323,062 research outputs found
Distinguishing models of new physics at the LHC
No full textThe work presented in this thesis explores ways of distinguishing models of physics beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The focus is puton supersymmetric models, in particular the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and the E6-inspired Supersymmetric Standard Model (E6SSM), which are wellknown and well motivated models.The muon decay channel of the pseudoscalar and heavy Higgs bosons in the MSSM is studied. It is shown that these decays to muons, in some scenarios, make it possible to measure the widths of these Higgs bosons at the LHC. This is the only known way of measuring this width at the LHC. The decays to muons also allow for the mass to be measured accurately which together with the width measurement offers a uniqueopportunity to pin down the value of the model parameter tan Beta, which could be used to distinguish different scenarios within the MSSM and potentially in its extensions.Gluino cascade decays are investigated as a tool to distinguish the MSSM from more complex models, with the E6SSM as an example. It is shown that the longer cascadedecays of the E6SSM gluinos provide less missing transverse momentum and higher lepton multiplicity, implying the higher importance of multi-lepton searches at the LHC in models with a richer low-energy particle content. The three-lepton channel is shown to be a good discriminator between the models. In the case of a gluino discovery one would typically expect a signal in this channel if it is an E6SSM gluino but not if it is an MSSM gluino.Furthermore, the implications of limits from dark matter and Z' searches on the Higgs sector and other collider phenomenology are discussed. These implications are important to constrain and differentiate models. In addition, the contribution to fine-tuning from the Z' mass is discussed as an important measure of how attractive a model is, which should be considered by model builder
Pseudotomentella sorjusensis Svantesson & Larsson & Larsson 2021, sp. nov.
No full textPseudotomentella sorjusensis Svantesson, sp. nov. (Fig. 4) MycoBank No.: MB 835163. UNITE SH: SH1185284.08 FU. Etymology: the name refers to Sorjus, an older spelling of the type locality. Type: SWEDEN. Lule Lappmark: Jokkmokk, Sårjås N, low alpine heath on ground with intermediate pH, on underside of stone, 17 August 2016, S . Svantesson 298 (holotype: GB!, GenBank Acc. No. ITS: MT 146448). Basidiome annual, resupinate, membranaceous; effused to approximately five centimetres in diameter. Mature parts continuous, with a firm, fibrous and compact yet soft and rather elastic texture. Hymenium smooth; greenish brown when fresh, brown with a reddish hue when dried. Immature parts discontinuous, byssoid with a cottony texture. Subhymenium and hymenium of immature parts blue grey when fresh, blue grey to grey brown when dried. Subiculum well-developed, loose, fibrous, brown; forms the outer edge of the basidiome, extending noticeably beyond the hymenium. Hyphal cords lacking, but loose bundles of subicular hyphae sometimes present. Hyphal system monomitic, clamp connections absent from all hyphae. Subicular hyphae noticeably long and straight, thick-walled; forming a loose tissue. Individual hyphae (3.0–) 3.1–4.3 μm wide, with a mean width of 3.6 μm; brown to orange brown in KOH, orange brown in water; inamyloid. Subhymenial hyphae often somewhat sinuous, thin to thick-walled; forming a rather dense tissue. Individual hyphae 3.3–5.2 (–5.5) μm wide, with a mean width of 4.3 μm; hyaline to brown in KOH, with a green or blue green reaction in the presence of air; pale green to pale orange green in water, with strongly granular contents; occasionally amyloid. Encrustation none observed. Basidia with four slightly curved sterigmata, occasionally two-sterigmate; clavate to narrowly clavate, sometimes clavopedunculate, thin-walled, with one–three slight constrictions. Dimensions: 41–56 (–59) × (10.1–) 10.3–12.1 (– 12.6) μm; mean dimensions: 48 × 11.5 μm. Sterigmata (7.0–) 7.2–8.9 (–9.2) μm long, with a mean length of 8.0 μm. Colours and reactions the same as for subhymenial hyphae; amyloid reaction most frequently found at the bases of basidia. Cystidial organs lacking. Basidiospores in frontal face generally with a subcircular or triangular basic shape and an angular, nodulose, triangular or sometimes cross-shaped outline, covered in bi-or trifurcate, sometimes singularly attached, echinuli. A majority of the spores with three-five distinct, rounded to square lobes; seven-lobed spores occasionally occurring; abnormally large spores originating from two-sterigmate basidia infrequently seen. Frontal dimensions: 7.4 – 8.6 (–9.1) × 7.7–8.8 (–9.1) μm; mean dimensions: 8.1 × 8.2 μm; Q-value: 0.9–1.1; mean Q-value: 1.0. Echinuli (0.5–) 0.6–0.8 μm long, with a mean length of 0.7 μm. Lateral face ellipsoid to ovoid, with evenly rounded edges or one–three lobes. Lateral dimensions: 7.4–8.5 × (5.0–) 5.2–6.3 (–6.5) μm; mean dimensions: 7.9 × 5.8 μm; Q-value: 1.2–1.5; mean Qvalue: 1.4. Colour in KOH pale brown to pale orange brown, in the presence of air sometimes with a green to blue green reaction; in water pale orange brown; occasionally amyloid. Chlamydospores lacking. Habitat The only specimen recorded to date of P. sorjusensis is the type collection, which was found in a low alpine heath on ground with intermediate pH. UNITE sequence metadata show that the species forms ectomycorrhiza with at least Picea abies (L.) H. Karst., Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, Salix arctica Pall. and Salix caprea L. (Kõljalg et al. 2005, Nilsson et al. 2018). One of the root tip sequences originate from an arctic locality, while the remaining sequences in the UNITE SH come from temperate forests in lowland areas. Distribution Basidiomata encountered in: Sweden. Root tip samples confirm presence also in Estonia (3), Canada (2), and soil samples in Estonia (56) and Latvia (2). Remarks Within the P. tristis group, the basidiome of P. sorjusensis can be recognised by its lack of hyphal cords and skeletal hyphae, its dense, compact texture after drying, bluish colour of immature parts, narrow subicular hyphae and its short spores. Two species, P. badjelanndana and P. rotundispora are similar to P. sorjusensis. Pseudotomentella badjelanndana has thinner subhymenial hyphae, whose mean diameter is smaller than its subicular hyphae. Its spores are also generally longer than wide and have longer echinuli but a larger frontal face than in P. sorjusensis. Pseudotomentella rotundispora differs from P. sorjusensis by slightly thinner subhymenial hyphae, which are of more or less equal width to its subicular hyphae and by its spores, which are slightly shorter in frontal face. For further notes on the morphological separation of species within the P. rotundispora group see Remarks under the description of P. badjelanndana. Other described species within the group can appear similar, but have either wider hyphae, longer spores or both.Published as part of Svantesson, Sten, Larsson, Karl-Henrik & Larsson, Ellen, 2021, Pseudotomentella badjelanndana, Pseudotomentella sorjusensis and Tomentella viridibasidia-three new corticioid Thelephorales species from the Scandes Mountains, pp. 61-78 in Phytotaxa 497 (2) on pages 71-72, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.497.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/542383
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Taxonomy and Systematics of Thelephorales – Glimpses Into its Hidden Hyperdiversity
No full textThe order Thelephorales is a widespread group of many thousands of species of ecologically important, ectomycorrhizal fungi, of which only a fraction have been described to date. Most species are corticioid (skin-like) and form complexes of morphologically similar, closely related species. At the same time the names that do exist are often old, have unclear synonymy and their common presence within such complexes often hinders the description of new species. For the comparatively few stipitate (with cap and stipe) Thelephorales species taxonomic knowledge is more complete but the phylogenetic relationships between taxa is largely unknown; most existing genera have been circumscribed based on macromorphology. Many stipitate species occurring in the Nordic countries are dependent on old growth forest and are hence included in the national Red Lists, while the conservational situation for nearly all corticioid species is unknown, due to their unclear taxonomy. Pseudotomentella tristis s.l. is a seemingly common, widespread and ecologically very plastic, corticioid morphospecies with an old name and nine heterotypic synonyms. Through a combination of type studies, precise spore measurements, ecological data and a multi-gene phylogeny, three species are identified under already existing names and another ten are described as new. One species, P. umbrina, is found to indeed be a common and widespread species with a wide ecological amplitude, while the remaining 12 are less common, possibly less widespread, have narrower ecological niches and in a few
cases seem to be host-restricted. In similarity to stipitate species, a large proportion of the newly described species seem to only occur in old growth forest.
Three corticioid species from the Scandes mountains, two Pseudotomentella species and one Tomentella, are described as new, based on ITS-LSU phylogenies. The Pseudotomentella species belong to the P. tristis group, where they are more or less cryptic with another newly described species.
A new, stipitate species in the hitherto corticioid genus Amaurodon is described, the stipitate genera Hydnellum and Sarcodon are delimited against each other and the stipitate genus Polyozellus is delimited against the corticioid genus Pseudotomentella – the former two with phylogenies based on ITS and LSU
sequences and the latter based on a multi-gene dataset. Hydnellum is found to make Sarcodon paraphyletic, as does Polyozellus Pseudotomentella. To amend this, twelve species are recombined from Hydnellum to
Sarcodon, while all species, including the type, are moved from Pseudotomentella to Polyozellus.
In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates that corticioid species complexes in Thelephorales with many taxa and old names can be successfully disentangled and presents a method for doing so; it identifies molecular markers and sets a standard of measuring spores and collating ecological data that will facilitate further taxonomic work within the order. In addition, it shows that basidiomata shape is a poor predictor of generic affinity, even when derived from such striking differences as the separation of stipitate and
corticioid forms. Consequently, the extinction threat previously documented for stipitate species is likely not restricted to such, and this is also tentatively shown for corticioid Polyozellus species
Fig. 7. A–C in Four new species of Hydnellum (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) with a note on Sarcodon illudens
No full textFig. 7. A–C. Hydnellum roseoviolaceum, holotype, GB-0195936, photos B. Pettersson. D. H. roseoviolaceum type locality, photo B. Pettersson. E. H. fuligineoviolaceum TU106391 (UDB011895), photo V. Liiv. F. H. fuligineoviolaceum GB-0195817.Published as part of Nitare, J., Ainsworth, A.M., Larsson, E., Parfitt, D., Suz, L.M., Svantesson, S. & Larsson, K.-H., 2021, Four new species of Hydnellum (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) with a note on Sarcodon illudens, pp. 233-254 in Fungal Systematics and Evolution 7 (1) on page 249, DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.12, http://zenodo.org/record/583883
Fig. 4. A in Four new species of Hydnellum (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) with a note on Sarcodon illudens
No full textFig. 4. A. Hydnellum fagiscabrosum GB-0195727. B. Collecting site for GB-0195727. C. H. fagiscabrosum holotype, GB-0195805. D. H. fagiscabrosum O-F-251442, photo I.-L. Fonneland. E. H. fagiscabrosum Hyd229, photo A. Lucas F. H. fagiscabrosum GB-0195622, photo J. Olsson. G. Hydnellum lepidum DMS-680077, photo T. Borgen. H. H. lepidum GB-0202073.Published as part of Nitare, J., Ainsworth, A.M., Larsson, E., Parfitt, D., Suz, L.M., Svantesson, S. & Larsson, K.-H., 2021, Four new species of Hydnellum (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) with a note on Sarcodon illudens, pp. 233-254 in Fungal Systematics and Evolution 7 (1) on page 244, DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.12, http://zenodo.org/record/583883
Effects on NO inhalation on pulmonary leukocyte sequestration and blood volume in porcine endotoxaemia
No full textFig. 9. Hydnellum basidiospores. A. H in Four new species of Hydnellum (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) with a note on Sarcodon illudens
No full textFig. 9. Hydnellum basidiospores. A. H. fagiscabrosum (holotype, GB-0195805). B. H. glaucopus (GB-0195722). C. H. illudens (GB-0195937). D. H. lepidum (GB-129373). E. H. nemorosum (O-F-242352). F. H. roseoviolaceum (holotype. GB-0195936). G. H. scabrosellum (holotype, GB-0195689). H. H. scabrosum (GB-0195731). Scale bar = 5 µm.Published as part of Nitare, J., Ainsworth, A.M., Larsson, E., Parfitt, D., Suz, L.M., Svantesson, S. & Larsson, K.-H., 2021, Four new species of Hydnellum (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) with a note on Sarcodon illudens, pp. 233-254 in Fungal Systematics and Evolution 7 (1) on page 251, DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.12, http://zenodo.org/record/583883
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