44 research outputs found
Pattern of caries and gingivitis in a selected population of school children aged 9 to 11 years
No full textThe objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of caries and gingivitis in a selected population of schoolchildren and to examine the relationship between prevalence of the diseases with their oral health behaviours. A total of 39 subjects, aged nine to 11 years, from 147 schoolchildren of a private school in Selangor, Malaysia were examined by two calibrated examiners trained in their own field. The subjects were interviewed using structured questionnaires. Erupted first permanent molars and permanent anterior teeth were examined. Dental caries, Plaque Score and Gingival Index were recorded. Descriptive statistics using frequency distribution were used to analyse the data. Forty-one percent of the subjects presented with more than 75% of total plaque accumulation. Prevalence of caries and gingivitis for the subject population was 18.0% and 31.0%, respectively. Caries was found on both the smooth (buccal/lingual/palatal) and occlusal surfaces. Gingivitis, diagnosed around 31.6% of teeth, was found more on the incisors (16.9%) than molars (14.7%). A relatively higher distribution of gingivitis was found on labial aspect of the incisors (5.5%) and palatal/ lingual aspect of the molars (4.7%). The prevalence of caries and gingivitis in this selected population was low. Certain dentition sites were more susceptible to dental caries and gingivitis. Good tooth brushinghabits and regular visits to the dentists do not guarantee the efficacy of plaque removal
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN TERDIFERENSIASI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI WARISAN BUDAYA DI FASE C SD
No full textHasil belajar peserta didik pada materi warisan budaya terbilang rendah, hal ini dapat disebabkan karena pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan kurang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan belajar masing-masing peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas pembelajaran terdiferensiasi terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi warisan budaya di fase C SD. Permasalahan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah rendahnya hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi warisan budaya. Pembelajaran terdiferensiasi menjadi solusi yang dipilih untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut karena pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan dapat disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain pre-eksperimental jenis one group pretest-posttest. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik sekolah dasar fase C di Kota Cimahi dengan jumlah sampel 28 peserta didik. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk menilai berupa tes pilihan ganda yang diberikan sebelum dan sesudah diberikan perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar setelah diterapkan pembelajaran terdiferensiasi. Hal ini dibuktikan dari hasil nilai rata-rata, jika dilihat terdapat kenaikan dari nilai pretest ke nilai posttest, selain itu hasil analisis uji N Gain berada pada kategori sedang. Maka dari itu, pembelajaran terdiferensiasi terbukti efektif meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi warisan budaya di fase C. Pembelajaran terdiferensiasi direkomendasikan untuk dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pembelajaran warisan budaya di sekolah dasar.
Kata kunci: Pembelajaran Terdiferensiasi, Hasil Belajar, Warisan Budaya, Fase C
The learning outcomes of students on the subject of cultural heritage are relatively low, which may be due to the instruction being insufficiently tailored to the individual learning needs of each student. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of differentiated learning on students' learning outcomes in the cultural heritage material at phase C of elementary school. The main issue in this research is the low learning outcomes of students in cultural heritage material. Differentiated learning is the chosen solution to address this issue because the instruction can be adapted to meet the needs of the students. This study uses a quantitative method with a pre-experimental design of one group pretest-posttest. The population in this study consists of elementary school students in phase C in Cimahi City with a sample size of 28 students. The instrument used for assessment was a multiple-choice test administered before and after the treatment. The research results showed an improvement in learning outcomes after differentiated instruction was applied. This is evidenced by the average scores, which indicate an increase from the pretest to the posttest scores; in addition, the N-Gain test analysis results are in the moderate category. Therefore, differentiated instruction has proven to be effective in improving students' learning outcomes on cultural heritage material in phase C. Differentiated instruction is recommended to be used as an alternative method for teaching cultural heritage in elementary schools.
Keywords: Differentiated Learning, Learning Outcomes, Cultural Heritage, Phase
EFEKTIVITAS PENYELENGGARAAN UJIAN NASIONAL BERBASIS KOMPUTER DI KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE
No full textPenelitian ini tentang “Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Ujian Nasional Berbasis Komputer di Kota Lhokseumawe”dengan mengambil lokasi penelitian pada Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kota Lhokseumawe. Pertimbangan dipilihnya lokasi penelitian tersebut, karena timbul fenomena bahwa pelaksanaan ujian nasional berbasis komputer belum terwujud secara efektif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memahami dan mendeksripsikan efektivitas bersama hambatannya dalam pelaksanaan ujian nasional berbasis komputer di Kota Lhokseumawe. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik memperoleh data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisa data ditempuh melalui koleksi data, mereduksi data, penyajian data dan mengambil kesimpulan (verifikasi). Informan yang digunakan sebanyak 10 orang yang ditentukan secara purposif terdiri dari Kepala. Sekretaris dan Kepala Bidang pada Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kota Lhokseumawe, Kepala sekolah bersama guru dan siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan ujian nasional berbasis komputer melalui ujian mata pelajaran yanhg telah ditentukan serta memiliki tujuan untuk meningkatkan suber daya manusia bagi 2088 siswa dalam Kota Lhokseumawe. Kesimpulan bahwa program nasional ujian nasional berbasis komputer sudah dilaksanakan pada SMA, MA dan SMK di Kota Lhokseumawe, namun belum terwujud secara efektif, karena masih terdapat berbagai hambatan, sehingga masih memerlukan perbaikan dan peningkatan. Hambatannya adalah agar sekolah dapat mengadakan sarana komputer sebagai media ujian nasional berbasis komputre. Haambatan lain adalah rendahnya pengetahuan, keterampilan dan keahlian serta minimnya motivasi siswa untuk belajar ilmu komputer. Upaya yang dilakukan adalah agar Kepala sekolah dapat mengadakan sarana komputer sebagai media ujian nasional. Selain itu agar kepala sekolah selalu memberikan pembinaan, arahan dan motivasi sehingga siswa dapat menambah pengethauan, keterampulan dan keahlian serta minat pengembangan dirinya untuk mempelajari ilmu komputer sebagai media ujian nasional
The profiles of malay muslims with vestibular disorders and the outcome of vestibular rehabilitation
No full textThose who are diagnosed with chronic vestibular disorders are anticipated to
experience disturbing vestibular symptoms when pursuing their daily life activities. In the
present study, it was of interest to know the specific difficulties faced by Muslims when
performing their daily tasks (including solat) and whether the conventional vestibular
rehabilitation would be effective in reducing the symptoms. This is a mixed-design study
with three consecutive phases. In the first phase, triggering and/or worsening factors to
vestibular symptoms were determined. In the subsequent phases, a mixed-convergent
study design was employed, i.e., quantitative (VHIT, cVEMP and MyVRBQ) and
qualitative (in-depth interview) methods. Of 91 respondents, 68% reported that their
symptoms were triggered by body and head movements. Nearly half of them reported at
least one prayer movement triggered and/or worsened their symptoms. In the second phase
of the study, despite normal findings from VHIT and cVEMP (except for P13 and N23
latencies), MyVRBQ showed that the participants were affected by the symptoms.
Content analysis unveiled five content areas: 1) Common symptoms, 2) Effects on general
activities, 3) Effects on performing solat, 4) Conditions that may exacerbate and/or
provoke vestibular symptoms, 5) Compensatory strategies to overcome and/or hinder
from having the symptoms. Following rehabilitation, significant reductions in MyVRBQ
scores were seen in all categories (as early as two weeks). Two content areas were
discovered: 1) Improvements in general activities, and 2) Improvements in solat. While
the objective assessments (VHIT and cVEMP) were insensitive, the occurrence of the
symptoms and the benefit of the rehabilitation were clearly shown by MyVRBQ. The
content analysis was able to discover other important aspects missed to be covered by the
quantitative assessments (including the ability to perform solat before and after the
rehabilitation). The study findings would be useful to clinicians in providing optimum
services to Muslim patients with chronic vestibular disorders
Manuka-Derived Products as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis
No full textAntibiotics and antiseptics are used as locally-delivered antimicrobial adjuncts in conjunction with scaling and root planing (SRP), mostly to treat non-responding and recurrent deep periodontal pockets. Adjunctive therapy is deemed necessary to support and optimise periodontal healing by eliminating or suppressing gram-negative bacteria associated with periodontal diseases. However, due to developing antibiotic resistance, alternative antimicrobials originating from plants have been considered. Bioactive substances from this source have potent antibacterial properties and wound healing potential. The research described in this thesis investigated the potential of manuka-derived products (manuka honey and manuka oil) as antimicrobials to be administered to periodontal pockets as an adjunct to SRP.
In vitro and in vivo investigations were performed to answer the research questions related to this topic. Antibacterial activities of manuka-derived products were assessed. Clinical and microbiological outcomes following SRP and application of manuka honey were measured. Toxicology profile of manuka oil was determined using cell culture methods. A delivery device for the administration of manuka oil to periodontal pockets was developed. This device was assessed for antibacterial activity and penetration into a single-species biofilm.
Manuka honey exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against a variety of plaque-associated bacteria. The present in vitro investigation demonstrated that decreasing the concentration of honey not only reduced the antimicrobial activity but also promoted bacterial carbohydrate metabolism and consequent acid production by Streptocococcus mutans, further exacerbating demineralisation. Furthermore, manuka honey is slow-acting, thus limiting its efficacy in periodontal pockets due to significant dilution. The split-mouth clinical study of a three-month follow-up did not show additional improvement in clinical parameters when periodontal pockets were treated with manuka honey following SRP compared to SRP alone. In contrast, manuka oil showed encouraging potential as a therapeutic substance. When comparing the two manuka-derived products, manuka oil (effective concentration = 0.1% w/v) was more potent than manuka honey (effective concentrations ranged = 13-25% w/v).
Manuka oil also showed a relatively rapid bactericidal effect. The toxicology profile of manuka oil based on half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) determined at 96 hours was four times higher than the effective antimicrobial concentration, whereas the IC50 of chlorhexidine was 100 times higher than its therapeutic concentration. This investigation suggests that apoptosis rather than necrosis may be the mechanism of cell death induced by manuka oil under cell culture conditions. The compositions of a delivery device demonstrated favourable rheological properties, that is, pseudoplastic or shear thinning behaviour and increased elasticity with increasing frequencies which may improve retention in periodontal pockets. The emulsion containing manuka oil under experimental conditions was more effective than chlorhexidine at reducing the proportions of bacteria in the biofilms, as indicated by the increased of red fluorescence (live/dead staining) viewed in the confocal scanning laser microscope images. In addition, the emulsion containing manuka oil was consistently active through the entire depth of the biofilm compared to chlorhexidine.
The major implication of this research project is to support the potential uses of bioactive substances derived from plants as antimicrobials in periodontal therapy. Manuka oil may be superior to manuka honey as an antimicrobial for intra-oral applications
Pengaruh Penerapan Tren Budaya Korea (Korean Wave) dan Penggunaan Sosial Media Terhadap Keberhasilan Usaha (Studi Kasus Pada Restoran-Restoran Korea di Kota Bandung)
No full textTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tanggapan pemilik restoran mengenai Penerapan Tren Budaya Korea (Korean Wave) dan Penggunaan SosiaI Media terhadap Keberhasilan Usaha, serta untuk mengetahui pengaruh Penerapan Tren Budaya Korea (Korean Wave) dan Penggunaan Sosial Media terhadap Keberhasilan Usaha pada Restoran-Restoran Korea di Kota Bandung. Untuk mendukung peneIitian, penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif dan verifikatif. Untuk menganaIisis penelitian ini, digunakan metode anaIisis regresi berganda, menggunakan data primer melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada para pemilik Restoran-Restoran Korea di Kota Bandung. Penulis mengambil sampel menggunakan teknik sampeI jenuh, yaitu seluruh popuIasi dalam peneIitian ini dijadikan sampeI, populasi maupun sampel berjumlah 30 orang. HasiI dari peneIitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Penerapan Tren Budaya Korea (Korean Wave) dan Penggunaan Sosial Media berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Keberhasilan Usaha baik secara parsiaI maupun secara simuItan
Implementasi Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Materi Warisan Budaya di Sekolah Dasar
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada materi Warisan Budaya di sekolah dasar. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, data diperoleh dari observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran berdiferensiasi mampu mengakomodasi gaya belajar yang beragam—visual, auditori, dan kinestetik—sehingga proses pembelajaran menjadi lebih inklusif dan efektif. Pendekatan ini tidak hanya meningkatkan hasil belajar, tetapi juga membentuk keterlibatan aktif, motivasi, dan kepercayaan diri peserta didik. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya strategi pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada kebutuhan individual dalam konteks Kurikulum Merdeka. Implikasi dari penelitian ini mendorong pengembangan profesional guru, dukungan kebijakan pendidikan, serta perlunya kajian lebih lanjut tentang penerapan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi di berbagai jenjang pendidikan.This study aims to analyze the implementation of differentiated instruction in improving student learning outcomes on Cultural Heritage topics in elementary schools. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that differentiated instruction effectively accommodates diverse learning styles—visual, auditory, and kinesthetic—making the learning process more inclusive and effective. This approach not only enhances academic achievement but also fosters active engagement, motivation, and student confidence. These results affirm the importance of student-centered learning strategies within the framework of the Merdeka Curriculum. The study implies the need for ongoing teacher professional development, supportive educational policies, and further research on the application of differentiated instruction across educational levels
Risk of Implant Failure and Marginal Bone Loss in Subjects with a History of Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textBackground: A number of studies have suggested that implant failure and associated bone loss is greater in subjects with a history of periodontitis. Purpose: To evaluate the risk for marginal bone loss around implants and implant failure in subjects with a history of periodontitis compared with periodontally healthy subjects in studies with a minimum 3-year follow-up. Materials and Methods: Data sources: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed databases and relevant journals were searched up to July 1, 2008, with restriction to English language. Review Methods: Prospective and retrospective longitudinal observational clinical studies comparing periodontal/peri-implant variables among subjects with periodontitis and subjects who were periodontally healthy were included. Screening of studies, quality assessment, and data extraction were conducted independently and in duplicate. Clarification of missing and unclear information was not sought. Outcome measures were: implant survival/failure, peri-implant parameters, changes in radiographic marginal bone level, probing pocket depth, and gingival index. Results: Seventeen potential studies were identified and six studies were accepted comparing patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy patients treated with implants. Five studies were eligible for meta-analysis of implant survival and four studies were eligible for meta-analysis of bone loss around implants. The odds ratio for implant survival was significantly in favor of periodontally healthy patients (3.02, 95% confidence intervals 1.12-8.15). A random effects model showed more marginal bone loss in periodontitis subjects compared with periodontally healthy subjects (standard mean difference 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.14-1.09). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the heterogenous studies available, a moderate level of evidence indicates that periodontitis subjects were at significantly higher risk for implant failure and greater marginal bone loss as compared with periodontally healthy subjects. Prospective observational studies with subject-based designs are recommended
Personalised learning for undergraduate dental students: a pilot study
No full textBackground:
The “one-size-fits-all” model in dental education has been a practice for a long time. This educational approach does not consider students’ learning preferences whereby students are subjected to teacher-centred teaching methods. The Ministry of Education, Malaysia, developed the Malaysian Education
Blueprint (Higher Education) 2015–2025 highlighting its focus on student-centred education. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the shift of focus
in dental education from a teacher-centred approach to a student-centred approach.
Methods:
This study was conducted in the Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya. The final year (Year 5) undergraduate dental students participated in the study. Their learning styles were assessed at the outset. Following this, a personalised
learning module in General Dentistry was designed according to the main learning styles of the students. The class was conducted using the personalised module. A pre-test and
post-test quizzes were administered to the students to assess their academic performance. Students’ feedback was also collected.
Results:
A total of 41 final-year dental students participated in this study. Majority of the students belonged to the processing and understanding dimensions of learning styles. Overall, 71.4% of the dental students demonstrated a learning style tendency toward sensing (perception dimension), whereas
53.1% towards visual. A quiz conducted before and after the class showed that most of the students achieved higher post-test performance. Most students gave positive feedback on the delivery of the module.
Conclusion:
Personalisation of learning may be able to meet students learning needs and achieve the academic goal. The use of modern technologies in a class is also recommended
