1,720,982 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Identification of transcriptomic and proteomic biomarkers for TB and evaluation of point-of-care tests for diagnosis and treatment response
Full text linkIntroduction:
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, partly driven by the limitations of current diagnostic and treatment monitoring tools, and an incomplete understanding of immune correlates of protection. Standard diagnostic tools, culture and molecular tests are often inaccessible in resource-constrained settings and rely on quality sputum specimens, which are difficult to obtain from children, people living with HIV, and individuals with extrapulmonary TB. Furthermore, gaps in understanding of the immune mechanisms that confer protection limit the development and evaluation of effective vaccines. This thesis addresses two key gaps: (1) the need for non-sputum-based diagnostic tools, and (2) the identification of immune correlates of early protective immunity.
Methods:
This research was conducted in two complementary arms. In the first, the diagnostic performance of two fingerstick blood-based point-of-care tests were evaluated: the Cepheid MTB-HR assay, which measures three host genes (GBP5, DUSP3 and KLF2), and the multi-biomarker test (MBT), which measures three host proteins (SAA1, CRP, and IP-10). These tests were assessed in adolescents and adults presenting with symptoms suggestive of active pulmonary TB. In the second arm, discovery-based approaches were used to identify host biomarkers relevant to TB diagnosis, treatment response, and immune protection. Targeted transcriptomic profiling was performed on PAXgene blood samples from microbiologically
confirmed TB patients during treatment, while cytokine biosignatures were analyzed in serum from adolescent and adult patients with presumptive TB. In addition, single-cell transcriptomic analysis was conducted on cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from highly exposed adolescent and adult household contacts of TB index cases who were QuantiFERON (QFT) negative at baseline and either remained negative at 6 months or converted to QFT positive. Samples were analysed at baseline, prior to any signs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
Results:
The MTB-HR test showed high diagnostic accuracy, with an AUC of 0.95 (95% CI 0.92-0.97), and specificity of 0.85 (95% CI 0.76-0.95) at a fixed sensitivity of 90%, meeting the minimal TPP for a triage test. Similarly, the MBT test yielded an AUC of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.87–0.98), with a specificity of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.58 – 0.90), also meeting the minimal TPP targets for a triage test. Both tests demonstrated robustness across varying bacillary loads and co-infections, and potential for treatment monitoring. Targeted RNA transcriptomic profiling identified a 7-gene signature that distinguished patients with good versus poor treatment outcomes, achieving AUCs of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85–0.99), 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96–0.99), and 1.0 (95% CI: 0.99–1.00) at baseline, month 2, and month 6, respectively. Additionally, a 6-gene signature at month 2 differentiated fast from slow responders, with AUCs of 0.49 (95% CI: 0.33–0.64), 0.58 (95% CI: 0.07–1.00), and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.78–1.00) at diagnosis, week 2, and month 2, respectively. Serum multiplexed cytokine analysis identified a biosignature of MIG, IL-2Ra, and M-CSF with an AUC of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89–0.96), and specificity of 82% (95% CI: 74–90) at a fixed sensitivity of 90%, meeting the target product profile for a non-sputum-based screening test. All three biomarkers declined significantly during treatment, supporting their potential use in treatment monitoring. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed no major differences in the abundance of immune cell subsets between resisters and converters at baseline. However, distinct transcriptional programs were observed: resisters showed enrichment in inflammatory pathways, particularly TNF signaling via NF-κB and enhanced immune suggesting heightened immune activation and responsiveness, while converters exhibited upregulation of type I and II interferon pathways. The enrichment of cytotoxic and inflammatory signatures in resisters indicates potential immune-mediated protective mechanisms.
Conclusions:
This study highlights the diagnostic potential of non-sputum-based tests for TB diagnosis and treatment monitoring and reveals novel immune pathways associated with natural resistance to TB. Together, these findings support the development of improved diagnostics, host-directed therapies, and more effective vaccines for TB prevention and control
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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