442 research outputs found
FIGURES 3–6. Anaticola crassicornis. 3. Male, ventral view. 4 in Anaticola crassicornis (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) on wild geese from Pakistan
No full textFIGURES 3–6. Anaticola crassicornis. 3. Male, ventral view. 4. Terminalia of male in dorsal view (including segments VI–X). 5. Terminalia of female. 6. Male genitalia, ventral view.Published as part of Naz, Saima, Rizvi, Syed Anser & Sychra, Oldrich, 2010, Anaticola crassicornis (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) on wild geese from Pakistan, pp. 60-66 in Zootaxa 2659 (1) on page 63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2659.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/530216
Systematic review of educational interventions to improve the uptake of post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD)
No full textDEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND STRESS IN RURAL AND URBAN POPULATION OF ISLAMABAD
No full textBackground: Depression, anxiety and stress are most prevalent causes of disease burden in common population. Due to rapid economic and social changes same increasing trend of these disorders has also been observed in Pakistan. Objective: To compare level of depression, anxiety and stress between rural and urban population of Islamabad, Pakistan. Methodology: A cross-sectional comparative survey was administered on a sample of n=386 participants. A total of n=193 participants belonged to rural population and n=193 belonged to urban population of Islamabad. Participants were interviewed and responses were rated on Depression Anxiety Stress 21 scale (DASS). Data was analyzed by using frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation. To compare rural and urban population independent t-test was used. Results: The mean age of study participants was 32.46±9 years and 33.75±9.98 years in urban and rural population respectively. There was no significant difference at p≥0.05 between total scores of depression, anxiety and stress among rural and urban participants. Conclusion: Rural and urban population of Islamabad does not vary significantly on the basis of depression, anxiety and stress level. Keywords: Anxiety, DASS 21, Depression, Anxiety, Islamabad, Pakista
A review of randomized controlled trials of medical record powered clinical decision support system to improve quality of diabetes care
No full textBACKGROUND: A gap between current diabetes care practice and recommended diabetes care standards has consistently been reported in the literature. Many IT-based interventions have been developed to improve adherence to the quality of care standards for chronic illness like diabetes.OBJECTIVE: The widespread implementation of electronic medical/health records has catalyzed clinical decision support systems (CDSS) which may improve the quality of diabetes care. Therefore, the objective of the review is to evaluate the effectiveness of CDSS in improving quality of type II diabetes care. Moreover, the review aims to highlight the key indicators of quality improvement to assist policy makers in development of future diabetes care policies through the integration of information technology and system.SELECTION OF STUDY: Setting inclusion criteria, a systematic literature search was conducted using Medline, Web of Science and Science Direct. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tools were used to evaluate the quality of studies. Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected for the review. In the selected studies, seventeen clinical markers of diabetes care were discussed. Three quality of care indicators were given more importance in monitoring the progress of diabetes care, which is consistent with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines. The presence of these indicators in the studies helped to determine which studies were selected for review. Clinical- and process-related improvements are compared between intervention group using CDSS and control group with usual care. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), low density lipid cholesterol (LDL-C) and blood pressure (BP) were the quality of care indicators studied at the levels of process of care and clinical outcome.FINDINGS: The review has found both inconsistent and variable results for quality of diabetes care measures. A significant improvement has been found in the process of care for all three measures of quality of diabetes care. However, weak to modest positive results are observed for the clinical measures of the diabetes care indicators. In addition to this, technology adoption of CDSS is found to be consistently low.CONCLUSION: The review suggests the need to conduct further empirical research using the critical diabetes care indicators (HbA1c, LDL-C and BP) to ascertain if CDSS improves the quality of diabetes care. Research designs should be improved, especially with regard to baseline characteristics, sample size and study period. With respect to implementation of CDSS, rather than a sudden change of clinical work practice, there should instead be an incremental, gradual adoption of technology that minimizes the disruption in clinical workflow
Diploma in Strategic Marketing
No full textDiploma in Strategic Marketing held from 19th June 2021 to 3rd October, 2021 at Center for Executive Education, IBA.
Front Row-Left to Right: Rehan Rauf, Raheel Malik, Kehkashan Mazhar, Saba Hameed, Dr. Saima Hussain, Anusha Malik, Munazza, Kamran Aftab
Back Row-Left to Right: Syed Kashir Uddin, Sameer Malik, Hussain Al Naseer, Munsarim Vahidy, Ghulam Akbar Narejo, Waqar Ahmed, Ali Zeeshanhttps://ir.iba.edu.pk/training-events-gallery/1008/thumbnail.jp
Assessing Heavy Metal Contamination in Commonly Used Fertilizers for Polyculture Fish Ponds and Its Implications for Human Health: A Comprehensive Investigation
No full textOver-fertilizing fish ponds can cause pollution, introducing heavy metals into the food chain and posing health risks. The present study investigated the incidence of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cd, and Cr) in commonly applied fertilizers, including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), triple superphosphate (TSP), and di-ammonium phosphate (DAP), and their association with heavy metals in water, sediment, and cultured fish species (Catla catla, Labeo rohita, and Cyprinus carpio) in polyculture fish ponds. The study was conducted over 4 months, with four groups in triplicates: control (no fertilizer), group 1 (NPK), group 2 (TSP), and group 3 (DAP). Heavy metal analysis was carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometry before and after fertilizer application. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of heavy metals were observed in water and sediment after applying fertilizers, with the most pronounced results in group 3 (DAP) followed by group 2 (TSP). The concentration of heavy metals was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in group 3 (DAP) fertilizers compared to other groups. Compared to the control, the concentration and bioaccumulation of heavy metals were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the fertilizer-applied groups, with notably higher levels in group 3 (DAP). Cluster analysis and the correlation matrix did not show any significant association between the heavy metals and the fertilizers, indicating a complex interplay between the biotic and abiotic factors of the system. The health index (HI) value was < 1 in fish muscles of all studied groups, indicating the fish are safe for consumption. The study recommends monitoring and regulating fertilizer use, especially DAP, to prevent heavy metal contamination, and exploring sustainable alternatives to minimize environmental and health risks.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-024-04409-9https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39394535https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14243/513343https://hdl.handle.net/11570/333983
Anaticola crassicornis
No full textAnaticola crassicornis (Scopoli, 1763) Figs. 1–6 Pediculus crassicornis Scopoli, 1763. Pediculus anatis Fabricius, 1798. Lipeurus squalidus Nitzsch, 1818; Giebel, 1874; Piaget, 1880. Lipeurus rubromaculatus Rudow, 1870. Lipeurus constrictus Kellogg, 1896. Esthinopterum crassicorne Harrison, 1916. Description. Body elongated, narrow, slightly convex at lateral margins (Figs. 1, 2). Head non-circumfaciate, elongate, triangular, narrow anteriorly at preantennal region and wide at postantennal region, temples rounded and smooth, flat dorso-ventrally, prognathous and with lateral hyaline margins. In preantennal region, anterior head margin narrow, clypeal region narrow; hyaline margin present and evident; marginal carina broken laterally, smooth; premarginal carina reduced, discontinuous, separated from postmarginal carina, furnished with 6 pairs of antero-lateral marginal setae, one pair spine like; marginal carinal nodus absent; dorsal carina absent; ventral carina complete band around oral fossa (pulvinus); transverse carina absent; preantennal nodus small, reduced; conus pointed, smaller than scape in both sexes; trabecula absent; clypeus with characteristic chaetotaxy, 2 short dorsal setae above pulvinus; dorsal anterior plate present, separated from other sclerotization of anterior head by preantennal suture; ventral anterior plate absent; dorsal preantennal suture complete and touching the ends of premarginal carina; pulvinus complete, lobe like, large, slightly depressed anteriorly, fused with ventral carina; torma present. Antennae heteromorphic, long, filiform, exposed, extending posteriorly; scape of male elongate, slender, without lateral process, with few lateral setae; pedicel small, rectangular, not fused with flagellomeres; flagellomere I different in shape from flagellomeres II and III, with lateral extended process; female segments monomorphic, all equal and similar; flagellomere III with sensitive structures, plate sensilla on lateral to ventral side and sensilla trichoidea on distal end; antennal socket shallow. Postantennal region with gular plate present, fused laterally and posteriorly, anterior margin smooth and rounded; temporal margin smooth and rounded, marginal temporal carina complete, thin at posterior, thick at postocular region; 5 marginal temporal setae, of which 1, 4 and 5 with microsetae, 2 spine-like, 3 longest, but not reaching end of prothorax; 1 pair of post-temporal microsetae; postocular setae thorn-like, microsetae behind lens; ocular setae thorn-like, microsetae situated on lens; postocular nodus absent; occipital carina absent, occipital nodus not developed. Thorax divided into two visible segments (prothorax and pterothorax). Prothorax small, roughly rectangular, ventrally articulated to occipital margin of head; anterior setae not seen; postero-lateral setae 1+1, normal; rhombic sclerite cup-shaped. Pterothorax elongate, rectangular, lateral margins slightly concave, smoothly parallel; 4 pairs of posterior macrosetae (2,2+2,2) between lateral setae, macrosetae large; posterior margin straight, smooth, on ventral side weakly V-shaped; trichoid setae present, thorn-like setae present; mesothoracic spiracles pleuro-ventral in position with large atrium; proepimeron expanded, unfused, developed posteriorly towards abdomen; meso-metasternal plate present; meso-metasternal setae minute, 2 pairs as 1,1+1,1; mesofurcal pit absent. Thoracic legs II and III pleuro-coxal in articulation, elongate, simple; coxa and trochanter small; femur and tibia gradually elongated from leg I to III; tarsus 1-segmented, bearing two strong, curved, pointed claws and three hyaline spines. Abdomen elongate, slender, lateral margins straight in male and slightly concave in female, size large in female, tapering towards posterior; segments of equal size except segments II and XI; medio-tergal division present in segment II; submedian to median setae on segments III–VIII absent; latero-posterior setae on segments II and III absent; segments IV and V with 2 pairs, segment VIII with 3 pairs; 1 pair of sternal setae as 1+1 on segments III–VII; 6 pairs of abdominal spiracles with small atria; tergites and sternites weakly sclerotized, pleurites deeply sclerotized to form strong lateral margin; pleural abdominal ribs enlarged; lateral trichoid setae on segment VIII present. Dorsal plate on terminal segments divided into anterior fused segments IX and X and posterior segment XI (Fig. 4), anterior plate limited to tergo-pleurites, tergite XI not fused, bearing 2 pairs of long macrosetae latero-posteriorly between junction of fused segments X and XI; female genitalia comprised of a bilobed vulval sclerite bearing a row of small setae on vulval margin (Fig. 5), situated between segments VIII and IX on ventral side; genital opening vertical, ventro-terminal in position; genital plate weakly sclerotized. Male genitalia (Fig. 6) reaching to segment VI, simple (Figs. 4, 6); basal apodeme of medium width, moderately sclerotized, slender, elongate, straight; paramere short, tube-like, fused anteriorly with lateral mesosomal plate; penis elongated, narrow, tubular, bifid anteriorly, Y-shaped, thickly sclerotized, situated between the mesosomal sclerites; endomeral plate thin and tapering posteriorly into two pointed ends. Measurements (in mm). Male (n = 5): total length (TL): 3.2 (3.1–3.3); head length in midline (HL): 0.72 (0.7–0.75); preantennal width (PAW): 0.34 (0.33–0.35); temporal width (TW): 0.46 (0.45–0.47 mm); pronotal length (PL): 0.19 (0.18–0.2); pronotal width (PW): 0.35 (0.3–0.4); pteronotal length (PtL): 0.485 (0.48–0.49); pteronotal width (PtW): 0.48 (0.475 –0.485); abdominal length in mid line of dorsal side (AL): 1.80 (1.75– 1.85); genitalia length (GL): 0.65 (0.63–0.67); genitalia width at parameres (GW): 0.105 (0.09–0.12); length of parameres (PML): 0.17 (0.15–0.19). Female (n = 5): TL: 3.65 (3.6–3.7); HL: 0.765 (0.76–0.77); PAW: 0.36 (0.34–0.38); TW: 0.47 (0.45–0.49); PL: 0.22 (0.21–0.23); PW: 0.37 (0.36–0.38); PtL: 0.52 (0.51–0.53); PtW: 0.58 (0.56–0.6); AL: 2.39 (2.37–2.41). Material examined. Four males, 10 females from A. indicus; 3 males, 8 females from A. albifrons; 9 males, 12 females from A. anser, Aug. 2005 to Aug. 2007, Pakistan: Karachi, Thatta, leg. S. A. Rizvi and S. Naz. 1 According to Clay & Hopkins (1951). 2 According to Zlotorzycka (1980). Remarks. Anaticola crassicornis closely resembles A. anseris in having an elongate body with dark brown lateral margins, and the two species have similar head chaetotaxy, a temporal margin, pterothoracic characters, and abdominal chaetotaxy. Anaticola crassicornis can easily be differentiated from A. anseris, however, by clypeal features, body size, pterothoracic lateral margins, and male genitalia (Table 2).Published as part of Naz, Saima, Rizvi, Syed Anser & Sychra, Oldrich, 2010, Anaticola crassicornis (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) on wild geese from Pakistan, pp. 60-66 in Zootaxa 2659 (1) on pages 61-65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2659.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/530216
Effect of Prone Positioning in Patients with Moderate COVID-19 Pneumonia Admitted to Ward at a Tertiary Care Hospital
No full textCOVID -19 pneumonia can progress to severe disease in 5% of patients requiring intensive care management, which can put an excessive burden on health care systems. Prone positioning has been shown to improve oxygenation and decrease lung injury in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and can be used as an adjunctive treatment to delay intubation. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of prone positioning in patients admitted to the COVID ward, with Moderate COVID-19 Pneumonia. This experimental study was conducted at Liaquat National Hospital. A quasi-experimental study design was applied. Patients with hypoxemia SpO2 < 94% were assisted to prone and semi-prone for up to 2 hours at a time for multiple sessions. Parameters like SaO2, PaO2/FiO2, hours of proning and changes and X-rays were recorded daily and pre and post-intervention values were compared. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon sign test were used to compare continuous parameters. A two-tailed p-value less than 5% of the level of significance was defined as statistically significant. 20 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Median hours of prone positioning were 48.5. The median hospital stay was 7.5 days. At baseline, mean PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 342±91.87 and at the time of discharge, it was 412.30±105.97 which is a statistically significant improvement from baseline (p=0.040). 50% of patients showed improvement in X-rays. One patient was intubated and all the patients were discharged. The sample collected in the current showed that prone positioning is a safe and feasible approach to improve oxygenation in moderate-severe COVID-19 pneumonias. However, studies with a larger sample size are recommended to further verify the findings of this study
Bone grafts and bone substitutes in dentistry
No full textBone resorption is a natural phenomenon and can occur due to old age, loss of teeth, prolonged denture wear, or as a result of systemic conditions. For the replacement of teeth by fabrication of prosthesis or the use of implants, a minimum amount of bone density is required. Bone grafting is a method by which bone-deficient areas are built up, with the use of different materials, such as autografts, allografts, alloplasts, and xenografts. Over recent times, the use of frozen bone matrix formulations and synthetic ceramics has been used in greater frequency. This article discusses the use of human bone material (allografts), synthetic materials (alloplasts) and blood components as successful grafting materials. Their use has shown an effective amount of bone formation and proliferation in the defective sites and proves to be a beneficial choice in bringing back lost bone
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