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Nadzar pada pinjaman Qardh berbasis local wisdom di Baitul Maal Wa Al Tamwil (BMT) Maslahah Pasuruan
No full textINDONESIA:
Dalam konteks Baitul Maal Wa Al Tamwil (BMT) Maslahah, nadzar pada pinjaman qardh merupakan produk pinjaman yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan bagi stakeholder, dengan membantu permodalan anggota, memberikan kemudahan pinjaman, membangun hubungan kepercayaan dan solidaritas antar anggota. Nadzar adalah perjanjian individu anggota untuk memberikan shodaqoh kepada BMT. Sedangkan pinjaman qardh merupakan pinjaman yang tidak boleh ada keuntungan yang dipersyaratkan. Namun persepsi yang beredar di masyarakat bahwa nadzar pada pinjaman qardh adalah merupakan hilah dan termasuk dua akad yang diterapkan (al uqud al maliyah al murakkabah), dengan tujuan untuk kesejahteraan pihak tertentu. Nadzar pada pinjaman qardh merupakan local wisdom karena terjadinya cukup lama dan belum ada teori dalam sistem ekonomi islam. Penelitian ini berfokus pada penggabungan nadzar pada pinjaman qardh yang berimplikasi pada kesejahteraan stakeholder dan keuntungan BMT.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus pada BMT Maslahah Pasuruan. Dengan menggali data, wawancara mendalam, observasi dan dokumentasi. Adapun teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis fokus penelitian ini adalah teori kesejahteraan M. Umer Chapra, sebagai pendukung juga menggunakan teori al uqud al maaliyah al murakkabah, hilah dan local wisdom.
Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa nadzar pada pinjaman qardh di BMT Maslahah sah dilakukan karena tidak mempersyaratkan keuntungan pada pinjaman qardh, namun nadzar dapat memberikan keuntungan berupa pemberian shodaqoh. Perspektif al uqud al maliyah al murakkabah, nadzar pada pinjaman qardh, tidak mempersatukan akad, tidak mencampurkan dan tidak melahirkan nama akad baru, akan tetapi nama akad dasarnya tetap ada dan dipraktekkan dalam suatu transaksi. Nadzar pada pinjaman qardh juga bukan termasuk hilah, karena dana pinjaman qardh digunakan untuk modal perdagangan dengan berdasarkan pada pendapat ulama madzhab syafiiyah yang memperbolehkan. Implikasi nadzar pada pinjaman qardh dapat menyejahterakan stakeholder, karena mendapatkan tambahan keuntungan finansial, membangun hubungan kepercayaan dan solidaritas antar anggota dan keuntungan bagi BMT, sehingga dapat berkembang dengan sehat. Nadzar pada pinjaman qardh merupakan local wisdom yang sudah terjadi sejak lama dan berulang-ulang sehingga mendapatkan respon kepuasan layanan anggota, kepuasan produk, kenyamanan, keadilan, kebahagiaan dan kesejahteraan.
Novelty dari disertasi ini adalah bahwa penerapan nadzar pada pinjaman qardh dapat dilakukan di lembaga keuangan syariah sejenis BMT, karena secara hukum ekonomi syariah diperbolehkan, secara ekonomi dapat menyejahterakan stakeholder dan berkontribusi pada kajian keilmuan ekonomi baru.
ENGLISH:
In the context of Baitul Maal Wa Al Tamwil (BMT) Maslahah, the vow Qardh loans are loan products that aim for stakeholder welfare by helping members with capital, providing easy qardh loans to members, building relationships of trust and solidarity between members and n adzar is an individual member's agreement to provide alms to BMT. While qardh loans are loans that must not have any profit requirements. The perception circulating in society is that the vow on qardh loans is a hilah and includes two contracts that are applied at once for the purpose of the welfare of a particular party. Nadzar on qardh loans is local wisdom because it has been around for a long time and there is no theory in the Islamic economic system. Research This focus on merger vow on loan qardh Which have implications on stakeholder welfare and BMT benefits.
This research is a qualitative research with approach studies case at BMT Maslahah Pasuruan. By digging data, in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. The theory used to analyze the focus of this research is Umer Chapra's welfare theory, as a supporter also uses the theory of al uqud al maaliyah al murakkabah, hilah and local wisdom.
The results of this study are that the vow on qardh loans at BMT Maslahah is valid because it does not require a profit on the qardh loan, but the vow can provide benefits in the form of giving alms. The perspective of al uqud al maliyah al murakkabah, the vow on qardh loans, does not unite the contract, does not mix and does not create a new contract name, but the name of the basic contract remains and is practiced in a transaction. The vow on qardh loans is also not included in hilah, because the qardh loan funds are used for trading capital based on the opinion of scholars of the Shafi'i school of thought that permits it. The implications of the vow for qardh loans can improve the welfare of stakeholders, because they gain additional financial benefits, build relationships of trust and solidarity between members and benefit the BMT, so that it can develop healthily. The vow for qardh loans is a local wisdom that has existed for a long time and repeatedly, resulting in responses of member service satisfaction, product satisfaction, comfort, justice, happiness, and well-being.
The novelty of this dissertation is that the application of nadzar to qardh loans can be carried out in Islamic financial institutions such as BMT, because according to Islamic economic law it is permitted, economically it can improve the welfare of stakeholders and contribute to new economic scientific studies.
ARABIC:
عند البحث عن بيت المال والتمويل (BMT MASLAHAH) يُعدّ النذر في عقد القرض يهدف إلى تعزيز المصلحة لأصحاب بيت المال والتمويل من خلال دعم احتياجات الأعضاء التمويلية، وتوفير السهولة للوصول إلى القرض، وبناء الثقة والتضامن بين الأعضاء. النذر هو التزام فردي بين الأعضاء بالتبرع بالصدقة إلىBMT. أما القرض لا يجوز أن يتضمن أي ربح مشروط. و قد شاع في المجتمع على أن عقد النذر في القرض يعد حيلة و يتضمن تطبيق عقدين في وقت واحد لتحقيق مصلحة طرف معين. إن النذر في القرض هو حكمة محلية لأنها موجودة منذ زمن طويل وليس لها نظرية في النظام الاقتصادي الإسلامي. ويركز هذا البحث على عقد النذر في القرض وما يترتب على ذلك من آثار على المصحلة أصحاب بيت المال والتمويل وأرباح BMT.
وقد استخدم البحث منهجًا نوعيًا من خلال دراسة حالية في BMT مصلحة بمدينة باسوروان. ويتم جمع البيانات من خلال المقابلات المتعمقة والملاحظات والتوثيقات. أما البحث النظري المستخدم لتحليله يعني نظرية مصلحة ل "عمر شبرا" و بالنظرية العقود المالية المركبة والحيال والعرف.
نتائج هذه الدراسة هي أن نذر قروض القرض في BMT مصلحة صحيح لأنه لا يشترط ربحًا على قرض القرض، ولكن يمكن أن يترتب على النذر نفعٌ في صورة صدقة. من منظور "العقد المالي المركّب"، نذر قروض القرض، لا يوحد العقد ولا يختلط ولا يُنشئ اسمًا جديدًا، بل يبقى اسم العقد الأصلي ويُمارس في المعاملة. كما أن نذر قروض القرض لا يدخل في الحلة، لأن أموال قروض القرض تُستخدم في رأس مال التداول بناءً على رأي علماء المذهب الشافعي الذي يُجيزه. يمكن أن تؤدي آثار نذر قروض القرض إلى تحسين رفاهية أصحاب المصلحة، حيث يحصلون على فوائد مالية إضافية، ويبنون علاقات ثقة وتضامن بين الأعضاء ويفيدون BMT، بحيث يمكن أن يتطور بشكل صحي. إن نذر قروض القرض حكمة محلية راسخة منذ زمن طويل، وقد نتج عنه رضا الأعضاء عن خدماتهم، ورضاهم عن منتجاتهم، وراحة بالهم، وعدل، وسعادة، ورفاهية.
تكمن ميزة هذه الرسالة في إمكانية تطبيق النذر على قروض القرض في المؤسسات المالية الإسلامية، مثل بنك البحرين الإسلامي (BMT)، لأنه جائز في الشريعة الإسلامية، ويمكنه من الناحية الاقتصادية تحسين رفاهية أصحاب المصلحة، والمساهمة في دراسات علمية اقتصادية جديدة
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