1,721,132 research outputs found
Scanning horizons in research, policy and practice
No full textNew and emerging environmental issues make policy and practice difficult. A pressing need to respond when knowledge of the problem is limited is added to an already challenging conservation agenda. Horizon-scanning is an evolving approach that draws on diverse information sources to identify early indications of poorly recognised threats and opportunities. There are many ways to conduct horizon scans, ranging from automated techniques that scan online content and mine text to manual methods that systematically consult large groups of people (often experts). These different approaches aim to sort through vast volumes of information to look for signals of change, for example the rise in microplastics or the use of mobile phones to gather data in remote forests. Identifying these new threats and opportunities is the first important step towards further researching and managing them. This chapter reviews different approaches to horizon-scanning, together with ways of encouraging uptake of scanning outputs. It concludes by introducing emerging technologies that will add value to horizon-scanning in the future
Transforming Practice: Checklists for Delivering Change
No full textCopyright © 2022 The Authors. Delivering a revolution in evidence use requires a cultural change across society. For a wide range of groups (practitioners, knowledge brokers, organisations, organisational leaders, policy makers, funders, researchers, journal publishers, the wider conservation community, educators, writers, and journalists), options are described to facilitate a change in practice, and a series of downloadable checklists are provided.Copyright © 2022 Tatsuya Amano, Longji Bako, Marina Best, Nicolas Boenisch, Philipp Boersch-Supan, Des Browne, Yvonne Buckley, Mark Burgman, Marc W. Cadotte, Stefano Canessa, Samantha H. Cheng, Alec P. Christie, Geoffroy Citegetse, Carly N. Cook, Steven J. Cooke, Gemma Cranston, Lynn V. Dicks, Angelita De la Luz, Iain Dickson, Harriet Downey, Johanna Eklund, Nafeesa Esmail, Paul J. Ferraro, Alison Field, Martin Fisher, Robert Freckleton, Winifred Frick, H. Charles J. Godfray, Matthew J. Grainger, Rhys Green, Mark Hancock, Victoria Hemming, Jonathan Hughes, Robyn Irvine, Hazel A. Jackson, Kaylene E. Keller, Julia Koricheva, Charles Latrémouille, Marissa McBride, Angela R. McLean, Tom McPherson, William H. Morgan, Matt Muir*, Nibedita Mukherjee, David O’Brien, Nancy Ockendon, Danni Parks, Silviu Petrovan, Maud Quinzin, Nicola Randall, Ali Mohammad Rezaie, Dilys Roe, David Rose, Libby Rumpff, Ullrika Sahlin, Nick Salafsky, Stefan Schindler, Tom Sheldon, Ashley T. Simkins, Rebecca K. Smith, Jonathan Spencer, William J. Sutherland, Iroro Tanshi, Nigel G Taylor, Eleanor R. Tew, Des B.A. Thompson, Ann Thornton, Paul Tinsley-Marshall, Thomas B. White, Kate Willott Jeremy D. Wilson, Bonnie C. Wintle, Thomas A. Worthington, Hiromi Yamashita, Lindsay C. Young
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Improving the Reliability of Judgements
No full textCopyright © 2022 Bonnie C. Wintle, Nibedita Mukherjee, Victoria Hemming, Stefano Canessa, Marissa McBride. Judgements underpin all aspects of decision making, whether assessing the nature of the problem, interpreting evidence, or deciding upon the risks and benefits of different actions. Serious problems arise with conventional means of deriving judgements to inform decisions, such as confusing values and facts, listening to a single expert, or deploying processes prone to individual and group biases such as forced consensus. Thankfully there are methods that reduce the impact of such biases including processes such as the Delphi Technique and the IDEA protocol. This chapter outlines these methods to aid in eliciting better judgements in decision making
Model-Independent Probes of Cosmology & Gravitation
Get PDFPhDCosmology & Gravitation are the fundamental studies in understanding the physics of the universe that we reside in. The approach in achieving the knowledge of the physical laws which govern our universe, is via the observations of the dynamics, geometries, and evolution of the astrophysical structures within it. Recent cosmological observations have tted well to a cosmological model known as CDM; where our universe's energy content is dominated a cosmological constant ( ) and Cold Dark Matter (CDM). The CDM model is based with gravity described by Einstein's theory of General Relativity (GR); where GR also provides the best description of gravity on all scales. However, the CDM plus GR model requires a cold, non-baryonic, non-visible CDM component, and DE to t the cosmological data. At present, there is no decisive detection of DM leaving an open window for Modi ed Gravity (MG) theories attempting to explain data without the inclusion of DM; and the CDM model contains loose constraints on the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), the epoch at which the rst galaxies and Super Massive Black Holes (SMBH) began to form. This thesis consists of model-independent probes of cosmology & gravitation. Part of this thesis involves searching for high redshift, z 6.5 quasars, with the VISTA Kilo-degree INfrared Galaxy (VIKING), where we expand on the search criteria used by Findlay et al. (2012) and Venemans et al. (2013), by applying various speci c cut methods, resulting in an extended search for these high redshift quasars within the VISTA Science Archive (VSA) database. These quasars can be used as cosmological probes of the EoR by constraining the redshift at which EoR begun, and the formation & evolution of the rst galaxies and SMBHs. Another part of this thesis is the prospects of testing gravity in very low acceleration regimes via Wide Binary (WB) stellar systems, with separations & 3 kAU. These WB systems can achieve low accelerations, on scales . 10 10 ms 2, which is comparable to the value where galaxy rotation curves attens due to DM or a MG. Thus, WBs can probe these low acceleration regimes without the presence of DM, hence making them `clean' and powerful probes of gravity. Our work consists of simulating a large sample of random orbits in various MG models, and predict the observed relative velocities and projected separations, comparing Newtonian prediction against other MG models. This work then follows into using the latest data release from GAIA to select a clean, unperturbed sample of WB systems, obtaining their projected velocities and separations. The selected WBs can then be followed-up with high-resolution ground-based spectroscopy, obtaining their radial velocities, allowing tests of gravity.This work was supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), grant number: ST/M503733/1
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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