1,721,222 research outputs found
Workers’ participation in a former labour-managed economy: The case of Serbian transition
No full textIt is well known that Serbia - along with the other Southeast European
successor states of former Yugoslavia - emerged from a country recognized for
its specific labour-managed institutional arrangement. The paper recalls the
main premises of the literature on the labour-managed firm and the
theoretical contributions on participatory forms of management that seem most
relevant to a transition economy like Serbia’s. It proceeds to analyze the
main changes that occurred in Serbia during transition to a market economy,
illustrating some of its specific features and how privatization led to the
conversion of workers self-management into property rights. In order to
analyze the role of employees in decisionmaking, and more generally their
current position in privatized and newly established private firms, a survey
was undertaken in 2013 based on a questionnaire for managers in 69 Serbian
firms. The survey suggests that internal relations in enterprises are
relatively undeveloped, particularly regarding the distribution of
responsibilities in decision making at various organisational levels,
hampering the efficient fulfilment of firms’ objectives. It appears that
decision-making processes are usually designed in such a way as to give an
excessive role to the owner as the exclusive decision-maker. The position of
workers seems to be particularly poor regarding their rights to be informed,
to make proposals, and/or to participate in decision-making in general.
Moreover, even traditional workers’ rights are neglected (unionization,
collective bargaining etc.). The survey also suggests that in those firms
with a more active role of workers, there is a higher degree of workers’
satisfaction and loyalty to the firm
Employment - wage decisions in the insider-owned firm
Full text linkThe paper is intended to explain low sensitivity of employment decisions observed in transition economies where insider ownership prevails and capital markets are not highly developed. We introduce a stability concept for employment levels of a labor-managed firm and prove that there exists a segment of stable employment levels. If a level belongs to the interior of the segment then the firm keeps the same labor input level under any not too large changes. By contrast, the wage rate is re-sponsive. Only the firms on the boundaries of the segment may reconsider em-ployment decisions. Deterioration of market conditions entails decreasing labor inputs for firms with much excess labor and, the same time, increases employment for firms with low levels of labor input. This creates inter-firm flows of workforce and restrains the rise of total unemployment. Stability segments exist also for firms where employment-wage decisions are made by bargaining between workers and managers, and may exist for manager-dominated firms as well. Several concepts of labor hoarding are discussed.labor-owned enterprises; transition; Russia
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Overcoming constraints to organizational change: An empirical study of firms in transitional economies.
No full textFirms face many challenges and constraints when undertaking change. One constraint that is not well understood is how the firm's founding environment, through organizational imprinting, limits a firm's flexibility in undertaking change at later points in time. This research addresses that gap by examining the impact of economic environment imprinting on organizational change as it occurs through knowledge acquisition and knowledge transfer routines. First, I predict that firms will favor knowledge routines reflecting their founding environment. Second, I predict that the magnitude of an external shock will affect the size of routine usage difference between firms founded in different environments. Third, I predict that all knowledge routines contribute to internal change, but that knowledge routines embedded completely within the firm are the most valuable to the firm. These predictions are tested using survey data from firms in five Central and Eastern European countries. The first set of results indicates that all knowledge routines contribute to success of change. Additionally, knowledge routines embedded within the firm are more important than knowledge routines linked to outside sources. The first set of results finds differences in knowledge routine usage due to the founding environment and size of economic shock. However, the differences are not as predicted leading me to examine other explanations. A new framework called 'adaptation and selection' is developed and tested. The results indicate that: (1) imprinting and adaptation may explain firm differences when changes in the economic environment are small; (2) as the magnitude of shock in the economic environment increases, some firms disappear through selection and others are pushed by adaptation pressures to overcome the constraints of imprinting; and (3) the breakdown of imprinting can occur under conditions of large economic shock. Through this research, we will better understand the change process in firms and their ability to adjust to shifts in their environment. This research indicates the need to consider the positive and negative impact of organizational imprinting as well as examine how imprinting can vary within a firm. These findings are relevant to firms in any environment experiencing external shifts, including countries achieving EU or NAFTA membership.PhDCommerce-BusinessManagementSocial SciencesUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/124108/2/3121975.pd
Educación y autogestión laboral en la experiencia peruana de propiedad social
Full text linkA partir de la noción de ‘reproducción de las relaciones sociales de producción” y su importante
función en la educación, se analizan sus mecanismos, la correspondencia y la contradicción, y la
manera como a través de la genuina transformación, la reproducción puede transformar las
relaciones sociales a través de la educación activa. Para ello se requieren cambios políticos y
nuevas formas organizativas, tales como la autogestión de los trabajadores. El modelo de educación
participatoria considera que, con prerrequisitos como la distribución y control democrático de
recursos educativos, igualdad de acceso a beneficios educativos, y desarrollo de una conciencia
participatoria, se pueden transformar 5 dimensiones para reproducir relaciones participatorias de
producción: origen pluralista de recursos educativos, desescolarización, manejo democrática del
proceso educativo, acción educativa permanente, y objetivos educativos participativos. El análisis
de la experiencia peruana mencionada demuestra que no fue capaz de alterar las relaciones
participatorias en la medida necesaria para alcanzar la transformación de las relaciones de
producción tradicionales.Estados Unidos. Fundación Ford. Beca de Posgrado, Lima, 197
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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