228 research outputs found
An Analytical Review of Different Concepts of Riba (Interest) in the Sub-Continent
No full textThe traditional concept of Riba (interest) is an excess amount on loan, which creditor receives from debtor on the repayment of loan. There is almost a consensus on the sprit of this concept that it is traditional thought or school; but along with that some other point of views also exist, which present Riba, in somewhat different ways, will be termed as non-traditional approach in this paper. Both of these schools are agreed on the point that, Riba is just restricted to debt, and the increment on it is Riba; but the main difference among these is that: former approach claims that, each and every addition on loan, regardless of purpose and time duration of loan is Riba; but, the later approach demand’s some room for that on different grounds. Actually both of them do not have any sound base. When the concept of unearned income (the income, which is not the result of human labor), is a recognized fact in Islamic economics in different forms, like: ijara (rent), Mudoraba and Mazara’a (Share Cropping); then definitely no logical reason is left to avoid excess income on loan. Both approaches are just unable to give a concrete concept of Riba.Riba, Interest, Rent, Share Cropping
Integrated Systems Modeling for Assessing the Water–Energy Nexus in Pakistan: Lessons Learned From Coupling LEAP–WEAP Planning Approaches
No full textSystems thinking is crucial in developing strategies for managing and allocating resources in complex scenarios. In the Global South, Pakistan faces challenges such as water scarcity and energy crises, which require integrated approaches. This study combines long-range energy alternatives planning (LEAP) with a water evaluation and planning system (WEAP) to explore potential strategies for managing interconnected water and energy resources in Pakistan. The aim of this work is to identify policy flaws and assess the consequences of water–energy decisions in Pakistan. The findings suggest that maintaining the current status quo will hinder Pakistan’s goal of reducing its water consumption by 30% by 2027 and its energy usage by 50% by 2030. Innovative modeling scenarios suggest that energy and water consumption reductions in the agricultural, domestic, industrial, and transport sectors could save up to 15% energy usage by 2050. However, water-saving strategies can inadvertently lead to increased energy consumption, particularly in the agricultural and industrial sectors, with projections reaching an additional 2.8 million tonnes of oil equivalent (MTOE) by 2050. Realizing Pakistan’s policy goals and meeting its targets present considerable challenges for the government, especially against the backdrop of severe economic conditions. Current policies necessitate significant investments of 145 billion PKR (∼500 million EUR or USD) for water conservation and an additional 10 billion PKR for energy-conservation measures by 2030. Despite international financial aid, the success of these initiatives is at risk due to political instability, administrative weaknesses, and institutional shortcomings
Islamic Economics system In the Eyes of Maulana Maududi-An Analysis
No full textAttempt has been made to investigate the Islamic Economics System from the perspectives of Maulana Maududi. He is one of the greatest thinkers that Islamic world has ever produced. He was a great scholar, and has written a large number of books, articles and booklets on different aspects of Islam. Economics has been one of the fields of his interest. It may be said that at least in the Sub-Continent, he was the person, who has established “Economics of Islam” as a separate branch of knowledge. In this context, he has highlighted the characteristics, principles and objectives of this system. On the pattern set by him, a large number of Muslim economic thinkers have followed his line of thinking. According to Maulana Maududi basic principles of Islamic economic systems are: private ownership, limits of halal and haram, economic equality, free economy and welfare role of state. Whereas this system is established to achieve the objectives of human liberty, simultaneous development of material and moral growth, establishment of justice, equal distribution of wealth, fulfillment of basic needs of people and co-ordination between different groups of society.Islamic economic system, Principles, Objectives.
Mediterranean Sea Struggle between Turkey and Greece and its Implications for the Existence of NATO and the Way Forward
No full textThe Mediterranean Sea has been a vital passage since time immemorial. It was the cultural and ideological fault line between empires in eastern and western countries. Contrary to its previous past, the last century saw the peaceful sea. However, Greece and Turkey’s recent standstill ruins this ideal time. Turkey’s assertive policies to explore gas and oil in the Mediterranean Sea, known as the Blue Homeland approach, have been a significant disruption in the region’s status quo. The presence of France, Egypt, and the UAE in the dispute has exacerbated this rivalry. The negotiated conflict settlement is essential; otherwise, NATO’s very existence and regional stability are in danger. The author explains the conflict actors’ their interests and introduces the potential solution to this conflict and NATO alliance revitalization that could end Russian aggression in the region
Monitoring Discrete Activities of Daily Living of Young & Older Adults using 5.8 GHz Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Radar and ResNet Algorithm
No full textWith numerous applications in distinct domains, especially healthcare, human activity detection is of utmost significance. The objective of this study is to monitor activities of daily living using the publicly available dataset recorded in nine different geometrical locations for ninety-nine volunteers including young and older adults (65+) using 5.8 GHz Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar. In this work, we experimented with discrete human activities, for instance, walking, sitting, standing, bending, and drinking, recorded for 10 s and 5 s. To detect the list of activities mentioned above, we obtained the Micro-Doppler signatures through Short-time Fourier transform using MATLAB tool and procured the spectrograms as images. The acquired data of the spectrograms are trained, validated, and tested exploiting a state-of-the-art deep learning approach known as Residual Neural Network (ResNet). Moreover, the confusion matrix, model loss, and classification accuracy are used as performance evaluation metrics for the trained ResNet model. The unique skip connection technique of ResNet minimises the overfitting and underfitting issue, consequently resulting accuracy rate up to 91%
الأسلوب الأدبي في رحلات العلامة أبي الحسن علي الندوي
No full textAbul Hassan Ali Al-Nadawi (1999) is an indian scholar, author, preacher, Islamic thinker, Arabic and Urdu writer and author of several books in different fields.
He traveled to many Islamic and Western countries, and wrote his impressions and observations of his travels, in his various books, the most important of which are;
The journey of life (three volumes), Two weeks in the Far Morocco, From the River Kabul to the River Yarmouk, The notes of a tourist in the East and West, Journeys of Nadwi.
In this article, I will introduce Allama Nadwi and literary aspects of his travel literature. I will explain the concept of literary style, the artistic construction of the journeys of the Allama Nadwi, with examples from his travels
Wireless Sensing for Human Activity Recognition using USRP
No full textArtificial Intelligence (AI) in tandem wireless technologies is providing state-of-the-art techniques human motion detection for various applications including intrusion detection, healthcare and so on. Radio Frequency (RF) signal when propagating through the wireless medium encounters reflection and this information is stored when signals reach the receiver side as Channel State information (CSI). This paper develops an intelligent wireless sensing prototype for healthcare that can provide quasi-real time classification of CSI carrying various human activities obtained using USRP wireless devices. The dataset is collected from the CSI of USRP devices when a volunteer sits down or stands up as a test case. A model is created from this dataset for making predictions on unknown data. Random forest was able to provide the best results with an accuracy result to 96.70% and used for the model. A wearable device dataset was used as a benchmark to provide a comparison in performance of the USRP dataset
A Cross-Sectoral Investigation of the Energy–Environment–Economy Causal Nexus in Pakistan: Policy Suggestions for Improved Energy Management
No full textThis paper explored the energy–environment–economy (EEE) causal nexus of Pakistan, thereby reporting the causal determinants of the EEE nexus by employing the newly developed modified Peter and Clark (PC) algorithm. The modified PC algorithm was employed to investigate the causal ordering of energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth across Pakistan’s domestic, industrial, transportation and agricultural sectors. An empirical comparison, i.e., following Monte Carlo simulation experiments demonstrates that the proposed modified PC algorithm is superior to the original PC proposition and can differentiate between true and spurious nexus causalities. Our results show that significant causality is running from energy consumption in industrial and agricultural sectors towards economic growth. There is no causal association between energy consumption and economic growth in the domestic and transportation sectors. On the other hand, causality runs from energy consumption in the transportation, domestic and industrial sectors towards CO2 emissions. It is concluded that energy consumption in industrial and agricultural sectors leads to economic growth alongside the associated CO2 emissions. On the other hand, the contribution of domestic and transportation sectors in economic growth is trivial with significant CO2 emissions. This paper provides novel empirical evidence of impacts of energy mismanagement at sectoral levels, economic output and environmental consequences; alongside policy recommendations for sustainable energy-based development on the national scale
Impacts of Oil Palm Plantations on Climate Change: A Review of Peat Swamp Forests’ Conversion in Indonesia
No full textIndonesia possesses a rich biodiversity with abundant natural resources such as tropical rain and peat swamp forests, oil and gas deposits, and fertile soils just to name a few. The state policies on natural resource management were decentralized and the power and local autonomy rights were given to provincial and district governments. This resulted in an enormous expansion of oil palm plantations across the country especially over the last three decades. On the one hand it boosted the country’s economy by bringing foreign money reserves, but on the other hand has led to severe deforestation, shifting cultivation, peat swamp forests conversion and land degradation. Thus, due to the severity of these environmental consequences and associated climate change implications, oil palm development has received significant attention from all stakeholders and is the subject of global debate. This paper aims to discuss the results of various studies regarding emissions of GHGs from oil palm plantations in Indonesia and highlights the fundamental methodologies followed in assessing GHGs emissions. We found throughout contradictions in the reported rates of oil palm encroachment over peatland and GHG emissions. The former because of diverse methodologies followed in each study i.e. different amounts of time spent in the field, scales of study area, analytical techniques in GIS (data sets and supplementary remote sensing); and the later because of both differences in instrumentation and underlying principles; such as indirect GHG assessments from subsurface drainage(level of water table), subsidence, soil and biomass carbon stock differences, autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration, close chamber methods, eddy covariance techniques and utilization of micrometeorological stations. Finally, the review concludes that almost all studies demonstrate a linear increase in oil palm plantations and proclaim a net negative climate change impact due to conversion from peat swamp forests to oil palm plantations. Therefore, it is being suggested that the pre-existing GHG inventories data should be further worked out to developa ‘standard carbon sequestration model for peatlands’, supported by updated countrywide peatlands mapping and policy reforms which should address both economic development from the oil palm sector and consider mitigation of GHG emissions from peatlands conversion
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