1,381,168 research outputs found
Open access self-archiving: An author study
No full textThis, our second author international, cross-disciplinary study on open access had 1296 respondents. Its focus was on self-archiving. Almost half (49%) of the respondent population have self-archived at least one article during the last three years. Use of institutional repositories for this purpose has doubled and usage has increased by almost 60% for subject-based repositories. Self-archiving activity is greatest amongst those who publish the largest number of papers. There is still a substantial proportion of authors unaware of the possibility of providing open access to their work by self-archiving. Of the authors who have not yet self-archived any articles, 71% remain unaware of the option. With 49% of the author population having self-archived in some way, this means that 36% of the total author population (71% of the remaining 51%), has not yet been appraised of this way of providing open access. Authors have frequently expressed reluctance to self-archive because of the perceived time required and possible technical difficulties in carrying out this activity, yet findings here show that only 20% of authors found some degree of difficulty with the first act of depositing an article in a repository, and that this dropped to 9% for subsequent deposits. Another author worry is about infringing agreed copyright agreements with publishers, yet only 10% of authors currently know of the SHERPA/RoMEO list of publisher permissions policies with respect to self-archiving, where clear guidance as to what a publisher permits is provided. Where it is not known if permission is required, however, authors are not seeking it and are self-archiving without it. Communicating their results to peers remains the primary reason for scholars publishing their work; in other words,
researchers publish to have an impact on their field. The vast majority of authors (81%) would willingly comply with a mandate from their employer or research funder to deposit copies of their articles in an institutional or subject-based repository. A further 13% would comply reluctantly; 5% would not comply with such a mandate
W. A. Swan
No full text"SX10087 Swan W.A. 2'14 Aust Field Reg Darwin Service July 1941 - Jan 1943".SX10087 Swan W.A. 2'14 Australian Field Regiment. Darwin Service July 1941 - Jan 1943
Open access self-archiving: An Introduction
No full textThis, our second author international, cross-disciplinary study on open access had 1296 respondents. Its focus was on self-archiving. Almost half (49%) of the respondent population have self-archived at least one article during the last three years. Use of institutional repositories for this purpose has doubled and usage has increased by almost 60% for subject-based repositories. Self-archiving activity is greatest amongst those who publish the largest number of papers. There is still a substantial proportion of authors unaware of the possibility of providing open access to their work by self-archiving. Of the authors who have not yet self-archived any articles, 71% remain unaware of the option. With 49% of the author population having self-archived in some way, this means that 36% of the total author population (71% of the remaining 51%), has not yet been appraised of this way of providing open access. Authors have frequently expressed reluctance to self-archive because of the perceived time required and possible technical difficulties in carrying out this activity, yet findings here show that only 20% of authors found some degree of difficulty with the first act of depositing an article in a repository, and that this dropped to 9% for subsequent deposits. Another author worry is about infringing agreed copyright agreements with publishers, yet only 10% of authors currently know of the SHERPA/RoMEO list of publisher permissions policies with respect to self-archiving, where clear guidance as to what a publisher permits is provided. Where it is not known if permission is required, however, authors are not seeking it and are self-archiving without it. Communicating their results to peers remains the primary reason for scholars publishing their work; in other words, researchers publish to have an impact on their field. The vast majority of authors (81%) would willingly comply with a mandate from their employer or research funder to deposit copies of their articles in an institutional or subject-based repository. A further 13% would comply reluctantly; 5% would not comply with such a mandate.
In a separate exercise we asked the American Physical Society (APS) and the Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd (IOPP) what their experiences have been over the 14 years that arXiv has been in existence. How many subscriptions have been lost as a result of arXiv? Both societies said they could not identify any losses of subscriptions for this reason and that they do not view arXiv as a threat to their business (rather the opposite -- this in fact the APS helped establish an arXiv mirror site at the Brookhaven National Laboratory)
Trevor Swan And The Neoclassical Growth Model
No full textTrevor Swan independently developed the neoclassical growth model. Swan (1956) was published ten months later than Solow (1956), but included a more complete analysis of technical progress, which Solow treated separately in Solow (1957). Reference is sometimes made to the "Solow-Swan growth model", but more commonly reference is made only to the "Solow growth model". This paper examines the history of Swan’s development of the growth model, the similarities and differences between the approaches of Swan and Solow and the reasons why Swan's contribution has been overshadowed. We draw on unpublished work to show that in 1950, Swan was working on a growth model in a verbal format. In 1956, Swan published only a simplified version of his model based on a Cobb-Douglas production function, but Swan's original model (circulated July 1956 and published posthumously in 2002) was much more general. Swan's reluctance to publish was consistent with his perhaps counterproductive modesty and perfectionism. His well known paper, "Longer run problems of the Balance of Payments" was circulated in 1955, eight years before publication in 1963. His pioneering work in 1945, developing the first macroeconomic model of the Australian economy, was published posthumously in 1989.
Joseph R. Swan photograph
No full textThis photograph is a formal bust portrait of Joseph Rockwell Swan, 36th Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio (1855-1859). When this portrait was taken, Swan was in his late forties or early fifties. His gray hair is thinning, and his mutton-chop sideburns are white.
Joseph R. Swan (1802-1884) was born in Westernville, New York, and began to study law in Aurora, New York. He moved to Columbus, Ohio, in 1824 and completed his legal studies under the guidance of his uncle, Judge Gustavus Swan, a justice of the state supreme court. Swan was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1824.
In 1830 the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas appointed him prosecuting attorney. Three years later he was elected to the same post under newly enacted legislation that provided for the election of prosecuting attorneys by general vote. In 1834 the Ohio General Assembly elected him president judge of the Court of Common Pleas of the Twelfth Judicial Circuit. He served a seven-year term and was re-elected in 1841.
Swan left the common pleas court in 1848 to enter private practice with John W. Andrews. He was a delegate to the Ohio state constitutional convention from Franklin County, 1850-51. In 1854 the newly formed Republican Party nominated him to a position on the Supreme Court of Ohio. He won the election and began serving on the court in February 1855. He served as chief justice from February 9, 1859, to his resignation on October 18, 1859.
The court case that led to his resignation was "Ex Parte Bushnell" (1859), which challenged the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. Despite his personal opposition to slavery, Swan wrote the majority opinion, which upheld the constitutionality of the 1850 law. Soon after this decision, Swan sought re-election to another term on the Supreme Court, but delegates to the Republican Convention denied him the nomination because of their opposition to the Bushnell ruling. Swan submitted his resignation to Governor Salmon P. Chase on October 18, 1859.
During the remainder of his career, Swan worked as a solicitor for two railroad companies. He retired in 1879 and died in Columbus, Ohio, in 1884.
Swan's greatest legacy to the law was as an author of legal reference books and of legislation
ISC/OSI Journal Authors Survey Report
No full textOn behalf of the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) and the Open Society Institute (OSI) a survey of journal authors has been carried out by Key Perspectives Ltd. The terms of reference were to poll a cohort of authors who had published on an open access basis and another cohort of authors who had published their work in conventional journals without making the article available on open access. The survey’s aims were to investigate the authors’ awareness of new open access possibilities, the ease of identification of and submission to open access outlets, their experiences of publishing their work in this way, their concerns about any implications open access publishing may have upon their careers, and the reasons why (or not) they chose to publish through an open access outlet
The fish and fishery of the Swan Estuary
No full textA checklist is provided for the fish that have been caught in the Swan estuary. These species each fall into one of the following categories: 1. marine stragglers, 2. Marine species which use estuaries extensively at some stage of their life cycle but spawn at sea, 3. estuarine species, i.e. those species which can pass through the whole of their life cycle in the estuary, 4. anadromous species, i.e. those species which migrate from the sea through the estuary to breeding grounds in reduced salinities or fresh water. Examples of different life cycles are provided by reference to mullets (Mugil cephatus and Aldrichetta forsteri), gobbleguts (Apogon ruepellii), five species of hardyhead (Atherinidae), Perth herring (Nematalosa vlaminghi) and cobbler (Cnidoglanis macrocephalus). Details are provided (or the commercial fish catches in the Swan estuary and for the recreational fishery for teleosts and prawns
Development of biotic indices for establishing and monitoring ecosystem health of the Swan-Canning Estuary
No full textThe Swan-Canning Estuary is highly valued for its ecological, recreational, commercial and indigenous importance (e.g. Seddon 1972, Swan River Trust 2008, 2009). It supports a diverse range of fish species (several of which complete their life cycles in the system and/or are recreationally or commercially important, e.g. Loneragan et al. 1989, Kanadjembo et al. 2001, Hoeksema and Potter 2006), migratory and resident waterbirds (Bamford et al. 2003), submerged and fringing vegetation (e.g. Hillman et al. 1995, Astill and Lavery 2001, McMahon 2001) and a dolphin population (Lo 2009).
The Swan-Canning Estuary and its large (ca 125 000 km2) catchment have been subjected to substantial anthropogenic change since European settlement in the early to mid 1800s, and the system is now classified as highly modified (Commonwealth of Australia 2002). These artificial modifications, combined with the ongoing effects of local population growth and climate change, continue to have a wide range of implications for the water quality of this system. For example, reduced river flow due to damming or diversion of the major tributaries and the effects of climate change, increased tidal exchange through widening and deepening of the estuary mouth and extensive clearing of catchment vegetation, have all contributed to rising salinity throughout this system (Hamilton et al. 2001, Thomson et al. 2001, Chan et al. 2002, CSIRO 2009). Changes in the volumes of marine vs riverine flow have also exacerbated the stratification of salinity and dissolved oxygen concentration within the water column, particularly in the upper estuarine reaches where bottom waters become hypoxic during drier periods of the year (Hamilton et al. 2001, Thomson et al. 2001, http://www.swanrivertrust.wa.gov.au/science/river/Content/plots.aspx). This lack of dissolved oxygen has become so extensive that remedial oxygenation of both the Swan and Canning rivers is now undertaken mechanically (http://www.swanrivertrust.wa.gov.au/ science/river/content/oxygenation.aspx). Widespread land clearing, shoreline modification and the growth of surrounding urban and agricultural activity have also resulted in increased surface runoff from the catchment, and thus also of the sediment, nutrient and pollutant loads entering the estuary. These loadings have also risen due to the vast network of drains servicing residential, farming and industrial areas that discharge into the system, and their impacts are further compounded by the reduced flushing of the estuary due to diminishing rainfall (Jakowyna et al. 2000, Swan River Trust 2003, 2009, Foulsham 2009). The system, and particularly its upper reaches, is now considered to be eutrophic to hypereutrophic (Swan River Trust 2009), and the levels of various non-nutrient contaminants in the sediment exceed ANZECC and ARMCANZ Interim Sediment Quality Guideline Trigger Values at several locations throughout the estuary (Nice 2009)
Validation of the Fish Community Index of Estuarine Condition and development of a monitoring regime for the Swan-Canning Riverpark
No full textFish Community Indices were developed for the nearshore, shallow waters of the Swan-Canning estuary and also for its deeper, offshore waters. They integrate information on various biological variables (metrics), each of which quantifies an aspect of the structure and/or function of estuarine fish communities and responds to a wide array of stressors affecting the ecosystem. Given the well-known responses of these fauna to environmental stressors, these fish-based indices therefore provide a means to assess an important component of the ecology of the system and how it responds to changes in estuarine condition.
The present report describes a follow-up study which aimed to validate index sensitivity and robustness and to develop a monitoring regime to enable the condition of the Swan-Canning Estuary to be reliably quantified and reported into the future. The scope of this report was extended in 2012 to include a review of alternative approaches for determining estuarine condition grades/categories
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