1,721,023 research outputs found
Response to ‘Letter to the Editor: regarding Sylvetsky et al. 2017 Plasma concentrations of sucralose in children and adults’
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Perceptions and Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages among Medical Students at the George Washington University
No full textPerceptions and Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages among Medical Students at the George Washington University
Sophia J. Gauthier, MS
Allison C. Sylvetsky (Meni), PhD
Objective:
Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) is associated with a variety of negative health outcomes, including diabetes and obesity. Healthcare providers have the opportunity to educate patients regarding their dietary habits, including reducing sugar consumption, for the prevention and management of chronic disease. Because nutritional coursework is not standardized across medical school curriculums, students likely have varying beliefs regarding the role of SSB in a healthy diet, as well as health outcomes associated with their consumption. Furthermore, there may exist a discrepancy between students’ beliefs about SSB and their actual consumption practices. The purpose of this study was to survey medical students at the George Washington University (GWU) in order to gain insight into perceptions of SSB within the medical community and how this may relate to their own SSB consumption.
Methods:
All procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board at GWU prior to beginning data collection. Two-hundred and forty GWU medical students were recruited via email and completed a five-part questionnaire, which was developed in order to assess various aspects of SSB consumption. These included (1) types, frequency, and volume of SSB consumed, (2) preferred location to purchase SSB, (3) motivation for consuming SSB, (4) habits regarding SSB consumption, and (5) beliefs surrounding SSB consumption and associated health outcomes.
Results:
Of 240 students, over half (58%) reported drinking at least one SSB per week. Fifty-nine percent indicated that they “strongly agreed” with the statement that “SSB consumption is associated with diabetes,” while 3% of respondents indicated that they were “uncertain” with regards to this statement. Thirty-five percent indicated utilizing campus vending machines to purchase SSB, compared to 53% who indicated purchasing SSB from campus eateries, and 63% who indicated drinking SSB when free at on-campus events. Thirty-eight percent of respondents expressed interest in seeing a decrease in SSB offered in campus vending machines.
Conclusions:
Although SSB consumption is prevalent among GWU medical students, over one-third of participants expressed support for decreasing access to sugary drinks on campus. This calls attention to an apparent ‘disconnect’ between awareness of the adverse health consequences associated with SSB intake and individual behavior change, even in this health literate population. Further research will aim to understand the driving factors underlying SSB consumption among medical students in order to identify effective strategies for reducing their consumption
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
Full text linkBackgroundApproximately 600 million children of preschool and school age are anaemic worldwide. It is estimated that half of the cases are due to iron deficiency. Consequences of iron deficiency anaemia during childhood include growth retardation, reduced school achievement, impaired motor and cognitive development, and increased morbidity and mortality. The provision of daily iron supplements is a widely used strategy for improving iron status in children but its effectiveness has been limited due to its side effects, which can include nausea, constipation or staining of the teeth. As a consequence, intermittent iron supplementation (one, two or three times a week on nonconsecutive days) has been proposed as an effective and safer alternative to daily supplementation.ObjectivesTo assess the effects of intermittent iron supplementation, alone or in combination with other vitamins and minerals, on nutritional and developmental outcomes in children from birth to 12 years of age compared with a placebo, no intervention or daily supplementation.Search methodsWe searched the following databases on 24 May 2011: CENTRAL (2011, Issue 2), MEDLINE (1948 to May week 2, 2011), EMBASE (1980 to 2011 Week 20), CINAHL (1937 to current), POPLINE (all available years) and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). On 29 June 2011 we searched all available years in the following databases: SCIELO, LILACS, IBECS and IMBIOMED. We also contacted relevant organisations (on 3 July 2011) to identify ongoing and unpublished studies.Selection criteriaRandomised and quasi-randomised trials with either individual or cluster randomisation. Participants were children under the age of 12 years at the time of intervention with no specific health problems. The intervention assessed was intermittent iron supplementation compared with a placebo, no intervention or daily supplementation.Data collection and analysisTwo authors independently assessed the eligibility of studies against the inclusion criteria, extracted data from included studies and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies.Main resultsWe included 33 trials, involving 13,114 children (~49% females) from 20 countries in Latin America, Africa and Asia. The methodological quality of the trials was mixed.Authors\u2019 conclusionsIntermittent iron supplementation is efficacious to improve haemoglobin concentrations and reduce the risk of having anaemia or iron deficiency in children younger than 12 years of age when compared with a placebo or no intervention, but it is less effective than daily supplementation to prevent or control anaemia. Intermittent supplementation may be a viable public health intervention in settings where daily supplementation has failed or has not been implemented. Information on mortality, morbidity, developmental outcomes and side effects, however, is still lacking.CC999999/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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