1,720,978 research outputs found
Understanding and evaluating environmental costs of manufacturing: The industrial management perspectives
No full textIt is noted that the collection, processing, recycling, and disposal of manufacturing-generated waste presents a significant engineering problem and a new major challenge to industrial engineers and managers. The author attempts to make industrial engineers and managers recognize that, in today\u27s manufacturing, environmental-related waste avoidance and other considerations are very much among the key determinants of the success and failure of an enterprise. Thus, an effort is made to improve the thinking of these professionals and to provide a first step toward an integrated approach based on IE and EM principles in dealing with environmental costs and related problems, and for including these in a manufacturing program for actions
La rupture utérine au Centre de Santé de Référence de Bougouni : aspects cliniques thérapeutiques et pronostic
No full textL'objectif de notre étude était d'évaluer les effets indésirables liés à la prise des ARV chez les enfants infectés par le VIH au CESAC de Bamako. L'étude s'est déroulée au CESAC de Bamako durant la période du 1er Février 2015 au 30 Avril 2015. Il s'agissait d'une étude descriptive rétrospective et prospective. Nous avons inclus les enfants âgés de 2 ans à 15 ans ayant aux moins 6 mois de traitement sous ARV et qui a initié son traitement au CESAC, présentant des effets indésirables après initiatives du traitement ARV. Nous avions travaillé sur 60 enfants sous ARV au CESAC pendant la période de l'étude. Le recueil de données sur les effets secondaires s'est basé principalement sur les informations recueillies auprès des parents des malades et leurs bilans biologiques. La tranche d'âge de 36 à 95 mois était la plus représentée dans notre série. Le sexe masculin était prédominant soit 56,7%. Les enfants avec un poids entre 20 et 24,9 kg étaient les plus fréquents à l'inclusion soit 33,3%. Le taux de CD4 était supérieur à 350 Cellules /mm3 soit 86,7% au moment des effets indésirables. Le taux de charge virale plasmatique inferieure de moins de 50 copies/mm3 était présent au moment de l'effet indésirable. L'étude a permis d'établir qu'un effet indésirable était fréquemment rencontré. La nature des ces EI étaient en majorité l'anémie, les troubles digestifs (diarrhée vomissement), cutanés et l'allergie. L'anémie a été l'effet indésirable principal retrouvée chez 50% de nos patients avec une toxicité sévère à 5% selon l'échelle de l'OMS. Les effets secondaires digestifs à type de vomissements ont été retrouvés dans 20% suivi de l'allergie de grade I (15 %) ; effets de type cérébelleux de grade I ( 8,3%), la fièvre de grade I et II (10%), l'hypoglycémie 10%, les réactions cutanées de grade I et II ( 7, 4% ), type humeur de grade I (6,7% ),les nausées de grade II (5%), type créatininemie (3,3%) , type myalgies grade I ( 1,7% ) ,diarrhée de grade III (1,7%), une dysphagie de grade II . L'avènement des antirétroviraux a suscité un grand espoir dans la prise en charge des patients VIH positifs, espoir confirmé dans le temps. La nature des ces EI étaient en majorité l'anémie, les troubles digestifs (diarrhée vomissement), cutanés et l'allergie
Rupture utérine au centre de santé de référence de Bougouni : Aspects cliniques, thérapeutiques, et pronostic
No full textLa rupture utérine constitue une des principales causes de mortalité maternelle et foetale au Mali. Durant ces 4 ans d'étude nous avons enregistré 3154 accouchements dont 99 cas de rupture utérine (3,1 p.100 ). La fréquence de la rupture utérine est de 3,1 p.100 . Les grandes multipares sont les plus affectées. En plus de la multiparité, la désunion de cicatrice de césarienne et la HU excessive sont les principaux facteurs de risques de cette complication de l'accouchement. L'hystérorraphie a été pratiquée dans 91,9 p.100 des cas. Les suites opératoires ont été simples dans 59,6 p.100 des cas. Les létalités maternelle et foetale sont respectivement de 2 p.100 et de 83,9 p.100 . La rupture utérine est une urgence chirurgicale et son pronostic sera amélioré par une prévention efficace
Experimental investigation of human and machine-vision arrangements in inspection tasks
No full textThe traditional job of a quality control inspector, whether human or a machine-vision device, is to discriminate products into acceptable and non-acceptable items. The performance of inspectors can be measured in terms of rejecting non-acceptable items (Type I error) or classifying non-acceptable items as acceptable (Type II error). Reinspection is often used afterward to remedy this situation if required. Unfortunately, all such inspections remain prone to errors. This paper uses an experimental investigation to research the various ways in which the positive attributes of human and machine-vision inspection systems can be arranged to achieve enhanced system performance in industrial inspection tasks. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Linking standardization and quality. Some manufacturing implications
No full textFirst, we review some fundamental issues involved in the development of standards and examine the interrelationships between standards and quality in process control and other related activities. Next, we examine some related critical implications in manufacturing. Then, we introduce formal mathematical models of two important decision problems in the practice of standardization and in the economic selection of a standard. We illustrate the use of these models towards minimization of possible adaptation losses as a consequence of standardization choices in manufacturing. We suggest possible procedures to improve manufacturing \u27quality\u27 through an improvement of \u27standards,\u27 and we propose a phase approach with practical steps for implementing such procedures. Overall, the paper clarifies some important modeling issues for an effective practice of standardization in quality control related tasks, and points to possible opportunities for further research in this area of critical importance to manufacturing successes
Information derivability analysis for quality assurance information management systems
No full textPresently, international economic competition is increasing at a rapid rate. As a consequence, quality and productivity have become the two most critical issues for manufacturing companies. This paper proposes a specialized type of information system to upgrade quality control management practices and to take advantage of recent advances in manufacturing systems and information systems. It outlines some of the benefits and problems related to the development of a Quality Assurance Information Management System (QAIMS), and offers useful suggestions for the preliminary phases of the analysis and design of such a system. QAIMS is a computerized documentation and decision tool centered on quality-related activities. Equipped with a well designed QAIMS, management can reduce communication gaps and maximize interactions between and within all manufacturing and business entities. The QAIMS would help to incorporate consumer feedback in product design and manufacturing, quality control and maintenance, productivity improvements, and greater efficiencies in production and services. With a well-designed QAIMS, management can also make long-range strategic plans to compete effectively. © 1990
A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR THE DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF MULTI-PHASE TRAINER INSTRUCTOR/OPERATOR STATION IN FLIGHT SIMULATORS
Get PDFA significant problem encountered in designing flight simulator device training programs is the of lack a decision support system (DSS) providing a unified methodology for establishing appropriate training criteria and optimal training device parameters. This paper presents an efficient DSS for cost-effectiveness analysis for the optimal design of the Instructor Operator Station (IOS) in flight simulators. This IOS can be used to teach a multiple of training phases. This DSS integrates three relatively distinct areas: (1) learning curve modeling, (2) economic analysis, and (3) multi-criteria decision making for the design tradeoffs optimization. The paper presents the methods for deriving the IOS design configurations from an initial broadly defined set of training objectives and the related training taxonomy of training devices from the training expert\u27s opinions. The data requirement for making the design tradeoff decisions and the methods and sources of that data are also proposed in this paper. This DSS is designed to assist engineers and training specialists in their decision making for simulators and other training device design and development projects
A Method for Quality Precoordination in a Quality Assurance Information System
No full textThe paper introduces a new concept of an information center for planning and controlling the quality of products and processes in a factory. This center is called the Quality Assurance Information System (QAIS), and its role is to tie together through quality related functions, in design, manufacturing, distribution, sales and other factory management systems to optimize overall factory performance. This paper views the quality functions of QAIS as carried out through coordination and precoordination activities. While coordination is a well known concept, precoordination is new. It aims at organizing the participation of all subsystems in the factory network in the planning of new product development, and in providing methodologies for system evaluation and trade-off analysis for better solutions and integration. This paper presents a formal approach for dealing with precoordination activities. It proposes a methodology for the quantitative evaluation and selection of complex systems satisfying desired product or process quality requirements from a number of the factory\u27s subsystems. Practical steps on how to implement precoordination are presented and the methodology is illustrated through a case example. © 1991 IEEE
A Model for Instructor Training Analysis in Simulation-Based Flight Training
No full textTraining plays a pivotal role in the manpower development process in organizations. Successful execution of the organizational missions depends on the overall effectiveness of the underlying training programs. The current research is a part of the authors’ developmental work in this direction, and addresses the training of instructors in simulation-based flight training systems. A flight simulator complex is usually used to train student pilots as well as flight instructors, and the training requirements and methodologies for these two groups are quite different. In earlier work, the authors modeled the student training process and developed a decision support system for the cost-effective design of instructor operator stations (lOS’s) in flight simulators. In this research, the instructor training process is modeled and a methodology for determining instructor training plans is developed. A framework for instructor training analysis, in terms of the identification of instructor skill requirements, methods of training instructors, and the development of instructor training plans, is described. The framework is developed from a study of training system characteristics conducted using a group of experts in flight simulation. The system developed in this research has been integrated with the framework for IOS design developed earlier. The instructor training model and its implications from the IOS characteristics are presented, and directions for future research in this area are provided. © 1990 IEE
- …
