86 research outputs found
Difficult to quit smoking beyond "nicotine dependence": a preliminary survey among adult male smokers in Felda Bukit Goh, Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia
No full textBackground: The vast majority of smokers want to quit and most make repeated attempts to do so. Although, effective treatment for nicotine dependence (ND) is present now, repeatedly fail to quit is still a common issue among smokers because of beyond nicotine addiction.
Objective: To measure nicotine dependence (ND) level among adult male smokers and influences of socio-economic (SE) characteristics on ND and failing to quit smoking.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study was conducted in 2015 among 156 current adult male smokers in Kuantan, Malaysia. Socio-demographic and economic status, history of smoking and quitting attempt within 12 months and reasons for failing quit were identified by using a self-administered questionnaire. Level of nicotine dependence was assessed by validated Malay version of Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence questionnaires. Influence of socio-demographic and economic status on attempt to quit smoking and level of ND was analyzed.
Results: Prevalence of low, moderate and high nicotine dependence level were 69.9%, 28.2% and 1.9% respectively. Among them, 55.1% were tried to quit smoking during 12 months. The most of reasons to fail quit attempt were nicotine addiction (69.8%) followed by uncomfortable/ tension/ not alert (10.5%), peer smoking/ social (10.5%), feel sleepy (7.9%) and desire to eat a lot (1.3%). Married smokers (56.6%) aged 31-40 years old (66%) with secondary education (52.9%) , private employee (68.3%), 1000-3000 RM family income per month (58.1%), and low ND score (59.6%) were tried to quit attempt and failed to quit. Smokers with low mean ND score (2.93) were attempted to quit significantly than those with high mean ND score (3.73).
Conclusion: Nicotine dependence as a main reason for failing to quit smoking was confirmed in the study; however, influence of socio-demographic and economic characteristics was highlighted to consider in plan for successful quit smoking
A Cost-Benefit-Based Analytical Model for Finding the Optimal Offering of Software Services
No full textIn this paper, we introduce an analytical model for maximizing social welfare, which can be used for finding the optimal offering of a set of software services. The analytical model also explains the impact of service flexibility on customer¡¯s selection of business services and on the revenue of service providers. The analytical model is based on a utility model and a cost model. The cost model uses the number of lines of code as the basic measure for cost and applies linear and polynomial cost functions. The utility model is derived from a customer-provider relationship model, which relates the user¡¯s utility to the functionality of business services. The result of the analytical model shows that the distribution of functions of an existing business service to a large number of new business services does not generate any additional revenues for the service provider from existing customers. Instead, additional revenue is generated through the offering of business services with fewer functions at lower price. This business services attract customers, which could not afford the original software service of the provider. The result of the analytical model also shows that there is an optimal number of business services that maximizes the net utility of customers.Service-oriented architectures, economics of digital products, business process analysis, business service, customer satisfaction model, software services, service science, customer preferences, social welfare maximization and profit maximization of software service development, cost modeling, economics of service decomposition and service composition.
A Cost-Benefit-Based Analytical Model for Finding the Optimal Offering of Software Services
No full textIn this paper, we introduce an analytical model for maximizingsocial welfare, which can be used for finding the optimal offeringof a set of software services. The analytical model also explainsthe impact of service flexibility on customer’s selection ofbusiness services and on the revenue of service providers. Theanalytical model is based on a utility model and a cost model. Thecost model uses the number of lines of code as the basic measurefor cost and applies linear and polynomial cost functions. Theutility model is derived from a customer-provider relationshipmodel, which relates the user’s utility to the functionality ofbusiness services. The result of the analytical model shows thatthe distribution of functions of an existing business service to alarge number of new business services does not generate anyadditional revenues for the service provider from existingcustomers. Instead, additional revenue is generated through theoffering of business services with fewer functions at lower price.This business services attract customers, which could not affordthe original software service of the provider. The result of theanalytical model also shows that there is an optimal number ofbusiness services that maximizes the net utility of customers
Preferred Teaching Methods by Medical and Dental Students of a Private University: The Students' Perception
No full textTeachers need to change the approach of teaching to integrate classroom teaching by not only acquiring knowledge, but also developing critical thinking and clinical reasoning. Thus, changes are needed from the old didactic teaching. To maximize student learning, a diversity of teaching styles and a variety of methods are also needed by utilizing the present technology. This study explored the students’ attitude towards the effectiveness of current teaching methods and the preferred method that gave them maximum benefit of their everyday life.
A cross sectional study was carried out among 324 third and fourth year medical (204) and dental (120) students in a private medical university using a self - administered questionnaire to assess their preferences on current teaching methods. The chi-square test was carried out to elicit association of various socio demographic factors and the different types of class room teaching. Independent samples t test was used to measure between medical and dental students’ attitude towards different teaching methods. The overall results of students’ attitude towards effectiveness of current teaching methods were highest in video (75.1%) followed by questions (70%), problem based learning (PBL) (69.6%), discussion (69.3%), case study (67.2%), lecture (66%), power point presentation (PPT) (65.9%), quiz (60.4%), group work (56.4%), role play (49.2%) and debate (43.3%) respectively. Dental students have significantly higher mean score differences in preferences on video (0.54), PPT (0.33) and lecture (0.28) and medical students have higher mean score differences in preferences on discussion (0.34), quiz (0.50) and debate (0.30) with p < 0.05. Around one third of the students’ choice of best method was the standardized lecture slides with proper learning outcomes and well explanation by the lecturers. The study suggests that to shift our teaching strategies from didactic traditional teaching and recommend a combination of other methods like PBL, videos, quiz and discussions to cater the needs of the adult learning and also to make it more interesting, interactive and effective
Internet usage from Islamic perspective: a preliminary survey with first year medical students, Kuantan Campus, Pahang 2015
No full textBackground: The internet today has become a greater part of every citizen‘s life which helps many successful, although, many fall in failure if not utilize it carefully. The usage of the Internet is bringing welfare of mankind while avoiding different types of drawback, many of us unable to identify it. This study measured the level of Internet addiction (IA) among students and explored their perspectives on using the Internet based on religious background. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done at IIUM, Kuantan Campus, Pahang in July 2015. A total of 103 first year medical students was organized purposely. Internet addiction of the participants was assessed using online questionnaires containing Internet Addiction Test-20. Benefits (7-items) and disadvantages (5-items) Internet usage from Islamic perspective was analysed with (12) relevant questionnaires pertaining basic themes of Islam such as, ―Islamic Religion, Ibadah, Greeting, Social Responsibility, Muslim‘s Issues, Ummah, Da‘wah, Islamic Business, Al Quran, Hadith, Sunna, Islamic Study‖. Results: Prevalence of normal (5.8%, n=6), mild IA (48.5%, n=50), moderate IA (44.7%, n=46) and severe IA (1%, n=1) were resulted respectively. Mean (SD) age of students was 20.9 (0.5) years, 35.9% male, 64.1% female, 96.1% residents at dormitory, 48.5% using the Internet more than 7 years, 64.1% spend on line 2 to 5 hours/day and 78.6% Smartphone users. Regarding Islamic perspective, 80% of the users acknowledged that Internet usage can provide benefits in enhancing Islamic knowledge, while 20% disagreed with regarding positive Internet usages. For negative usages of the Internet, 60% of the users approved as negative and 40% recognized as it was beneficial. Conclusion: Internet usage has been proven to be beneficial to all Muslims and it can be an effective tool for Da‘wah activities, but it is highly recommended that it has to be utilized with a great caution while keeping the importance of the concept of Islamic teaching. Key words: Internet Addiction, Islamic perspective, medical student, misconception, Da’wa
Internet Usage from Islamic Perspective: A Preliminary Survey with First Year Medical Students, Kuantan Campus, Pahang 2015
No full textBackground: The internet today has become a greater part of every citizen?s life which helps many successful, although, many fall in failure if not utilize it carefully. The usage of the Internet is bringing welfare of mankind while avoiding different types of drawback, many of us unable to identify it. This study measured the level of Internet addiction (IA) among students and explored their perspectives on using the Internet based on religious background. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done at IIUM, Kuantan Campus, Pahang in July 2015. A total of 103 first year medical students was organized purposely. Internet addiction of the participants was assessed using online questionnaires containing Internet Addiction Test-20. Benefits (7-items) and disadvantages (5-items) Internet usage from Islamic perspective was analysed with (12) relevant questionnaires pertaining basic themes of Islam such as, ?Islamic Religion, Ibadah, Greeting, Social Responsibility, Muslim?s Issues, Ummah, Da?wah, Islamic Business, Al Quran, Hadith, Sunna, Islamic Study?. Results: Prevalence of normal (5.8%, n=6), mild IA (48.5%, n=50), moderate IA (44.7%, n=46) and severe IA (1%, n=1) were resulted respectively. Mean (SD) age of students was 20.9 (0.5) years, 35.9% male, 64.1% female, 96.1% residents at dormitory, 48.5% using the Internet more than 7 years, 64.1% spend on line 2 to 5 hours/day and 78.6% Smartphone users. Regarding Islamic perspective, 80% of the users acknowledged that Internet usage can provide benefits in enhancing Islamic knowledge, while 20% disagreed with regarding positive Internet usages. For negative usages of the Internet, 60% of the users approved as negative and 40% recognized as it was beneficial. Conclusion: Internet usage has been proven to be beneficial to all Muslims and it can be an effective tool for Da?wah activities, but it is highly recommended that it has to be utilized with a great caution while keeping the importance of the concept of Islamic teaching
Inter-organizational Project 복합화와 프로젝트 성공: Inter-organizational Project 통합의 매개적 역할
No full text학위논문(박사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 공과대학 협동과정 기술경영·경제·정책전공, 2024. 2. Jörn Altmann.Inter-organizational Project Complexity and Inter- organizational Project Success: Mediating Role of Inter- organizational Project Integration Khin Swe Latt Technology Management, Economics and Policy, ITPP College of Engineering Seoul National University The project success rate rose from 69% in 2020 to 73% in 2021, per PMI Pulse 2021. This improvement is credited to a balanced approach that incorporates structure, governance, and flexibility, emphasizing effective change management throughout the project life cycle. Viewing projects as temporary organizations, there is a need to consider the inter-organizational dimension for a more comprehensive understanding which is called Inter- organizational Projects (IOP). It extends relationships beyond project completion, impacting the success of these projects and inspiring further study in this area. Inter-organizational relationships connect different projects over time, providing stability (Sydow & Braun, 2018). Evidence from Ahola (2009) and Meng (2012) supports their impact on project success. The connection between these relationships, knowledge sharing, and project performance highlights the need for alliances in exchanging resources, as emphasized by Gulati (1998). Challenges in inter-organizational relationships, like changes in participants, can be addressed through e-collaboration (Zander et al., 2015). E-collaboration, specifically through knowledge sharing, is indicated to influence project performance/success (Hoang & Rothaermel, 2005). The ability of e- collaboration in the context of inter-organizational relationships on the project success motivates the first study to investigate how e-collaboration has been classified in the project areas and investigate the link between e-collaboration activities and project success. This review, modeled after Pickering & Byrne (2014), employs a systematic approach to analyze and justify the research questions. Utilizing Google Scholar, 980 articles were initially retrieved, with 29 held relevant after screening with developed protocol. The systematic literature review aims to offer insights into the impact of e-collaboration on project success in the context of inter-organizational relationships. Primary articles consistently highlight the importance of efficient intra- and inter-organizational relationships enabled by technology. While additional e-collaboration activities were identified, no direct link to project success was established. The articles also identify factors influencing project success. Selecting the right research methods is important for understanding e-collaboration well, considering the different methods used in its study. Recognizing various factors like network effects, use of information systems and their capabilities, and managerial skills and project management practice, it is suggested to take a holistic approach to grasp project success better. The study emphasizes how technology-enabled relationships between organizations play a crucial role in improving how organizations work together and the outcomes of projects. Projects as temporary organizations typically rely on teams of individuals that collaborate closely, and the teams work on different hierarchical levels. Due to the absence of inter-organizational dimensions in theorizing projects, there is a problem with project works on different hierarchical levels where mutual understanding is a must (Bechky,2006). Due to these differences in hierarchies, uncertainty appears among the project staff that leads to complexity. In addition, due to the inter-organizational nature, projects tasks are binding the organizations together. a necessity to integrate the work contributions to a consistent outcome in order to fulfill the given task. It requires coordination and integration while working across organizational boundaries (Grimshaw et al., 2005). Project management practice impacts project success as indicated by our first systematic literature review and it can be determined by evaluating project management performance (Mir & Pinnington, 2014). However. project management theorization is not singular, it is pluralistic in nature and is applicable across various disciplines, as noted by Söderlund (2011). In addition, measuring the project management performance and assessing traditional critical success factors cannot effectively address the complexities of dynamic and unpredictable nature of IOP. So, project managers must also reconsider traditional methodologies and adopt more holistic approaches in IOP assessment. Because conventional project management tools, built on the premise of clearly defined tasks, explicit information about time, cost, and resources, as well as extensive preplanning and control, frequently prove inadequate in handling the complex project environments (Zhu & Mostafavi, 2017). Pluralism of project management and inadequacy of using traditional critical success factors in unpredictable changes in inter-organizational nature of IOP make us motivate assess the project complexity empirically by addressing with integration. So, the second study is presented with the aim to improve project management performance by reducing IOP complexity through IOP integration with IOP management leadership skills. An online survey was conducted and collected the IOP experiences and perceptions from the 109 project managers from around Asia, Africa, Europe, and Middle East using snowballing sampling method. We use structural equation modeling with SmartPLS 4 software to analyze the survey data. Our empirical evidence has confirmed how IOP complexity can be addressed with IOP integration while considering the importance of strategic alignment in detecting the existence of IOP complexity and inter-organizational fit as an antecedent of IOP integration. And efficient sensing of the IOP project changes requests and reviewing and updating the IOP project strategy can lead to effective IOP integration. The study found that IOP integration mediates addressing IOP complexity as well as strategic alignment and the inter- organizational fit to improve the IOP success. The study identified eight IOP complexity factors identified: Technical risks (C11), Level of stakeholder cohesion (C13), Public profile (C14), Indication of source of complexity (C15), Level of complexity (C6), Complexity level Rating (C16), Clarity of business objectives (C12) and Uncertainty in methods (C1). Six IOP integration factors which reduce complexity are also identified: lead manager authority to resource allocation(I2), functional integration(I8), impact of changed request approval on project deliverables (I9), knowledge integration achievement (I5), staff integration (I6) and supply chain integration (I9). Finally, the second study emphasizes the crucial role of IOP integration when IOP complexity arises. It underscores the practical relevance of the study's theoretical framework within the broader context of recognized IOP management practices. It also suggested that failure to address IOP complexity with effectively manage the staff, knowledge, supply chain and functional integrations with lead manager authority to allocate resource to accomplish project tasks, activities, and processes might leads to IOP failure. Keywords: e-collaboration, inter-organizational relationships, IOP complexity, IOP integration, strategic alignment, inter-organizational fit, IOP success. Student Number: 2020-39265PMI Pulse 2021 에 따르면 프로젝트 성공률은 2020년 69%에서 2021년 73%로 증가했습니다. 이러한 개선은 구조, 거버넌스 및 유연성을 통합하고 프로젝트 수명 주기 전반에 걸쳐 효과적인 변경 관리를 강조하는 균형 잡힌 접근 방식에 기인합니다. 프로젝트를 임시 조직으로 볼 때 조직 간 프로젝트(IOP)라고 하는 보다 포괄적인 이해를 위해 조직 간 차원을 고려할 필요가 있습니다. 프로젝트 완료를 넘어 관계를 확장하여 이러한 프로젝트의 성공에 영향을 미치고 이 분야에 대한 추가 연구를 고무합니다.
조직 간 관계는 시간이 지남에 따라 서로 다른 프로젝트를 연결하여 안정성을 제공합니다(Sydow & Braun, 2018). Ahola(2009)와 eng(2012)의 증거는 프로젝트 성공에 미치는 영향을 뒷받침합니다. 이러한 관계, 지식공유 및 프로젝트 수행 간의 연결은 Gulati (1998)가 강조한 바와 같이 자원
교환에서 동맹의 필요성을 강조합니다. 참가자의 변화와 같은 조직 간 관계의 문제는 e-협업을 통해 해결할 수 있습니다(Zander et al., 2015). 특히
지식 공유를 통한 전자 협업은 프로젝트 성과/성공에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(Hoang & Rothaermel, 2005). 프로젝트 성공에 대한 조직
간 관계의 맥락에서 e-협업의 능력은 첫 번째 연구에서 프로젝트 영역에서 e-협업이 어떻게 분류되었는지 조사하고 e-협업 활동과 프로젝트 성공 간의 연관성을 조사하도록 동기를 부여합니다.
본 연구는 Pickering & Byrne (2014)을 모델로 하여 연구 질문을 분석하고 정당화하기 위해 체계적인 접근법을 사용한다. Google Scholar 를 사용하여 980 개의 논문을 초기에 검색했으며 29 개는 개발된 프로토콜로 선별한 후 관련성이 있는 것으로 간주되었습니다. 체계적인 문헌 검토는 조직 간 관계의 맥락에서 전자 협업이 프로젝트 성공에 미치는 영향에 대한 통찰력을 제공하는 것을 목표로 합니다. 주요 기사는 기술로 가능해진 효율적인 조직 내 및 조직 간 관계의 중요성을 일관되게 강조합니다. 추가적인 e-협업 활동이 확인되었지만, 프로젝트 성공과 직접적인 연관성은 확립되지 않았습니다. 이 문서에서는 프로젝트 성공에 영향을 미치는 요인도 식별합니다. 연구에 사용된 다양한 방법을 고려하여 e-협업을 잘 이해하려면 올바른 연구 방법을 선택하는 것이 중요합니다. 네트워크 효과, 정보 시스템 사용 및 그 기능, 관리 기술 및 프로젝트 관리 관행과 같은 다양한 요소를 인식하여 프로젝트 성공을 더 잘 파악하기 위해 전체론적 접근 방식을 취하는 것이 좋습니다. 이 연구는 조직 간의 기술 지원 관계가 조직의 협업 방식과 프로젝트 결과를 개선하는 데 어떻게 중요한 역할을 하는지 강조합니다.
임시 조직으로서의 프로젝트는 일반적으로 긴밀하게 협업하는 개인 팀에 의존하며 팀은 서로 다른 계층 수준에서 작업합니다. 프로젝트를 이론화할 때 조직 간 차원이 없기 때문에 상호 이해가 필수인 다양한 계층적 수준의 프로젝트 작업에 문제가 있습니다 (Bechky, 2006). 이러한 계층 구조의 차이로 인해 프로젝트 직원 간에 불확실성이 나타나 복잡성이 발생합니다. 또한 조직 간 특성으로 인해 프로젝트 작업은 조직을 하나로 묶고 있습니다. 주어진 작업을 수행하기 위해 작업 기여도를 일관된 결과에 통합해야 할 필요성. 조직의 경계를 넘어 작업하는 동안 조정과 통합이 필요합니다(Grimshaw et al., 2005).
프로젝트 관리 관행은 첫 번째 체계적인 문헌 검토에서 알 수 있듯이 프로젝트 성공에 영향을 미치며 프로젝트 관리 성과를 평가하여 결정할 수 있습니다(Mir & Pinnington, 2014). 그렇지만. 프로젝트 관리 이론화는 단일한 것이 아니라 본질적으로 다원적이며 Söderlund(2011)가 지적한 바와 같이 다양한 분야에 적용할 수 있습니다. 또한 프로젝트 관리 성과를 측정하고 기존의 중요한 성공 요인을 평가하는 것만으로는 IOP 의 동적이고 예측할 수 없는 특성의 복잡성을 효과적으로 해결할 수 없습니다. 따라서 프로젝트 관리자는 기존 방법론을 재고하고 IOP 평가에서 보다 전체적인 접근 방식을 채택해야 합니다. 명확하게 정의된 작업, 시간, 비용 및 리소스에 대한 명시적인 정보, 광범위한 사전 계획 및 제어를 전제로 구축된 기존 프로젝트 관리 도구는 복잡한 프로젝트 환경을 처리하는 데 적합하지 않은 경우가 많기 때문입니다(Zhu & Mostafavi, 2017). 프로젝트 관리의 다원주의와 IOP 의 조직 간 특성의 예측할 수 없는 변화에서 기존의 중요한 성공 요인을 사용하는 것이 부적절하다는 점은 통합을 통해 프로젝트 복잡성을 경험적으로
평가하도록 동기를 부여합니다. 따라서 두 번째 연구는 프로젝트 관리 리더십 기술과의 통합을 통해 프로젝트 복잡성을 줄임으로써 프로젝트 관리 성과를 개선하는 것을 목표로 제시됩니다.
온라인 설문조사를 실시하여 아시아, 아프리카, 유럽 및 중동 전역의 109 명의 프로젝트 관리자로부터 IOP 경험과 인식을 스노우볼링 샘플링 방법을 사용하여 수집합니다. SmartPLS 4 소프트웨어와 함께 구조 방정식 모델링을 사용하여 측량 데이터를 분석합니다. 우리의 경험적 증거는 복잡성의 존재를 감지하는 데 있어 전략적 정렬의 중요성과 통합의 선행 요소로서 조직 간 적합성의 중요성을 고려하면서 통합을 통해 복잡성을 해결할 수 있는 방법을 확인했습니다. 또한 프로젝트 변경 요청을 효율적으로 감지하고 프로젝트 전략을 검토 및 업데이트하면 효과적인 통합으로 이어질 수 있습니다. 이 연구는 통합이 복잡성을 해결하는 것뿐만 아니라 전략적 조정 및 조직 간 적합성을 중재하여 프로젝트 성공을 개선한다는 것을 발견했습니다. 이 연구에서는 기술적 위험(C11), 이해관계자 응집력 수준(C13), 공개 프로필(C14), 복잡성 원인 표시(C15) 복잡성 수준(C6), 복잡성 수준 등급(C16), 비즈니스 목표의 명확성(C12) 및 방법의 불확실성(C1)의 8 가지 복잡성 요인을 식별했습니다. 복잡성을 줄이는 6 가지 통합 요소도 식별됩니다: 자원 할당에 대한 선임 관리자 권한(I2), 기능 통합(I8), 프로젝트 결과물에 대한 변경 요청 승인의 영향(I9), 지식 통합 성과(I5), 직원 통합(I6) 및 공급망 통합(I9).
마지막으로, 두 번째 연구는 복잡성이 발생할 때 통합의 중요한 역할을 강조하고, 인정된 프로젝트 관리 관행의 더 넓은 맥락에서 연구의 이론적 프레임워크의 실질적인 관련성을 강조합니다. 또한 프로젝트 작업, 활동 및 프로세스를 수행하기 위해 리소스를 할당할 수 있는 선임 관리자 권한으로 직원, 지식, 공급망 및 기능 통합을 효과적으로 관리하여 복잡성을 해결하지 못하면 프로젝트 실패로 이어질 수 있음을 시사했습니다.Abstract . ii
Contents vii
List of Tables xi
List of Figures xv
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1. Background and Motivation . 1
1.2. Problem Description . 2
1.3. Research Objectives and Research Questions . 3
1.4. Research Methodology Overview 6
1.4.1. Systematic Literature Review Methodology 6
1.4.2. Empirical Analysis (Structural Equation Modelling)
Methodology 7
1.5. Overall Contribution . 8
1.6. Research Outline . 9
Chapter 2. Interrelation between E Collaboration Activities and
Project Success: A Systematic Literature Review 16
2.1. Introduction . 16
2.2. State-of-the-art 19
2.2.1. Background 26
2.2.2. Focus of the research 45
2.3. Methodology 53
2.3.1. Research Database . 54
2.3.2. Screening 55
2.3.3. Data Extraction 56
2.4. Results 57
2.4.1. Descriptive Analysis . 57
2.4.2. E-collaboration in the context of inter-organizational
relationships . 64
2.4.3. Interrelation between E-collaboration Activities and
Project Success 74
2.5. Discussion 77
2.5.1. Summary of the findings 77
2.5.2. Responses to the research questions . 80
2.6. Conclusion 83
Chapter 3. Impact of IOP Complexity on Project Success:
Mediating Role of Integration 89
3.1. Introduction . 89
viii
3.2. State-of-the-art 93
3.2.1. Background 97
3.2.2. Fosus of the research . 102
3.3. Theory Development and Model Building 110
3.3.1. Theories and Concepts of IOP 110
3.3.2. Factors 123
3.3.3. Proposed Relationship between the Variables 141
3.4. Methodology and Empirical Data . 148
3.4.1. Research Method for Analysis . 149
3.4.2. Measurement Instrument . 151
3.4.3. Data Sample and Procedure 155
3.4.4. Demographic Data 156
3.5. Results . 159
3.5.1. Descriptive Analysis 159
3.5.2. Inferential Analysis. 172
3.6. Discussion . 206
3.6.1. Summary of the findings . 207
3.6.2. Responses to the research questions 213
3.7. Implication and Contribution 228
ix
3.7.1. Theoretical Implications 228
3.7.2. Practical Implications 230
3.8. Conclusion 232
3.8.1. Contributions . 233
3.8.2. Limitations and Future Research Directions . 234
Chapter 4. Conclusion and Implications . 236
4.1. Summary 236
4.1.1. Summary of the systematic literature review study 236
4.1.2. Summary of the empirical study 241
4.1.3. The link between the two studies 244
4.2. Implications . 251
4.2.1. Theoretical Implications 251
4.2.2. Practical Implications 254
4.3. Contribution . 256
4.4. Limitations and Future Directions 257
Bibliography 264
Appendix A: Measurement Instrument 309
Acknowledgment 326
x박
Association of waist circumference with atherogenic cardiovascular risks in centrally obese Myanmar male subjects
No full textCentral obesity is a major contributor to the development of cardiovascular (CV) risks. Severalatherogenic indices had been derived from lipid profiles for predicting the risk of CV disease. The present study assessedatherogenic indices as CV risk in centrally obese men.</p
Shear-Wave Elastography: Basic Physics and Musculoskeletal Applications
No full textIn the past 2 decades, sonoelastography has been progressively used as a tool to help evaluate soft-tissue elasticity and add to information obtained with conventional gray-scale and Doppler ultrasonographic techniques. Recently introduced on clinical scanners, shear-wave elastography (SWE) is considered to be more objective, quantitative, and reproducible than compression sonoelastography with increasing applications to the musculoskeletal system. SWE uses an acoustic radiation force pulse sequence to generate shear waves, which propagate perpendicular to the ultrasound beam, causing transient displacements. The distribution of shear-wave velocities at each pixel is directly related to the shear modulus, an absolute measure of the tissue's elastic properties. Shear-wave images are automatically coregistered with standard B-mode images to provide quantitative color elastograms with anatomic specificity. Shear waves propagate faster through stiffer contracted tissue, as well as along the long axis of tendon and muscle. SWE has a promising role in determining the severity of disease and treatment follow-up of various musculoskeletal tissues including tendons, muscles, nerves, and ligaments. This article describes the basic ultrasound physics of SWE and its applications in the evaluation of various traumatic and pathologic conditions of the musculoskeletal system.6 month embargo; published online: May 11 2017This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]
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