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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Aids with side effects? The impact of ultra-thin silicone nipple shields on breastfeeding mothers and their full-term infants
No full textHintergrund: Weltweit gibt es Bestrebungen, das Stillen zu fördern und die Stillraten zu erhöhen, da es nachweislich zahlreiche Vorteile für Mutter und Kind bietet. Dennoch treten häufig Stillprobleme auf, die zu frühem Abstillen oder einer verfrühten Einführung von Beikost führen können. In der Praxis kommen in solchen Situationen häufig Stillhütchen zum Einsatz. Das sind Hilfsmittel, die das Stillen trotz Herausforderungen wie Schmerzen oder Anlegeschwierigkeiten ermöglichen und so zur Aufrechterhaltung der Stillbeziehung beitragen können. Ihre Verwendung ist jedoch seit Jahren umstritten, da in Studien potenzielle negative Auswirkungen beobachtet wurden. Zahlreiche dieser Bedenken beruhen auf Studien mit veralteten Stillhütchenmodellen. Moderne ultradünne Silikon-Stillhütchen hingegen sind flexibel und aus einem dünnen Material und sollen das natürliche Stillverhalten möglichst wenig beeinträchtigen. Zielsetzung: Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, welche Auswirkungen die Verwendung von ultradünnen Silikon-Stillhütchen beim Stillen auf Mütter und ihre termingeborenen Kinder hat. Methodik: Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken PubMed, Cochrane Library und CINAHL in zwei Schritten durchgeführt. Zunächst wurde ein relevantes Review identifiziert und ausgewertet, um einen Überblick über die bestehende Evidenz zu gewinnen. In einem zweiten Schritt wurden durch ergänzende gezielte Recherchen geeignete Originalstudien ausgewählt. Nach kritischer Betrachtung der Ergebnisse wurden fünf Studien in die Arbeit einbezogen, beschrieben, analysiert und vergleichend diskutiert, um praxisrelevante Handlungsempfehlungen abzuleiten. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ultradünne Silikon-Stillhütchen bei klarer Indikationsstellung und frühem Einsatz das Stillen effektiv unterstützen können, ohne signifikant negative Auswirkungen auf unter Anderem das Transfervolumen, die Milchproduktion, das Saugverhalten, den Brustfüllungsgrad oder das Risiko für Mastitis zu haben. Die Schmerzreduktion kann dabei zur Stabilisierung der Stillbeziehung beitragen. Der spätere oder nicht indizierte Einsatz hingegen ist mit tendenziell ungünstigeren Stilloutcomes assoziiert. Offen bleibt, ob sich die exklusive Stilldauer durch die Anwendung verkürzt oder ob das Stillen ohne Stillhütchen überhaupt fortgesetzt worden wäre. Conclusio: Ultradünne Silikon-Stillhütchen können bei fachlich fundierter Indikation, frühzeitigem Einsatz und professioneller Begleitung eine wirksame Maßnahme zur Überbrückung von Stillproblemen darstellen. Für eine sichere Anwendung bedarf es jedoch klarer Leitlinien, gezielter Schulungen für Fachpersonen sowie weiterer qualitativ hochwertiger Forschung. Für die Praxis, insbesondere im Tätigkeitsbereich der Hebammen, eröffnen sich damit konkrete Handlungsansätze zur individuellen, bedürfnisorientierten Stillförderung im Wochenbett.Background: Worldwide, efforts are being made to promote breastfeeding and increase breastfeeding rates, as it offers numerous proven benefits for both mother and child. Nevertheless, breastfeeding problems occur often, which can lead to early weaning or premature introduction of complementary feeding. In practice, nipple shields are often used in such situations. These are aids that can enable breastfeeding despite challenges such as pain or latching difficulties and thereby help to maintain the breastfeeding relationship. However, their use has been disputed for years, as studies have observed potential negative effects. Many of these concerns are based on studies using older nipple shield models. Modern ultra-thin silicone nipple shields are flexible and made of thin material, designed to interfere as little as possible with natural breastfeeding behaviour. Objective: This study investigates the effects of using ultra-thin silicone nipple shields during breastfeeding on mothers and their full-term infants. Methods: To answer the research question, a two-step systematic literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. In a first step, a relevant review was identified and evaluated to gain an overview of the existing evidence. In a second step additional search strategies were conducted to select relevant original studies. After critical assessment, five primary studies were included in this work. These were described, analysed, and their findings compared and discussed to derive practice-relevant recommendations. Results: The findings show that ultra-thin silicone nipple shields, when used with clear medical indication and introduced early, can effectively support breastfeeding without having significantly negative effects on, among other things, milk transfer volume, milk production, sucking behaviour, breast fullness, or the risk of mastitis. Pain reduction may contribute to stabilizing the breastfeeding relationship. However, later or non-indicated use is associated with generally poorer breastfeeding outcomes. It remains unclear whether the exclusive breastfeeding duration is shortened due to the use of nipple shields, or whether breastfeeding would have been discontinued even earlier without them. Conclusion: Ultra-thin silicone nipple shields can be an effective measure for overcoming breastfeeding challenges, provided they are used with sound clinical justification, introduced early, and accompanied by professional support. For safe application, however, clear guidelines, targeted training for professionals, and further high-quality research are required. In practice, especially in the field of midwifery, this opens concrete approaches for individual, needs-oriented breastfeeding support during the postpartum period.Verfasserin: Agnes SwatonAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung von der:dem Verfasser:inBachelorarbeit FH JOANNEUM 202
Premature rupture of membranes at term: Is ambulatory management safe?
No full textHintergrund: Bei einem vorzeitigen Blasensprung am Termin setzt in 60-70% der Fälle die Geburt innerhalb von 42 Stunden ein, bei 95% innerhalb von 72 Stunden. Mit zunehmendem Zeitraum zwischen Blasensprung und Geburt steigt jedoch das Risiko für Infektionen, weshalb häufig nach 24 Stunden eine Geburtseinleitung erfolgt. In der aktuellen AMWF-Leitlinie (2020) gibt es keine Empfehlung, ob der Geburtsbeginn ambulant oder stationär abgewartet werden soll. Ziel der Arbeit: Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, ob das ambulante Management bei vorzeitigem Blasensprung am Termin eine sichere Alternative zur stationären Betreuung darstellt. Zudem wird analysiert, wie das ambulante Management in der aktuellen Studienlage beschrieben und umgesetzt wird. Methodik: Eine systematische Literaturrecherche wurde in den Datenbanken PubMed, Chochrane Library, CINAHL und MIDIRS durchgeführt und durch das Schneeballverfahren wie Connected Papers ergänzt. Nach kritischer Analyse der identifizierten Studien, wurden sieben quantitative Studien in die Arbeit inkludiert. Ergebnisse: Die Analyse zeigte, dass das ambulante Management bei vorzeitigem Blasensprung am Termin in den meisten Kategorien vergleichbare Ergebnisse zum stationären Management lieferte. Jedoch gab es Unterschiede in den Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien, der Dauer des Zuwartens, dem Monitoring sowie der Anwendung von Infektionsprophylaxen. Diese Unterschiede könnten die geburtshilflichen Outcomes beeinflussen. Conclusio: Das ambulante Management bei vorzeitigem Blasensprung am Termin stellt eine sichere Alternative zum stationären Management dar, sofern keine Risikofaktoren für Mutter und Kind vorliegen. Zukünftige Forschung sollte sich auf Studien mit einheitlichem Protokoll fokussieren, um die Evidenzbasis zu stärken, optimale Rahmenbedingungen zu definieren und standardisierte Empfehlungen zu entwickeln. Für die klinische Praxis ist eine sorgfältige Auswahl der Schwangeren sowie eine informierte, gemeinsame Entscheidungsfindung essenziell, um Sicherheit und Zufriedenheit zu gewährleisten.Background: After premature rupture of membranes at term, in 60% of the cases labour starts within 24 hours, in 95% of cases within 72 hours. With prolonged time spans between rupture of membranes and birth, risk for infection rises. Therefore, labour is often induced after 24 hours if spontaneous labour does not occur. Currently there is no recommendation in the AMWF-guideline (2020) whether the start of labour should be awaited at home or in the hospital. Objectives: This thesis examines the safety of ambulant management in comparison with inpatient management. Furthermore, it is analysed how ambulatory management is described and conducted in the current body of research. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Chochrane Library, CINAHL and MIDIRS and supplemented by a snowball-search and connected-papers. After a critical analysis of the identified studies, seven studies were included in this paper. Results: The analysis showed that ambulant management of premature rupture of membranes at term had comparable results to inpatient management schemes in most categories. However, there were differences regarding inclusion and exclusion criteria, the length of the waiting period, monitoring protocols and the application of infection prophylaxes. These differences could have potentially influenced obstetric outcomes. Conclusion: Ambulant management of premature rupture of membranes at term is a safe alternative to inpatient management, if there are no risk factors for mother and child. Future research should focus on studies with standardized protocols to strengthen the evidence base, define optimal conditions and develop standardized recommendations. For clinical practice, careful selection of pregnant women and informed shared decision-making are essential to ensure safety and satisfaction.Verfasserin: Agnes SwatonAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung von der:dem Verfasser:inBachelorarbeit FH JOANNEUM 202
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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