1,720,960 research outputs found
Individual CO2 emissions and the potential for reduction in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom
No full textUsing National Travel survey data from the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (UK), this paper examines how passenger transport emissions are divided across society and how similar this distribution is across these two countries. By looking across a series of data over time, the paper examines the extent to which the socio-economic characteristics of the main contributors of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are similar in these two countries. Based on the profiles of the main CO2 contributor, relevant policy measures are examined. The general effectiveness and acceptability of these measures are then discussed by drawing on pan-European (Eurobarometer) survey results. Analyses reveal that around 10% of the Dutch population is responsible for almost half of all travelrelated CO2 emissions in the Netherlands. Similarly, in the UK, around 20% of the population is responsible of the 60% of passenger transport-related CO2 emissions. Analysis of pan-European opinion surveys shows that there is a clear awareness among majority of the population that the type of car and the way it is used has an important impact on the environment. Despite this awareness, only a minority seem prepared to take action to reduce the environmnental consequences of their travel behaviour. The study supports the argument that the willingness to change behaviour is a complex mixture of individual and social interests. A major challenge is how to encourage changes in behaviour to reduce transport emissions with the right policies at the right time in the right place.Urban and Regional DevelopmentOTB Research Institut
Recent trends in travel behaviour and passenger transport fuel use: A comparison of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom
No full textThe transport sector is the largest and fastest growing consumer of energy in Europe, which poses a serious threat to Europe’s climate and environment. Over recent decades, increases in passenger and freight transport movements have both been responsible for this growth. These trends can be observed in most European countries including the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (UK), where per capita transport fuel consumption increased by 9% and 4% respectively in the relatively short period between 2000 and 2006 (and by 37% and 16% respectively between 1990 and 2006). In many ways, general travel patterns in these two countries have not changed substantially during this period: total travel distance, average travel speed and travel time have all remained fairly constant. What has changed, however, is car occupancy, the type and age of vehicles on the road and the average number of trips, all of which have contributed to changes in energy consumption in the passenger transport sector. In this paper we focus on trends in individual mobility and related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, which are a close proxy for fuel consumption and total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transport. National travel data for the Netherlands and the UK from 2000 onwards are used to examine these trends. We construct a classification of individuals based on their travel patterns and related CO2 emissions with the aim of identifying the key socio-economic characteristics of individuals with high and low CO2 emissions. We then examine the extent to which these socio-economic characteristics are similar in both countries. Preliminary analyses reveal that in both countries around 10% of the population is responsible for almost half of all CO2 emissions in the passenger transport sector. At the other end of the spectrum, half the population is responsible for only 10-20% of passenger transportrelated CO2 emissions. Substantial differences in individual transport CO2 emissions are apparent according to socio-economic characteristics such as age, gender, income and employment status.Urban and Regional DevelopmentOTB Research Institut
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Identifying priority areas based on a thirteen years evolution of satisfaction with public transport and its determinants
No full textTransport & PlanningCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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