1,721,024 research outputs found
DISPATCHES FROM THE TOMATO WARS: THE SPILLOVER EFFECTS OF TRADE BARRIERS
Full text linkMost trade barriers are, by their very nature, bi-lateral. Since most countries trade with more than one country in more than one product, these bilateral measures can have spillover effects, changing trading patterns among other countries and products. This paper looks at the effect of a bilateral trade barrier on trade flows within a three-country free-trading area. Specifically, this paper examines the trade distortion effects of the 1996 voluntary export restraint (VER) placed on tomato exports from Mexico to the United States. Has Mexico shifted its exports from the Unites States to Canada, and has Canada increased its exports to the United States? Has the VER caused Mexico to divert fresh tomatoes to the processing sector?International Relations/Trade,
DISPATCHES FROM THE TOMATO WARS: SPILLOVER EFFECTS OF TRADE BARRIERS
Full text linkInternational Relations/Trade,
Globalization with Labor Market Frictions and Non-Scale Growth
Full text linkWe analyze the interaction between globalization and labor market frictions in a dynamic general equilibrium North-South non-scale growth model with endogenous Northern innovation and endogenous Southern imitation. The employment, growth and relative-wage effects of globalization are shown to depend qualitatively on the degree of Northern labor market frictions. We demonstrate that Northern countries with particular severe labor market frictions benefit from globalization in terms of employment and growth. We also analyze whether stricter intellectual property rights protection in the South, rising R&D subsidies in the North or an increase in Northern labor market flexibility alleviate or aggravate globalization effects.Globalization, Quality-Ladder Model, Non-Scale Growth, Frictional Unemployment, Firing Costs
Nontariff Trade Controls and Leader-Follower Relations in International Competition.
No full textA simple duopoly model is constructed in which leader-follower relations arise as part of a subgame-perfect equilibrium in a game of endogenous timing. The author shows that, in the absence of policy intervention, cost asymmetries between firms can help sustain collusive hierarchical organization of markets. On the basis of this model, he then analyzes the effects of voluntary export restraints and import quotas in the presence of foreign and international duopolies. The author's analysis reveals that, in contrast to the existing literature, these nontariff trade controls can break the stability of leader-follower relations and thereby raise an importing country's welfare. Copyright 1996 by The London School of Economics and Political Science.
Essays on International Trade and International Political Economy
Full text linkMy graduate research has been organized around two main themes: (i) the causes and consequences of trade integration and (ii) the strategic nature of armed conflict. The expansion of international trade over the past sixty years has played a major role is determining the fates of nations, both for better and for worse, and likewise has the potential to shape our futures in ways we need to be able to anticipate. Similarly, the death, destruction, and diversion of productive resources associated with violent conflict continue to present a critical obstacle to shared prosperity. The papers I am presenting as the chapters of my dissertation are representative of the contributions I am interested in making in these important research areas. My research on trade integration spans both the micro-level of what forms trade integration may take as well as higher level concerns about how freer trade will affect both the world economy as well as the individual economies within it. Two chapters of my dissertation, "Beyond Tariffs: Quantifying Heterogeneity in the Effects of Free Trade Agreements" and "Finding the Influence of Communication on Trade" are devoted to this subject. In "Beyond Tariffs", for example, I show, using NAFTA as an empirical case study, that the effects of free trade agreements on individual nations may not be what we might expect to observe ex ante based on tariffs. Relying solely on tariffs to project NAFTA’s effects not only greatly underestimates the overall welfare increases for all three NAFTA countries---Mexico's in particular---but also overstates the positive effects of NAFTA on U.S. producer prices. It follows that "heterogeneity" in the effects of free trade agreements, both within and across agreements, may not be well-understood. In "Finding the Influence of Communication", I investigate whether the sharing of a common language promotes trade in a way similar to trade policy and, if so, what the consequences of increased language learning will be for global trade. Most notably, I find the effect of communication in native languages on trade tends to be underestimated in the absence of controls for communication in non-native languages. Surprisingly, while I find strong evidence for the causal impact of foreign language acquisition on manufacturing trade, I do not find similarly strong evidence for services trade. I also find that, unsurprisingly, adding to the world's population of English speakers has by far the largest impact on trade of any major world language. Interestingly, however, when I remove all non-language barriers to trade, I find the forces of geography and history may have greatly impeded the relative appeal of Chinese as a competing global language. The third chapter of my dissertation, "The Problem of Peace: A Story of Corruption, Destruction, and Rebellion", joint with Constantinos Syropoulos, deals with a different kind of question: what are the economic incentives that drive the emergence of destructive conflicts, and of intra-state conflicts ("civil conflicts") in particular? Specifically, we investigate how the central presence of state (fiscal) institutions in civil conflicts generates unique explanations for the emergence of conflict itself. International trade plays an important role in this chapter as well, but mainly as a backdrop for illustrating the unique trade-offs between "peace" and "welfare" that may arise in this context. It is possible for changes in international prices to move in favor of promoting settlements, but such settlements can be associated with (socially wasteful) increases in arming and/or taxation. We also explore, among other things, how limiting the government’s fiscal capacity may tilt the balance towards peaceful settlement.Ph.D., Economics -- Drexel University, 201
Two Essays on Trade Agreements
No full textIn the first chapter we study the consequences of regional free trade agreements (FTAs) for global free trade. In the context of a three-country, two-good general equilibrium trade model, we derive stable Nash equilibria of two coalition formation games of trade liberalization: One in which FTAs are ruled out, and another in which countries have the option to form FTAs. Our analysis reveals that there exist circumstances under which the option to form FTAs may facilitate the attainment of global free trade (building blocks). However, there also exist circumstances under which FTAs stand in the way of global free trade ("stumbling blocks"). Two important determinants of these possibilities are relative country size and the structure of comparative advantage. In the second chapter we examine the effect of the formation of FTAs on non-FTA countries tariffs using detailed data on tariffs and trade flows for the US, Mexico, and China from 1992 to 1997. We find that an increase in an FTA members tariff discrimination against a non-member leads to a reduction in the non-members tariffs. We also find that an increase in the non-members size relative to its FTA-member competitor (which competes with the non-member because they have the same comparative advantage) causes a rise in its tariffs. The relative strength of the two effects, determines whether the FTA acts as a building block or stumbling block to a non-members trade liberalization.Ph.D., Economics -- Drexel University, 201
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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