1,720,972 research outputs found
Role of Life Skills Based Education (LSBE) in Empowerment of Adolescents in Pakistan
No full textChildren and young people are considered the future and face of a society. Children face a number of challenges because of exposure to many new issues and situations in adolescence. . The LSBE has been taught to thousands of students in many areas of Pakistan under projects of different non-governmental organizations. The study was an attempt to explore the role of Life Skills Based Education (LSBE) in developing the capacity of adolescents to feel empowered in taking appropriate decisions in routine daily lives. LSBE is an approach of building capacity of adolescents in the age of puberty to get informed of the issues i.e. communication skills, self-awareness, gender, puberty and body changes, infectious diseases etc. through specially designed curriculums
The study will cover the students and teachers of high schools. For the purpose the target population considered was all the students and teachers of five targeted districts (Islamabad, Lahore, Karachi, Quetta, and Karachi) who studied LSBE under the initiative of and INGO Rutgers WPF . The proposed research adopted both the qualitative and quantitative approaches with a focus on qualitative data to get the reliable information. A sample of 1500 students was taken for the collection of pre-test and post-test data. In addition, data was collected from the students and teachers in the form of the stories of Most Significant Change as well as through FGDs with students and the teachers.
The results shown a significant positive difference in score of students regarding their knowledge of the basic life skills as well as their self-esteem and confidence as improved in addition to acceptance and understanding of puberty and body changes related issues of adolescents. Furthermore, the acceptance of gender just norms and disapproval of gender based violence and behavior change regarding protection from diseases was also reported. Finally, it was found that life skills based education has a positive impact on overall schools’ environment
Between distance and duty: emotional labor in transnational fatherhood among Pakistani migrants in Italy
Full text linkIntroductionTransnational fatherhood presents unique emotional and caregiving challenges, especially for migrant fathers navigating life across borders. Parenthood studies often focused motherhood in the context of transnational families and men are usually seen from the perspectives of labor laws, immigration policies and economy. This phenomenological study explores the lived experiences of Pakistani migrant fathers in Italy, examining how they balance emotional connections and caregiving responsibilities with economic imperatives being away from their families.MethodsThe study adopted phenomenological approach and 30 in depth interviews were conducted with purposively selected Pakistani migrants residing for at least 5 years in Bergamo and Naples, Italy.Results and discussionThe research highlights six key themes such as (1). Emotional pain of physical separation, (2). Helplessness during family illness/crisis, (3). Emotional impact on special occasions, (4). Fear of weakening family bonds, (5). Guilt, Stress, and Identity conflict, and (6). Coping through faith and hope for relieving emotional sufferings and challenging situations. The results explicate that emotional toll of long-distance fatherhood included feelings of loneliness, guilt and sadness and fathering role was exercised through engaging in digital caregiving and regular communication through audio/video calls using digital technology tools. Extreme feelings of stress and anxiety were reported on the specific occasions including illness or death of a family members and special events like birthdays, marriages or religious festivals. The stories of transnational fathers highlighted their turning to religion and accepting is as fate as vital coping mechanism to relieve emotional strain. The study highlights the need for psychosocial initiatives and engaging activities to reduce the feelings of loneliness
Child Abuse in Automobile Workshops in Islamabad, Pakistan
Full text linkEvery year, approximately one million children become victims of abuse by peers, teachers, parents and Ustad (master or the head mechanic). The Ustad sodomize these children at workshops, where they come to gain skills, and earn for their families’ livelihood. The purpose of this study was to analyze the nature and intensity of child abuse in automobile workshops in Islamabad, and to know the self-perception of these victimized children about such actions of their masters. The social learning theory, which is the most applicable theory to study child abuse, explains that the abuse is learned through actions and observations. The masters learned the abusive behavior from their masters, and thus the vicious cycle goes on from one generation to another in the same pattern. The researchers have used the qualitative research approach, and the data were collected from ten (10) automobile workshops in Barakahu, Islamabad, through semi-structured in-depth interviews (IDIs) with the children and their masters. The findings of the research showed that children with ages ranging from 14 to 17 years, work as trainees for more than 11 hours a day, at different automobile workshops in Islamabad, where they fall victim to physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. They faced abuse frequently, but they were unable to complain anywhere, as they deemed it the right of their masters to abuse them. Only a small portion of the respondents accepted the fact that, they have faced sexual abuse in addition to physical and emotional abuse. There is no such formal way through which physical and sexual abuse can be prevented. The majority of the respondents stated that as long as they are under the tutelage of the masters, they can tolerate the abuse, because masters teach them with skills and know-how. Once, they become masters themselves, they get rid of this ill-treatment. The master and some children accomplice in the abuse have a positive impact on children’s learning process, and the parents of these children also encouraged the masters to punish their offsprings during trainings, so they can become perfectly skilled and knowledgeable by the end the target period
Socioeconomic differences in drug use among older people : trends, polypharmacy, quality and new drugs
No full textPolypharmacy and potentially inappropriate drug use (IDU) is a major patient safety and public health concern in the elderly, resulting in an increased likelihood of adverse drug reactions, drug-drug interactions (DDI), hospitalization, poor quality of life and mortality.This doctoral thesis investigated the complex relationship between drug use and socioeconomic position (SEP) and characterized the drug use, quality of prescribing, development of drug use over time, and use of new drugs in the elderly. The data were derived from the Swedish Panel Study of the Living Conditions of the Oldest Old (SWEOLD) project (Studies I and II) and from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (SPDR), National Inpatient Register and Education Register (Studies III and IV). The SWEOLD Project is a national representative, community-based study on living conditions of people aged >=77 years in Sweden. The SPDR is a new health register which contains data on all dispensed prescriptions to the entire Swedish population. The major findings are summarized below.Study I. The relationship between drug use and SEP (measured by education, occupation, or income), was investigated using SWEOLD 2002 survey data. Polypharmacy (use of five or more drugs) was observed in 42% of the elderly. Low education was associated with polypharmacy (OR = 1.46, 95% CI, 1.02-2.07), after controlling for age and sex. The tendency for an association between low education and polypharmacy remained (OR = 1.40, 95% CI 0.96-2.05), however not conclusive, after adjustment for age, sex, comorbidity, and marital status. We did not observe any association between occupation or income and polypharmacy.Study II. Changes in drug use between educational groups during one decade were based on comparison of the two SWEOLD surveys (1992 and 2002). Overall drug use and mean number of drugs used per person increased between the years. The prevalence of polypharmacy increased more than twofold (from 18% in 1992 to 42% in 2002). In both SWEOLD surveys, the less educated reported polypharmacy more often (19% in 1992 and 46% in 2002) than the higher educated (12% in 1992 and 36% in 2002). Potential DDI also increased, both among the less educated (14% in 1992 to 26% in 2002) and the higher educated (18% in 1992 to 24% in 2002). These changes were most prominent among low educated women.Study III. The association of polypharmacy with education was verified using the nationwide SPDR. In addition, relationship between excessive polypharmacy, potential IDU and educational level was investigated. The low educated had a higher probability of polypharmacy (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.10-1.12), excessive polypharmacy (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.13-1.17) and IDU (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.09-1.17), after adjustment for age, sex, comorbidity and type of residential area (urban/rural). Low educated elderly women were slightly more likely to have polypharmacy and excessive polypharmacy and IDU than low educated men.Study IV. The association between educational level and use of newly marketed drugs (NMD) was investigated. Use of NMD was associated with low education (OR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.80 0.88 for =13 years of education), after adjustment for age, sex, type of residential area, and number of dispensed drugs. Decreasing educational attainment was associated with a lower probability of using most of the NMD, especially oseltamivir and ezetimibe.Conclusions: Low socioeconomic position increases the risk of drug use, polypharmacy, excessive polypharmacy, potential IDU, and potential DDI. Polypharmacy, potential DDI, and most kinds of drugs usage have increased within a decade. Although low educated elderly have a higher drug use than high educated, the low educated use new drugs to lesser extent. Today, the main focus of medication safety programs is on clinical aspects. Future programs of rational drug therapy should also involve socioeconomic aspects surrounding drug use. This study shows that inequalities in drug use may exist even in a health care system that claims to ensure a high degree of equity.List of scientific papersI. Haider SI, Johnell K, Thorslund M, Fastbom J (2008). "Analysis of the association between polypharmacy and socioeconomic position among elderly aged >/=77 years in Sweden." Clin Ther 30(2): 419-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.02.010 II. Haider SI, Johnell K, Thorslund M, Fastbom J (2007). "Trends in polypharmacy and potential drug-drug interactions across educational groups in elderly patients in Sweden for the period 1992 - 2002." Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 45(12): 643-53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18184532 III. Haider SI, Johnell K, Ringbäck Weitoft G, Thorslund M, Fastbom J (2008). "The influence of educational level on polypharmacy and inappropriate drug use: a register-based study of over 600,000 older people." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. [Accepted] https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02040.x IV. Haider SI, Johnell K, Ringbäck Weitoft G, Thorslund M, Fastbom J (2008). "Patient educational level and use of newly marketed drugs: a register-based study of over 600,000 older people." Eur J Clin Pharmacol Aug 10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-008-0549-8 </p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN PAKISTANI PHYSICAL THERAPISTS
Full text linkObjectives: To find quality of life (QOL) related to psychological health and its associated factors in Pakistani physical therapists. Methodology: A cross sectional-analytical study was conducted among Pakistani physical therapists, working in different teaching institutes and hospitals. The sample size was (n=464) qualified physical therapists age between 22-50 years selected through convenient sampling technique. Data was collected through general demographic questionnaire including age, gender qualification, marital status, job type, job nature, financial, family and health issues, job satisfaction, overall satisfaction, and for psychological health WHO Quality of Life (WHO-QOL) was used. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 21 and the results were presented as mean±SD, frequency (n) and percentages (%) of physical therapist according to their psychological health and p-value and chi-square test was used to identify association between variables. Results: The mean age of study participant was 27.02±3.79 and mean psychological health score was 36.49±17.38 that showed that average population of PTs had poor psychological health. The psychological health showed significant association (p≤0.05) with gender, nature of job, financial issues, health issues and salary satisfaction. Conclusion: The majority of physical therapists have poor psychological health. The male gender, PTs working in both clinical and academic settings, financial issues, family issues their health status and unsatisfied job contribute in poor quality of life related to psychological health
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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