510 research outputs found
The Relationship between the WES Interventions and the Incidence of Diarrhoea
No full textAccess to clean drinking water and sanitation facilities have a direct positive impact on health through prevention of water-borne diseases, especially diarrhoeal morbidity of children. Lack of WES (Water and Environmental Sanitation) services and poor hygiene practices in Pakistan contribute significantly to the prevalence of diarrhoea, a major cause of infant death and children less than five years of age. The estimates show that about 30 percent of total deaths among children are attributed to diarrhoeal disease [Gallup (2001); UNICEF (2000)], and 4.1 years in life expectancy can be added if water borne diseases are eliminated [Ali and Haq (2003)]. Hence, reduction of diarrhoeal morbidity stands out as an important policy goal, which can ultimately lead to reduction in infant/child mortality. In this paper, we shall examine the relationship of WES interventions with that of the incidence of diarrhoea among children under age 10.
Fracture toughness and failure mechanism of high performance concrete incorporating carbon nanotubes
No full textCement and concrete composites are inherently brittle and exhibit very less tensile/flexural strength capacity as compared to their compressive strength. Use of thoroughly dispersed carbon nanotubes in the concrete matrix is one of the possible solution for enhancing mechanical properties in tension/flexure. In the present research work, small fractions of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) i.e. 0.05 and 0.10 wt% of cement have been integrated into the cement concrete to study their effect on the mechanical properties of the resultant concrete mixtures. The enhanced performance of the whole mix lies on a single point that MWCNTs must be thoroughly disperse in the mixture. Hence, special arrangement through usage of high energy sonication along with amended acrylic based polymer (performing as a surfactant) was made to have a uniform dispersion of MWCNTs in the concrete mix. The testing of concrete samples includes i.e., flexure, splitting tensile and compressive strengths after 3, 7, 28 and 56 days of curing. After having comparison with the control mix cured for 28 days, it was observed that the addition of 0.05 wt% MWCNTs increased the splitting tensile strength by 20.58%, flexural strength by 26.29% and compressive strength by 15.60%. Through above results, which verify the increase in concrete mix strength after adding MWCNTs, these MWCNTs may be incorporated in the treatment of Nano/micro cracks completed through process of connecting, branching and pinning. Similarly, as proved in threepoint bending tests, MWCNTs also enhances the breaking strains as well as the fracture energy of the concrete mixes, besides, imparting increase to the strength. The investigations have shown that incorporating lesser amounts of MWCNTs i.e., 0.05 and 0.10 wt% of cement to the concrete mixes after insuring there complete dispersion, unusually improve their properties like mechanical strengths and fracture behavio
Spatial distribution of dust-bound trace elements in Pakistan and their implications for human exposure
No full textWomen’s Autonomy and Happiness: The Case of Pakistan
No full textIt is generally believed that “autonomy” brings happiness and satisfaction in women’s lives. In this study we examine whether or not the established autonomy indicators are a source of “happiness” for Pakistani women. By using the nationally representative data, only two indicators, i.e., “women’s education” and “decisionmaking authority”, prove to be important factors in finding “very happy” status in women’s life. Additionally, “possession of assets” also proves to be an important factor in providing the “very happy” status in a women’s life. However, the “possession and utilisation of assets” and “going alone outside the house” are not important indicators of a “very happy” status in women’s life in Pakistan and “Labour force participation” is indicative of unhappiness. The results of this study show that not all established indicators of autonomy bring about happiness in the lives of Pakistani women. This is because Pakistani society differs from other societies, in particular the western society, and hence the concept of “autonomy” in bringing about “happiness” in the lives of Pakistani women yields effects different from those in other societies. Thus, there is a need to focus on the advocacy of only those autonomy variables which lead to happiness in a woman’s life, which is the end-goal for women, who form a vital part of the society.Women
Factors affecting women entrepreneurs' success: A study of small- and medium-sized enterprises in emerging market of Pakistan
No full textIn the present era, women are recognized as successful entrepreneurs through their strong desire, qualities, and capabilities for robust economic development. Due to such an important contribution of women in economic development, we propose to investigate the factors which affect women entrepreneur's success in Pakistan. Data were collected through structured questionnaires from 181 registered SMEs operating in Pakistan. A conceptual model is developed, while SPSS and AMOS software's are used for analysis. The results indicate that the internal factors including the need for achievements, risk-taking, and self-confidence and external factors including economic factors and socio-cultural factors have a positive and significant influence on the success of women-owned enterprises. This research recommends Small and Medium Enterprises Development Authority (SMEDA), policymakers, and practitioners to encourage women entrepreneurs to run their businesses for the long term by providing a variety of incentives and supports related to those internal and external factors. Numerous studies have been conducted to test the different factors' effects on women's entrepreneurial success, but our study investigated some psychological, cultural, and religious factors that are still almost untouched especially in Pakistan. The current study also contributes to the existing literature through empirical shreds of evidence
The Relationship between the WES Interventions and the Incidence of Diarrhoea
No full textAccess to clean drinking water and sanitation facilities have
a direct positive impact on health through prevention of water-borne
diseases, especially diarrhoeal morbidity of children. Lack of WES
(Water and Environmental Sanitation) services and poor hygiene practices
in Pakistan contribute significantly to the prevalence of diarrhoea, a
major cause of infant death and children less than five years of age.
The estimates show that about 30 percent of total deaths among children
are attributed to diarrhoeal disease [Gallup (2001); UNICEF (2000)], and
4.1 years in life expectancy can be added if water borne diseases are
eliminated [Ali and Haq (2003)]. Hence, reduction of diarrhoeal
morbidity stands out as an important policy goal, which can ultimately
lead to reduction in infant/child mortality. In this paper, we shall
examine the relationship of WES interventions with that of the incidence
of diarrhoea among children under age 10
Decentralized Voting System Based on Regions Using Facial Recognition
No full textThe proposed system for voting in this project provides a decentralized platform on which all relevant voting information will be available to the public; therefore, security and transparency are the primary objectives of this project. This system uses facial recognition which helps the Election Commission to avoid rigging, bogus results, disputes, and uncertain situations. It uses artificial intelligence for facial recognition of the voters by validating it with a dummy database in which complete detail of a person is available including name, father's name, id number, thumb impression, photo, etc. Then voters can cast their vote easily. Our project infrastructure includes the admin panel which requires login credentials. The system is restricted and cannot be accessed outside of the polling station. In the polling station, firstly, the voter has to input their legal details (NIC) for authentication which redirects the voter to the Facial Recognition window, where the voter's face is validated through this method then all the candidates’ lists will be displayed on the screen of the voter. The program keeps the vote count of every candidate on submission of each vote and displays the result of the election as soon as the voting process ends, which means no delay in results. As our system is a Decentralized system, it also sends the vote count to every node in an encrypted way
Strategy and Factors Affecting the Supply Chain of Manufacturing Industries in Saudi Arabia
No full textSupply chain management is becoming very important in the agile manufacturing industries of nowadays. It is imperative to study the strategy and factors affecting the integration of supply chain management in company’s operating divisions. Forecasting and quality functions should be integrated in supply chains. It is assumed that SCM can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of company’s transformation process. Hence it is important for companies in Saudi Arabia to follow this trend and began implementing SCM to squeeze the excessive fat out of their operations. The paper will start by general introduction with an overview about supply chain management. Then, it will summarize the theoretical background for strategy. In next section method and research methodology will be discussed with analysis of results. Finally, the paper will close with a conclusion Keywords: Supply Chain Management, Strategy, Factors, Manufacturing industries, Lean and Agile Supply Chain
Is Supply Chain Management Important To Implement In Manufacturing Industries of Saudi Arabia?
No full textSupply Chain management is becoming very crucial for the survival of world class enterprises. Economic slowdowns are pronouncing major stresses to keep critical products & suppliers moving, manage inventory levels efficiently and maintain productivity. In this paper we intend to emphasize on studying the existing supply chain of Saudi Arabia. SCOR model would be utilized to interpret the problems in SCM and generate alternative solution. Performance measurement methods would be induced to monitor performance, reveal progress, enhance motivation and diagnose problems in Saudi Manufacturing Industries . The paper will start by general introduction with an overview about supply chain management. Then, it will summarize the literature work that has been done so far with advantages of supply chain management. In next section, problem definition and analysis approach will be discussed. Finally, the paper will close with a conclusion Keywords: Supply Chain Management, Supply Chain Performance, Manufacturing indutsry, SCOR, Performance Managemen
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