665 research outputs found
Letter from T.T. Richards to Thomas Lamb Eliot
No full texthttps://rdc.reed.edu/v1/resources/692f01b5-3181-48ab-b448-088b2b74ffc3/thumb/128.jpgLetter explaining that the author mailed a copy of the "History of the Halleck Guard" to Thomas Lamb Eliot
Op welke wyse word die waarheid gelieg? Die kortverhale van T.T. Cloete
No full textTruthful lying in T.T. Cloete’s short stories
In this article an attempt is made to characterize the short stories of T.T. Cloete in Die waarheid gelieg. The theory of focalization is examined briefly and a definition of focalization which emphasizes the epistemological aspects ofperspective and formulation is used to examine the stories. The stories are compared to stories of Kafka and Borges indicating the resemblances, especially the fascination with the unexpected and weird contradictions in reality, as well as the differences. An intratextual reading of the stories and poems by the same author is undertaken in an attempt to formulate the epistemic position of the focalization in the texts. The article concludes that the Christian worldview as well as a poetics of nomenliterature of the abstract author can be deduced from the stories on account of the assumption that epistemic stances are reflected in the narrative representation and can be communicated to readers by means of propositional attitudes
Džuzeppe Verdi i ital’janskaja muzykal’naja tradicija v opere L.A. Desjatnikova Deti Rozentalja
No full textВ статье рассматривается проблема итальянской традиции в постмодернистской опере Леонида Десятникова «Дети Розенталя», основанной на сюжете романа Владимира Сорокина «Голубое сало» и поставленной в 2005 г. на сцене Большого театра. Автор анализирует музыкальное изображение композитора Джузеппе Верди с целью освещения ракурса рецепции итальянской оперы в России. В статье также рассматриваются цитаты в опере из вагнеровских драм «Парсифаль» и «Лоэнгрин», из оперы Мусоргского «Борис Годунов», а также из шедевра Чайковского «Евгений Онегин».The article examines the problem of the Italian tradition in the postmodern opera “Children of Rosenthal” by Leonid Desyatnikov based on the plot of the novel “Blue Lard” by Vladimir Sorokin and staged in 2005 at the Bolshoi theatre. The author analyzes the musical image of the composer Giuseppe Verdi in order to highlight the angle of the reception of Italian opera in Russia. Quotations in the opera from Wagner’s dramas “Parsifal” and “Lohengrin”, from Mussorgsky’s opera “Boris Godunov”, as well as from Tchaikovsky’s masterpiece “Eugene Onegin” are considered in the article
Outobiografie in en om die teks met spesiale verwysing na die poësie van T.T. Cloete
No full textThesis (MA (Afrikaans en Nederlands))--PU vir CHO, 1996This study investigates the character, manifestation and function of autobiographical codes in poetry and specifically in the poetry of T.T. Cloete. Method A distinction is made between a poem with autobiographical codes and an autobiographical poem. Although autobiographical codes are used in both, the autobiographical contract is clearly manifested in the autobiographical poem with the result that the poet becomes more than a mere intertext - the poet also becomes the text. The autobiographical information then not only broadens the written text, but also assists in exposing the poet himself. The theory of autobiography is used to explicate this distinction as well as to indicate how the autobiographical poem is accommodated within the genre. Concerning the poem with autobiographical codes, this study is based on a systems theory approach which pays special attention to the importance of codes in the creation of meaning and comprehensibility. At the same time, emphasis is placed on the role of intertextuality during decoding – especially on the author or poet as intertext. In this instance the poetry of T.T. Cloete, rich with autobiographical reference, is interpreted according to the theoretical conclusions drawn. Conclusion Through the investigation of autobiographical codes in poetry, this study proves that there is a remarkable distinction between an autobiographical poem and a poem with autobiographical codes. This distinction directs the reader towards the most suitable theoretical substructure and act as guidelines for a reading strategy. The identification and use of autobiographical codes in the poetry of T.T. Cloete - with regard to the distinctions mentioned above - broaden the analysis and interpretation of the poems on a cognitive as well as an emotive level.Master
(13(2):27-38)溫度對於浸水土壤中氮素以氣態損失之影響
No full textExperiments have been carried out in order to investigate the influences of temperature on gaseous loss of nitrogen and on changes in contents of ammonium and nitrate-nitrogen in some soils of Taiwan under flooded conditions. The soils used in the experiments are Taipei silt loam, Yilan silty clay loam, Pinchen loam, Yuanlin clay loam, Hsinying clay loam and Pintung silty clay loam. The soils are incubated at various temperatures under flooding conditions after adding ainmonium-nitrogen, and analyzed for nitrogen of various forms. The decrease of total nitrogen is regarded as the amount of gaseous loss of nitrogen. The following results are obtained:
(1) In temperature range of 10°-30°C., gaseous loss of nitrogen, probably due to successive processes of nitrification and denitrification, increases with tem-perature. The soils lose 4-10% of total nitrogen including applied ammonium-nitrogen at 10°C. in 2 months, 11-16% at 20°C. and 16-20% at 30°C. excepting in Pinchen loam, in which the loss is less than 3% regardless of temperature.
(2) The amount of nitrogen loss is larger in Yuan silty clay loam, Yuanlin clay loam, and Pintung silty clay loam that have high pH-values than in Taipei silt loam having a low pH-value. Pinchen loam which is a strongly acidic soil loses the least amount of nitrogen among the soils investigated. Liming acidic soils to a neutral pH-value increases the amount of nitrogen loss very significantly. These results suggest the remarkable influence of pH-value of soil on gaseous loss of nitrogen. Although Hsinying clay loam is a neutral soil, the amount of nitrogen loss is smaller in it than in other neutral soils probably because of its low contents of total nitrogen and organic matter.
(3) Gaseous loss of nitrogen is active in early period of flooding.
(4) Significant difference cannot be found between the amounts of nitrogen loss in the 1st and the 2nd crop seasons of paddy rice. But the loss is less in winter months than in both crop seasons.
(5) The content of ammonium-nitrogen in flooded soil supplied with ammonium sulfate decreases rapidly when the soil is neutral. The decrease must be due to the process of nitrification, which may take place in surface layer of flooded soil immediately after flooding if conditions are favorable. The content of ammonium-nitrogen in Taipei silt loam decreases at 30℃., but it keeps a practically constant high level at 10° and 20°C. Liming acidic soil promotes the decrease in content of ammonium-nitrogen.
(6) The rate of decrease in content of ammonium-nitrogen in the flooded soils is about the same at 10O and 20°C. but it becomes rapid at 30°C.
(7) Nitrate-nitrogen does not accumulate very much in flooded soils excepting in Yilan silty clay loam and Pintung silty clay loam flooded for 6 or 7 weeks.
The experiment presented above was carried out as a part of the project “The causes of low yield of rice in tropical and subtropical regions.”, which was sup-ported by Rockefeller Foundation and sponsored by Dr. Shoei-Chyuan Hsu, Director, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute. The author is grateful for the support and the valuable advices to the foundation and Dr. Hsu.
為研討溫度對於浸水土壤中以氣態損失之氮素量及其中銨態氮，硝酸態氮含量變化之影響，取臺北坋質壤土、宜蘭坋質粘壤土、平鎮壤土、員林粘壤土、新營粘壤土及屏東坋質粘壤土，加入硫酸銨，浸水後，在不同溫度之下保溫2~4個月，定量土壤中全氮量並求出其損失量。又於浸水土壤中加入硫酸銨，在10O , 20O 及 30℃之下保溫9週，每週定量銨態氮及硝酸態氮，就此兩種形態之氮素含量變化予以觀察。所得結果如下：
1. 在10O~30℃之溫度範圍內，以氣態損失之氮素量隨溫度之上昇而增多。此損失之原因可能為硝化作用及硝酸還原作用。浸水2個月時，氮素損失量對於全氮量之百分比，在10℃之下為4~10%，在 20℃之下為11~16%，在30℃之下為16~20%。平鎮壤土中，氮素損失量較少，在10O~30℃之下為全壤量之3%以下。
2. 宜蘭坋質粘壤土，員林粘壤土及屏東坋質粘壤土等中性土壤中，氮素損失量較酸性土壤為多。平鎮壤土中損失量最少。酸性土壤中加入石灰時，其損失量增加甚多。此顯示土壤pH值對於氮素之損失有密接關係。新營粘壤土雖為中性土壤，因其全氮及有機物含量均低，氮素損失量較少。3. 浸水期間中損失之氮素量，大部份係在浸水初期消失。
4. 水稻第一期作及第二期作期間中，氮素損失量之差異不顯著，但在冬季中其損失量較少。
5. 中性土壤中施用硫酸銨後浸水時，其銨態氮含量迅速減低。此減低原因可能為硝化作用。在臺北坋質壤土中銨態氮含量，在30℃之下降低，但在10O及20O之下，其含量不減低而保持大約一定之數值，酸性土壤中施用石灰時，銨態氮含量加速降低。
6. 浸水土壤中銨態氮含量減低之速度，在10O及20O之下大約相同，在30℃之下其減少迅速。
7. 浸水土壤中硝酸態氮之蓄積量通甚少，但在宜蘭坋質粘攘土及屏東坋質粘壤土中，浸水數週後其蓄積量相當多
T.T. Cloete as literary critic, theorist and literary historian (Part 2): T.T. Cloete as theorist of literary history
No full textIt had already been stated that Siegfried Schmidt (in Hjort 1992) discerned four ‘roles’ within the Literary System, that of literary production, dissemination, reception and literary processing. According to this definition, T.T. Cloete, the well-known author and critic, had played all of these roles. In this second part of a two-part article the focus is on Cloete as a literary historian and in particular on his theoretical (methodological) perceptions pertaining to literary history. It is abundantly clear that in all of his different roles a historical awareness was always present. For Cloete the literary work of art was inbedded in a historical timeframe which imposed hermeneutical imperatives on the critic; on the other hand the literary work of art is present in the here and now and accessible to any skilled reader. One of the objectives of this study is to argue that there was thus an implied dichotomy in Cloete’s thinking on literary history. On the one hand there had been a relativistic view that positioned literary texts in the past, and on the other hand a normative view that implied that certain texts (due to inherent qualities like integration and complexity) could gain a certain permanence. In the last part of this article-true to the narrative approach, an implied confrontation with Cloete’s (methodological) views of literary history lead to a personal standpoint as a confrontation with the self (cf. Sools 2009:27). This explication of a personal view on the writing of a literary history (as an implied homage to Cloete) concluded the article
The use of mangroves in coastal protection
No full textApart from many ecological advantages, mangroves in front of a coastal defence may lower the construction and maintenance costs of the defence. Although mangroves have hardly any reducing effect on water levels (and on tsunami impact) mangroves may significantly reduce wave attack on a coastal dike, and in this way reduce the cost of a revetment and lower the design height of a levee because of reduced run\u81]up and overtopping height. This paper describes a design tool for the required width of the mangrove belt, as well as some guidance for planting the mangroves. Design graphs are presented to determine the required mangrove belt as a function of deep water wave action and mangrove density.Hydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Morphodynamics of seasonally closed coastal inlets at the central coast of Vietnam
No full textSituated in a monsoon-prone humid tropical region, Vietnam is affected by both oceanic and continental climates causing disasters to the country like riverine flooding and storm induced damage. The coastal districts of Vietnam have a population of about 18 million habitants, account for nearly one fourth of the total population of the country and locate about 50% of the major towns and cities of Vietnam. Most of the people currently living in the coastal zone have their livelihood mainly relying on marine resources and they are also the most vulnerable to sea-related natural disasters, such as storms and floods. The natural disasters occurring in the coastal strip in the central part of Vietnam, caused by meteorological and oceanographical factors, are intensified by human interventions, like the damming of rivers for various purposes or the extensive deforestation for the creation of agricultural lands. With more than 1,000 km of coastline, the central coast of Vietnam has more than sixty inlets and river mouths discharging into the South China Sea. These systems play a vital role in social-economic activities in the region. The steep rivers with abundant natural but temporally unevenly distributed flows make the low-lying coastal plains in the region prone to inundation by flooding, while the river is almost dry during the rest of the year. Specific topographical features and hydrological characteristics of the region produce a particularly high seasonal geomorphological variation of tidal inlets and river mouths, from narrowing, shoaling or entirely closing in the dry season to widening or breaching in the flood period. Frequent disasters set back development efforts in this poorest region of Vietnam and trap people in a cycle of poverty. Stabilising inlets at the central coast of Vietnam therefore is recognised as one of the priority tasks to mitigate potential risks caused by natural disasters, especially by floods and storms on low-lying coastal plains, and to promote a safe and stable condition for social-economic development in the region. To carry out this task, Vietnam needs both substantial financial and human resources, particularly knowledge and experience in coastal engineering, which is not trivial for a developing country. Additionally, strong seasonal variation of inlets and estuaries contribute to the complexity of problems and raise a necessity to implement a strategy for inlet and river mouth stabilisation under the constraints of a shortage of resources and knowledge. This thesis focuses on tidal inlets and estuaries in a wave-dominated, micro-tidal environment under the influence of episodic river flooding in the central coast of Vietnam. Natural behaviour and morphological stability of tidal inlets, which significantly interact with channel migration, entrance shoaling or closure have been identified and analysed based on field observations, historical satellite images, topographical maps and bathymetrical data. Based on the regional natural settings and hydrodynamic-morphological features, tidal inlets along the central coast of Vietnam can be divided into two main categories, namely, (1) barrier lagoon inlets and (2) wave dominated estuary inlets. A conceptual model for channel evolution and seasonal opening/closure of tidal inlets is proposed which describes the cyclic evolution of a typical tidal inlet at the central coast of Vietnam. In the conceptual model, the inlet entrance is forced both by the alongshore current which deposits sediment in the inlet channel and by the ebb tidal and river generated currents which erode sediment from the inlet channel. The interpretation of the Escoffier diagram is extended conceptually to explain the seasonal variation of both open equilibrium and closure. The variation is regulated by the seasonal variation of river flow and littoral drift. The conceptual model indicates the two major processes which dominate in the dry and the flood season leading to a deviation from the stable and unstable equilibrium points in the Escoffier diagram. This supports our understanding of seasonal variation of coastal inlets and estuaries in a region that experiences monsoons and storms causing a large fluctuation in littoral drift and ebb flow at the central coast of Vietnam. To get deeper insight into the underlying processes and cross-sectional stability of an schematised tidal inlet, regulated by tides only and regulated by both tides and waves, the process-based morphodynamic modelling system Delft-3D has been applied. In the model the tidal period, amplitude, basin area and initial inlet dimensions were changed systematically to create different hydrodynamic environments for inlet evolution. The model successfully reproduces the evolution of the channel flow area towards equilibrium for a tidal inlet and is able to describe the main behaviour of an inlet in response to a range of tide and wave conditions and geometries. The model results are in good agreement with empirical relationships (O'Brien, 1969; Jarrett, 1976) and the analytical solution (DiLorenzo, 1988) of Escoffier's diagram. To investigate location stability of inlet channels, seven experiments were designed to cover 3 different stability ranges (poor, fair to good stability). Reliable model results increase the understanding of the processes underlying the migration and closure of a tidal inlet. It is found that tidal inlet behaviour and location stability is linked to the number of channels on the ebb delta, the curvature if there is only one channel, type of bar on the ebb delta, the migration of the updrift barrier island, the distance between the inlet throat and the outer of margin of entrance bar. The model results demonstrate that the process-based model is able to reproduce the morphological evolution of a tidal inlet fairly consistent with the Bruun et al. (1978) empirical criteria for location stability. A typical example of a tidal inlet migrating due to oblique waves which includes features such as ebb channel migration, shifting and diminishing, and the bypassing of ebb shoals from the updrift to the downdrift barriers is investigated and discussed in detail. In another case inlet closure due to prolongation of the ebb channel and infilling with littoral-drift material in the foreshore is also observed. Furthermore, the model results indicate that Escoffier's closure curve is solely applicable to the stability of the channel gorge and thus insufficient to explain the closure of a tidal inlet due to littoral sand infilling into the main ebb channel. In this study solutions are developed for the stabilisation of tidal inlets at the central coast of Vietnam. The solutions are based on the natural behaviour and evolution of two different types of tidal inlets in the region, namely 1) barrier lagoon inlets and 2) inlets formed at the mouth of wave dominated estuaries. For each type of inlet, both short-term and long-term solutions as well as structural and non-structural solutions are taken into account. The solution for the stabilisation of inlets at the central coast of Vietnam is to restrict and/or response to problems. To verify proposed solutions for the stabilisation of inlets along the central coast of Vietnam, process-based modelling is employed to simulate the evolution of a schematised tidal inlet that is stabilised by two jetties and by using river flow to flush the inlet channel. The simulation results show that the inlet after stabilisation by jetties remains open but the inlet channel is highly variable due to the accumulation and erosion of sediment in between two jetties. A sedimentation and erosion pattern is found which is related to the distance in between the two jetties and the strength of the tidal power. An optimum distance between the two jetties that takes into account the effectiveness of the jetties and the structural safety during a major flood event need further study. For inlets that are stabilised by using river flow to flush the inlet, a set of simulation scenarios in which different flushing discharges and flushing durations was designed. For a limited number of simulation scenarios, the model results show that with the same amount of flushing volume, the scenario that has a longer flushing duration and a sufficient flushing discharge is more efficient than the scenario that uses a high flushing discharge over a short duration. This means that the flushing efficiency is closely related to the flushing duration rather than the flushing discharge. Moreover, the flushing moment (at the beginning of the ebb phase or at the beginning of the flood phase) will also contribute to the efficiency of the solution but needs more study.Department of Hydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
The Role of the Diffusion Mechanism in Models of the Evolution of Microstructure During Phase Separation
No full textAbstractWe have studied phase separation and subsequent coarsening of the microstructure in a two-dimensional square lattice using a stochastic Monte Carlo model and a deterministic mean field model. The differences and similarities between these approaches are discussed. We have found that a realistic diffusion mechanism through a vacancy motion in Monte Carlo simulations is cruicial in producing different coarsening mechanisms over a range of temperatures. This cannot be captured by the mean field model, in which the transformation is governed by the minimization of a free energy functional.</jats:p
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