42 research outputs found
The Impact of Multiple Interviews on the Narrative Coherence, Accuracy and Credibility of Children’s Testimonies
No full textThe lack of forensically meaningful measures of the quality of children’s testimony that can be used in both field and laboratory studies prevents reaching strong conclusions about the impact of multiple interviews. Drawing on theory and research from cognitive science and forensic psychology, a new model of narrative coherence, consisting of the completeness, consistency and connectedness of children’s recall, was developed to assess the quality of testimonies elicited in multiple interviews.The thesis describes three studies evaluating the impact of multiple forensic interviews on the narrative coherence, accuracy and credibility children’s testimony. Study 1 revealed that multiple interviews impact the narrative coherence of forensic testimonies provided by child witnesses positively, through increasing their completeness without decreasing their consistency or connectedness. Children’s age was associated with the completeness and connectedness of their recall. To overcome the limitations of field research, children’s recall of a staged experiment was analysed in Study 2. Children interviewed twice provided equally accurate descriptions as participants interviewed a single time in a control group matched for delay, however, the 1-month delay between interviews resulted in a slight but significant decrease in accuracy. Study 3 aimed to determine whether the benefits of multiple interviews found in Study 1 and Study 2 affect witness credibility. Mock jurors rated the witness in a fictional child abuse case as more reliable and competent and were more likely to convict the defendant when presented with two interviews rather than one. Credibility ratings and verdict decisions were also associated with jurors’ gender and the consistency of the witness testimony.In conclusion, results support the view that multiple interviews provide an effective method of increasing the completeness and credibility of children’s testimony. The accuracy of children’s testimony was found to be compromised by delay, rather than multiple interviews.<br/
Narrative coherence in multiple forensic interviews with child witnesses alleging physical and sexual abuse
No full textThis study investigated the narrative coherence of children's accounts elicited in multiple forensic interviews. Transcriptions of 56 police interviews with 28 children aged 3–14 years alleging physical and sexual abuse were coded for markers of completeness, consistency and connectedness. We found that multiple interviews increased the completeness of children's testimony, containing on average almost twice as much new information as single interviews, including crucial location, time and abuse‐related details. When both contradictions within the same interview and across interviews were considered, contradictions were not more frequent in multiple interviews. The frequency of linguistic markers of connectedness remained stable across interviews. Multiple interviews increase the narrative coherence of children's testimony through increasing their completeness without necessarily introducing contradictions or decreasing causal‐temporal connections between details. However, as ‘ground truth’ is not known in field studies, further investigation of the relationship between the narrative coherence and accuracy of testimonies is required
Children’s elaborated responses to Yes-No questions in forensic interviews about sexual abuse
No full textChildren tend to answer yes-no questions with unelaborated “yes” and “no” responses, but the types of details likely omitted from unelaborated answers have not been explored. This study examined 379 4- to 12-year-olds’ answers to yes-no questions in forensic interviews about CSA (N = 11,187), focusing on age differences in elaborated responses. As expected, older children elaborated more frequently than younger children. Our novel categorization of elaboration types revealed that although there were no age differences in children’s use of nominal corrections (correcting a label), or in emphatic negations (giving forceful denials), older children were more likely to give narrative elaborations (providing additional narrative information), wh-elaborations (answering implicit wh-questions), and qualified elaborations (avoiding potentially misleading implications of unelaborated “yes” and “no” responses). The results suggest that children’s developing understanding of the implied meaning of questions and responses helps to explain age differences in elaborative responses to yes-no questions
Identification of nine new susceptibility loci for testicular cancer, including variants near DAZL and PRDM14.
No full textTesticular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is the most common cancer in young men and is notable for its high familial risks. So far, six loci associated with TGCT have been reported. From genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis of 307,291 SNPs in 986 TGCT cases and 4,946 controls, we selected for follow-up 694 SNPs, which we genotyped in a further 1,064 TGCT cases and 10,082 controls from the UK. We identified SNPs at nine new loci (1q22, 1q24.1, 3p24.3, 4q24, 5q31.1, 8q13.3, 16q12.1, 17q22 and 21q22.3) showing association with TGCT (P < 5 × 10(-8)), which together account for an additional 4-6% of the familial risk of TGCT. The loci include genes plausibly related to TGCT development. PRDM14, at 8q13.3, is essential for early germ cell specification, and DAZL, at 3p24.3, is required for the regulation of germ cell development. Furthermore, PITX1, at 5q31.1, regulates TERT expression and is the third TGCT-associated locus implicated in telomerase regulation
Is it time to leave the shopping mall behind? Measurement flaws, plausibility, and external validity of false memory research
No full textUnderstanding child sexual abuse: disclosures, delays, and denials
No full textReviewing the research on children’s disclosure of sexual abuse when questioned by authorities, Lyon et al. demonstrate that initial denial is common among abused children, occurring in about half of cases. The challenge is to determine whether such denials and subsequent allegations are attributable to suggestibility or reluctance. The child’s closeness to the suspect and the supportiveness of the child’s family are important correlates of delay and denial. Interview characteristics associated with disclosure include prior disclosures, whether the child is being asked about abuse for the first time, and characteristics of the interview, including supportiveness and the specific questions asked. Suggestibility does not seem to explain the high rates of denial and delayed disclosure
Men er vi ikke egentlig sånn? En lesning av Jeg er egentlig ikke sånn (2022) av Marie Aubert som crossoverlitteratur.
No full textDenne masteroppgaven tar utgangspunkt i begrepet crossover literature, som er hentet fra det engelske-amerikanske forskningsfeltet for ungdomslitteratur, Young Adult literature. Crossover-termen viser til litteratur som befinner seg i en grenseoppgang, enten mellom barnelitteratur og ungdomslitteratur, eller ungdomslitteratur og voksenlitteratur. Sistnevnte har blitt relevant for denne masteroppgaven. Basert på en lesning av Marie Auberts roman Jeg er egentlig ikke sånn (2022), forsøker jeg i denne oppgaven å argumentere for at det er mulig å lese romaner som dette med en dobbel inngang; En crossover-lesning. Crossover-lesningen grunner i en tanke om at det er mulig å ha både en ung, direkte og umiddelbar tilnærming til romanen, og en voksen, distansert og ironisk tilnærming til den. Jeg er egentlig ikke sånn handler om fire familiemedlemmer som møtes til konfirmasjon, og viser frem hvordan møtet mellom dem utarter seg. Den portretterer gjenkjennelige mennesker og situasjoner, og er skrevet kronologisk, med et kortfattet og tilgjengelig språk. Dette gjør at man kan antyde at den faktisk er crossoverlitteratur. Konsekvensene av crossover-lesningen, er at ulike litterære og fortellertekniske grep blir synlige i lesningen, og at det åpnes opp for flere forståelser av romanens karakterer, fortelling og mulige formål.This master’s thesis is based on the concept of crossover literature, which is a term taken from the English research field of Yong Adult literature. The term crossover refers to literature that finds itself at a borderline, either between children’s literature and youth literature, or between youth literature and adult literature. The latter is relevant for this master’s thesis. Based on a reading of the novel Jeg er egentlig ikke sånn (2022) by the author Marie Aubert, I try to argue that it is possible to read novels like this with a double entrance; A crossover reading. The crossover reading is based on the idea that it is possible to have both a young, direct and immediate approach to the novel, as well as an adult, distanced and ironic approach to it. Jeg er egentlig ikke sånn is about four family members who meet up for a weekend, to participate in a confirmation, and shows further how the meeting between them turns out. The novel is written chronologically, with a concise and accessible language, and portrays recognizable people and situations. This allows one to suggest that the novel actually is crossover literature. The consequences of the crossover reading are that various literary and storytelling techniques become visible in the reading, as well as that is opens up for several understandings of the narrative, the characters and the possible purpose or message of the novel
The impact of multiple interviews on the accuracy and narrative coherence of children’s memories
No full textThis study investigated the accuracy and narrative coherence of children’s accounts of a staged event across two interviews in comparison to a control condition to discern between the effects of repeated recall and delay between interviews. Seventy-six 8–11-year-olds took part in a first aid training session. Half of the children were randomly assigned to be interviewed using open-ended questions twice, one week after the event and five weeks after the event, whilst the other half were interviewed only once, five weeks after the event. Supporting the hypotheses, children reported more details over the course of two interviews than in a single interview either 1-week or 5-weeks after the event, and details that remained consistent across the two interviews were more accurate than reminisced details. The increased completeness of children’s accounts in two interviews was accompanied by an increase in the use of markers of causal-temporal connectedness. The hypothesis regarding the negative effect of delay on the accuracy of children’s testimony was partially supported, as details reported in the first, 1-week interview were more accurate than details in the single 5-week interview. Results demonstrate that multiple interviews can increase the narrative coherence of children’s testimony without decreasing their accuracy
Digital Infrastructures for Monitoring Circular Economy Investments by Financial Institutions and Government: A Research Agenda
No full textCircular Economy (CE) and sustainability are getting high on the political agenda of governments on the global level. Businesses and supply chains are at the heart of that transition, and need to make big steps in the coming years for making the transition from a linear model of make-use-dispose towards a circular model. For this transition, financing plays a key role. Financial institutions operate in a highly regulated environment. In this context, we see two particular, yet complementary, areas where digital infrastructures can be of value to support this transition. They can (1) help the financial institutions gather data about supply chain operations and address the performance of financial instruments used for the green and circular transition (i.e. bottom-up, micro view); and (2) help regulators monitor the activities of financial institutions to ensure that provided financing is indeed used to stimulate circular supply chains (i.e. top-down, macro view). In this paper, we explore the scene for digital infrastructure deployment for CE monitoring when it comes to CE funding, and propose a framework and a research agenda on the topic.Information and Communication Technolog
Recanting children’s descriptions of influences and pressures to recant intrafamilial child sexual abuse
No full textThis study examined interviews with 53 4 to 15-year-old children recanting sexual abuse to determine whether they were forthcoming about potential influences and pressures that could have led them to recant. The great majority (87%) of children mentioned one or more influences or pressures. With respect to influences, about half of children mentioned their positive feelings for the suspect, and about a third mentioned negative consequences for the suspect. About 30% disclosed that their immediate family missed the suspect. About half mentioned concerns about separation from their family, and almost 30% discussed negative consequences for their mother. Pressures from others were mentioned by about half of children. They rarely mentioned pressures from the suspect, but over a third disclosed family pressures, most often the lack of maternal support. Over two-thirds of children described feeling guilty and other internal influences. The results provide preliminary support for questioning recanting children about influences and pressures
