wastewater treatment processes. Anaerobic digestion is a widely accepted stabilisation method for waste activated sludge (WAS) treatment. However, the application of anaerobic digestion is limited by the long retention time and low degradation efficiency of compounds. Structural extra cellular polymeric substances (EPS) are metabolic products released by microorganisms that play an important role in the disintegration of sludge structure. The limitations in anaerobic digestion mentioned above pertain to the hydrolysis step in anaerobic digestion. The cascade reactor (cascade AD) system i.e. continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) in series, is a robust reactor system that is expected to enhance the hydrolysis step and to show a superior performance at low solid retention time compared to a conventional CSTR. This research is aimed at observing the difference in performance of cascade AD and a conventional CSTR at shortened retention time. Various indicators were used to understand the performance enhancement of a cascade AD in comparison to a conventional CSTR. Moreover, the degradation of structural EPS by selected enzyme groups such as protease, cellulase and polygalacturonase were also studied. The cascade AD showed better performance than a conventional CSTR at a retention time of 22 and 15 days. This improved performance was enabled by the smaller reactors in cascade AD that provided higher hydrolysis rate. Higher removal efficiency of protein, carbohydrate and structural EPS was observed in cascade AD. Improved ammonium and phosphate release were also indications of better performance of cascade AD. Although the mass balance in nitrogen was maintained in the reactor system, phosphorous mass balance indicated possibilities of precipitation. The batch tests performed with the enzyme protease, cellulase and polygalacturonase were aimed at understanding the degradation of SEPS. It was inferred from the test that volatile suspended solids proved to be a better indicator for solubilisation compared to COD and ammonium concentration. Protease showed higher solubilisation compared to cellulase and polygalacturonase. Particle size distribution did not indicate a significant difference upon the addition of all three enzyme groups; indicating that a significant change in structure was not caused by the enzymes. Hydrolysis kinetics and SEPS degradation could not be derived from the test because of the variations in results based on the substrates used. Nevertheless, the tests proved to be useful in improving methodology for deriving hydrolysis kinetics of WAS. In conclusion, the novel cascade AD showed better performance at shortened retention time. The system also showed stable performance despite the shortened retention time compared to a conventional CSTR. Thus, the stable performance suggests the opportunities to further lower the retention time in cascade AD.Civil Engineering | Environmental Engineerin
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of using Cold Needle for giving Intramuscular Injection to Reduce Pain Perception among Adults admitted in Medical Wards at Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai
Get PDFAn interventional study was carried out to find the effectiveness of using cold needle for giving intramuscular injection to reduce pain perception. Simple random sampling technique was used, 60 male and female subjects who are receiving intramuscular injection admitted in Medical wards at Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital were selected. 30 subjects for each experimental and control group. True experimental design was used to conduct the study. Using cold needle technique intramuscular injection was given for experimental group.
For Control group routine technique was given. Post assessment was done after interventions for both groups by using Wong Baker’s Faces Pain Scale. Data was analysed with both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Independent T test was used to compare the effectiveness between experimental and control group and Karl Pearson’s co efficient of correlation was used to find out the relationship between demographic variable. After cold needle technique the mean pain score in experimental group was 0.67 and in control group was 6.73 after routine technique (Independent t test t = 24.23, P = 0.001). This shows that using cold needle technique is more effective in reducing pain perception among subjects received intramuscular injection.
The investigator thereby concludes that using cold needle
technique has reduced the level of pain perception on subjects received intramuscular injection. Thus it encompasses commitment by nurse who can practice Cold needle technique to reduce the level of pain perception
The features of HIV and SARS-CoV-2-coinfection in a pandemic
No full textCOVID-19 is known to undertake a severe course in several groups of patients. The review presents the latest data on the main features of COVID-19 course in HIV patients. People living with HIV, have not been found to be at a higher risk for acquiring COVID-19 and the disease runs a similar course compared to the general population in HIV patients on continuous antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a suppressed viral load and CD4 -T-lymphocytes count > 200cells/μl. Fewer than expected HIV patients have been reported to be hospitalised, this leads to hypothesize that infection may be majorly asymptomatic in this group of patients owing to their weak immune response. The patient's use of ART might also explain the comparatively milder disease course of COVID-19 seen in patients with HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection. While ART use cannot be considered to be a protective factor against contracting the SARS-CoV-2, researchers assume that the therapy could stabilize the immune response in coinfected patients and thus prevent progression of the disease to the severe forms.
Cl Atom-Initiated Photo-Oxidation Reactions of Vinyl Trifluoroacetate and Allyl Trifluoroacetate in Tropospheric Conditions
No full textRelative
rate (RR) technique coupled with gas chromatography (GC)
was used to investigate the kinetics of the reactions of two hydrofluoroesters
(allyl trifluoroacetate (CF3C(O)OCH2CHCH2, ATFA) and vinyl trifluoroacetate (CF3C(O)OCHCH2, VTFA)) with Cl atoms between 268 and 363 K and at 760 Torr
of N2 (or air). The temperature-dependent Arrhenius expressions
for the title reactions were obtained to be k268–363KVTFA+Cl = [(7.83 ± 2.26) × 10–12 exp((974
± 89)/T)] cm3 molecule–1 s–1 and k268–363KATFA+Cl = [(9.03
± 1.92) × 10−12 exp((883 ±
65)/T)] cm3 molecule–1 s–1, respectively. A negative temperature dependency
was observed for both the reactions. In addition to this, the kinetics
of the studied reactions was evaluated computationally at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//MP2/6-311++G(d,p)
level of theory in the temperature range of 200–400 K using
canonical variational transition (CVT) state theory in conjunction
with small curvature tunneling (SCT) corrections and interpolated
single point energy (ISPE) methods. The product analysis of the reactions
of VTFA and ATFA with Cl atoms in the presence of O2 was
also investigated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
(GC-MS) and gas chromatography–infrared spectroscopy (GC-IR).
The plausible oxidation mechanism of the title reactions was proposed
based on the product analyses. Further, to comprehend the impact of
these molecules on the troposphere, atmospheric lifetimes, lifetime-corrected
radiative forcing (RF), and global warming potential (GWP) were estimated
and are presented in this manuscript
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