119 research outputs found
Remittances and Poverty Linkages in Pakistan: Evidence and Some Suggestions for Further Analysis
No full textGlobal remittances experienced a dramatic increase over the years, particularly since 1990 wherein the developing world emerged to be the major beneficiary accounting for 60 percent of the total amount. Because of the sheer volume, and magnitude of the remittances, and pre-eminence of these flows compared to the FDIs, development assistance and in some cases the trade related transactions, the development practitioners tended to focus and investigate the importance of remittances which are generally regarded as a dependable source for growth, improved welfare and poverty alleviation in the developing world. Given the fact that remittances flows entail wide ranging ramifications both for sending as well as receiving countries, difficult to be generalised, hence empirical evidence has been mounted though lack of consensus is visible.
Profit-Sharing Deposit Accounts in Islamic Banking: Analysing the Perceptions and Attitudes of the Malaysian Depositors
No full textIslamic banking deposits are fundamentally structured in a different way than the conventional banking deposits. Each type of Islamic banking deposits, such as savings, demand, and timed deposits, is devised using the approved Shari’ah contracts such as qard, wadiah, murabahah, and mudarabah. These contracts are opposed to the conventional concepts, as they are based on the concept of a ‘lender-borrower’ relationship. In addition, the Shari’ah-approved contracts are unique as they feature a different nature of risk and return. This is especially the case for mudarabah contracts (henceforth referred to as profit-sharing contracts). The uniqueness of profit-sharing contracts in deposit products has been given due recognition in theory and also in practice, as most of the Islamic banks in Malaysia offered this product. In addition, the unique features and characteristics of profit-sharing based deposit accounts are also highlighted in the prudential standards issued by prominent regulatory bodies such as AAOIFI and IFSB which, have been adopted by the Bank Negara Malaysia (Central Bank of Malaysia).
Nevertheless, it is argued by many Islamic banks practitioners, especially in Malaysia, that the concept of profit-sharing in deposits products is not practical in reality, because the depositors do not behave according to, nor accept the principles that have been laid down in the Shari’ah. Thus it is argued that both the depositors and the Islamic bankers have treated the product similar to any other conventional banking deposits products.
The main aim of this study, hence, is to explore and examine the level of awareness, knowledge, perceptions, and attitude of the Islamic banking depositors in Malaysia towards characteristics of profit-sharing deposits accounts in accordance with the fundamental Shari’ah principles but also the regulations prevailing. In addition, this research also attempts to explore the significant determinant factors that encourage the depositors to engage with Islamic banking deposits accounts in general and profit-sharing deposits accounts in particular.
In fulfilling the aim of the study, primary data collection research was adopted through a survey questionnaire technique. The questionnaires were distributed to eight Islamic banks representing various types of Islamic banks in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. The questionnaire asked various pertinent questions, which intended to elicit the depositors’ opinions, perceptions, and attitudes towards the unique characteristics of profit-sharing contract as specified in Shari’ah muamalah principles. The characteristics among others are: (i) concept of uncertain deposits returns; (ii) concept of non-guarantee for the deposits; (iii) concept of profit equalization reserve. A total 649 of the returned questionnaires were complete and fit for analysis purpose. The data were analysed using various statistical analysis techniques ranging from simple frequency distribution analysis to the more advanced analyses such as non-parametric statistical analysis, factor analysis, and logistic regression.
In general, the results of the study show that the level of awareness of the need to have Islamic banking deposits accounts because of religious reasons is considered as high among the Malaysian depositors. Nevertheless, the results also indicate that a high level of awareness is not being translated into a high level of understanding concerning the objectives of the products which are structured in accordance to the Shari’ah-compliant contracts. This can be seen in the major findings of this study: the characteristics of profit-sharing contracts, which arguably are the most desirable Shari’ah-compliant contracts, are not acceptable to the depositors. This indirectly implies that they are still strongly influenced by the nature of conventional banking products. In addition, the logistics regression results further proved that related factors (‘financial services’ and ‘income’) emerged as the main determinants in creating demand for profit-sharing deposits accounts.
The results of the research should draw the attention of the Islamic bankers and also the regulators to finding ways for improving the level of understanding among the depositors. However, the critical successful factor in educating the depositors is highly dependent on the level of knowledge exhibited by the Islamic bankers themselves, which can be a real concern as highlighted by the findings of this study
Liberal theory and Islam: (re)imagining the interaction of religion, law, state and society in Muslim contexts
No full textWithin the global phenomenon of the (re)emergence of religion into issues of public debate, one of the most salient issues confronting contemporary Muslim societies is how to relate the legal and political heritage that developed in pre-modern Islamic polities to the political order of the modern states in which Muslims now live.
This study seeks to develop a framework for addressing this issue by drawing upon two sources. The first is an interpretative understanding of the history of Muslim contexts emphasising, in particular, the diversity of views about what Islam mandates that have always been a part of Muslim experience and the distinction between political and religio-legal authority that developed in practice in these environments. The second source is a variety of contemporary liberal theory which this study develops and calls ‘justice as discourse’.
The central argument is that liberal theory, and justice as discourse in particular, though it may have emerged in a different social and cultural milieu, can be normatively useful in Muslim contexts for relating, religion, law, state and society. It is argued first, that Muslim contexts are facing issues similar to those out of which liberal theory emerged. Additionally, it is argued that both Muslim contexts and liberal theory are dynamic and continually developing and that this shared dynamism means that there may be space for convergence of the two. Just as Muslim contexts have developed historically (and continue to develop today) the same is the case with the requisites of liberal theory and this may allow for liberal choices to be made in a manner that is not a renunciation of Muslim heritage
An efficient image encryption scheme based on double affine substitution box and chaotic system
No full textPrivacy of information is one of the most important and unavoidable issues in our digitally advance era. A huge amount of information transmitted over different servers and networking protocols. The sphere of digitally advanced world is tied with information in different forms of facilitations, which includes online banking systems, ecommerce and many more. Providing the ease of access, anything online makes our confidential information open to different threats. Therefore, to enjoy ease of access and at the same time secure our digital information from theft, we need a robust information security system. In this article, we have designed a novel and an efficient security system, which provides secrecy to our digital information. The designed encryption scheme is fundamentally a combination of chaos and nonlinear confusion components. We have developed a new mechanism of adding confusion, namely S8 permutation of double affine transformation to construct 40320 new substitution boxes (S-boxes) having nonlinearity 112 from a single S-box. Moreover, nonlinear Lorenz dynamical system is utilized to select any three S-boxes from 40320 newly generated nonlinear components. To add diffusion in our proposed algorithm, we have utilized Chirikov discrete iterative map. The excellence of an offered digital image encryption has been examined and evaluated with standard benchmarks. The simulation results reveal that the quality of the image encryption passes all these tests and is comparable to current benchmarks.The author Sajjad Shaukat Jamal extends his gratitude to Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through research groups program under grant number. R. G. P. 2/150/42 .Scopu
Constructing the Architectonics and Formulating the Articulation of Islamic Governance: A Discursive Attempt in Islamic Epistemology
No full textInternational institutions have promoted a ‘good governance’ agenda as an archetypal model to achieve development for underdeveloped and developing countries. However, closer scrutiny can trace the root of this agenda back to the hegemonic nature of modernity that proposes a specific meta-narrative upon others, as part of Eurocentrism. Many, however, have criticized this Eurocentric paradigm, since the non-Western communities with their own constructed version of ‘good’ in governance have also proven their ability to develop and prosper in the present or in the past. Thus, the cultural and value-laden nature of such vernacular concepts provides the rationale for the existence and practice of other paradigms. In line with this argument, Islam, with its long history of governance and richness of its values can be considered as another alternative, which should be thoroughly examined to disclose and depict its conceptualization and paradigm of ‘good governance’.
The aim of this research, thus, is to explore and analyze the Islamic axioms, foundation principles and values underpinning the field of governance in an attempt to construct the architectonics of a new systemic and dynamic theory and formulate the articulation of ‘Islamic governance’. This discursive and abstract, rather than being an empirical exercise, assumes to produce a ‘good governance’ framework within its own formulation through a value-shaped dynamic model according to maqÉÎid al-SharÊÑah (higher objective of SharÊÑah) by going beyond the narrow remit of classical and contemporary discussions produced on the topic, which propose a certain institutional model of governance based on the classical juristic (fiqh) method. In this new dynamic paradigm, a discourse-oriented approach is taken to establish the philosophical foundation of the model by deriving it from Islamic ontology, which is then articulated using the Islamic epistemological sources to develop and formulate the discursive foundations of this new theoretical framework. A deductive method is applied to the ontological sources and epistemological principles to explain the architectonics of this new theory, which are represented by the constructed axioms, which later help to articulate the working mechanism of the proposed ‘Islamic good governance’ framework through a specifically formulated typology to function as an alternative conceptualization of ‘good governance’.
This study, through an exclusive analytical discursive approach, finds that Islam as one of the major religions in the contemporary world with the claim of promising the underpinning principles and philosophical foundations of worldly affairs and institutions through a micro method of producing homoIslamicus could contribute towards development of societies by establishing a unique model of governance from its explicit ontological worldview through a directed descriptive epistemology. Thus, the research on governance in this study does not only focus on the positivistic materialist components such as institutions or mechanisms or growth per se, but it encompasses the value-laden holistic nature of human life in accordance with the Islamic worldview as an important contribution. In doing so, it formulates the ‘good governance’ in Islam in relation to the conceptualized ‘ihsani social capital’, which constitutes the main thrust of the constructed model. Nonetheless, this generative (non-cumulative) paradigm of looking into the governance issue should be viewed as an incomplete certainty as production of the continuous ijtihad (reasoning) progression will continue to reveal ways through which its working mechanism can be expanded along with potential developments in its philosophical formation
The Islamist movement in Sudan : the impact of Dr Hassal al-Turabi's personality on the movement.
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Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for Automated Networking and Resource Sharing in the Selected Public and Private University Libraries in Bangladesh: A Study
No full textThe main objective of the thesis “Use of Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) for Automated Networking and
Resource Sharing in the Selected Public and Private University
Libraries in Bangladesh: A Study” is to fulfill the partial requirements
for course ISLM-505 of the Masters Degree in Information Science and
Library Management. It is believed that this type of work is inevitably the
result of the collaboration of many great helpers, otherwise continuing
alone with a gigantic mass of scattered materials and on the subject and
their presentation in a form most coherent and consistent can
outbalance the patience of a feeble mind as him. All available papers,
relevant documents, international journals’ articles and some brochures
have been minutely scanned through.
The present study has been discussed under seven broad chapters. The
study discusses the methodology, scope and objectives adopted for
collection, presentation and analysis of data for this study. It focuses the
meaning, need and scope of resource sharing and library networking
and use of ICT facilities for automated networking and resource sharing
and traces the historical growth and development, functions and
services of some selected public and private university libraries in Dhaka
city.
The study also attempts to discuss the present status of resource
sharing and networking of libraries, particularly public and private
university libraries in Dhaka city. It also covers the previous situation,
present condition and future prospects of resource sharing in the public
and private university libraries in Bangladesh and a suitable proposal for
library networking and resource sharing among the public and private
university libraries has been made.
The findings and recommendations from the study should hopefully lead
to a clarification of many problems in the formulation of planning andpolicy making regarding resource sharing and library networking. It is
assumed that it would help the librarians, policy makers and concerned
authority to develop and implement a suitable system to accelerate
library resource sharing activities in Bangladesh.
However, all the possible investigations have been made to collect data
related to the study in order to give a complete picture. It may be useful
as a basic work for future investigators. If the work is found useful to the
planners, librarians and information specialists, the efforts undertaken
would be successful
Preparation of rich handles soft cellulosic fabric using amino silicone based softener. Part-I: Surface smoothness and softness properties
No full textArabic printing in Malta 1825-1845 : Its history and its place in the development of print culture in the Arab Middle East.
No full textSIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D174840 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
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