1,720,964 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Energy trilemma in times of crisis: The changing sociotechnical imaginaries of nuclear energy in Finland and Poland
No full textThe chapter explores the dynamic evolution of nuclear energy policies in Finland and Poland, particularly in response to the heightened energy crisis precipitated by the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. This crisis has emphasised the European Union’s push for energy independence from Russia, driving Baltic Sea Region countries towards a diversified energy mix and reducing reliance on Russian fossil fuels. The analysis applies the concept of sociotechnical imaginaries (STIs) to understand how societal values and aspirations influence and are influenced by nuclear energy policies. It details Finland’s historical collaboration with the Soviet Union and its recent shift away from Russian partnerships towards Western nuclear technologies and small modular reactors (SMRs). Conversely, Poland’s renewed commitment to nuclear power, notably free from Russian influence, highlights its long-standing national security agenda. The chapter traces the evolution of nuclear energy imaginaries in these countries from the 1960s to the present, illustrating how changing geopolitical and environmental contexts have reshaped policy responses and aspirations, reflecting at different times commitment to different dimensions of the energy trilemma – energy security, sustainability, and equity.Post-print / Final draf
North-eastern flank: Militarisation of the Baltic frontier
No full textAs part of a two-volume series, this report provides a critical analysis of NATO's north-eastern flank - Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia - as a vital bulwark against evolving Russian threats. It examines how the four countries have transitioned from post-Soviet vulnerabilities into pivotal contributors to NATO's collective defence through unprecedented military modernisation, strategic infrastructure development and societal resilience. Shaped by their history of external domination and the pressing need to counter regional threats, these countries have integrated NATO forces and operationalised total defence strategies. All four states have well exceeded NATO's 2% GDP defence spending benchmark and are aiming for 5% and above in the coming years. Enhanced deterrence frameworks, including NATO's Enhanced Forward Presence and joint regional capabilities, have fortified the region's capacity to counter conventional and hybrid threats. Despite these advancements, critical gaps in civil defence infrastructure and resource mobilisation remain. This report analyses the region's indispensable role in NATO's deterrence-by-denial strategy and offers actionable recommendations to address vulnerabilities, ensuring sustained readiness and the Alliance's long-term security posture
Northern horizon: Strengthening security in the Baltic Sea region
No full textAs a part of a two-volume series, this report provides a strategic assessment of Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Germany in the context of escalating geopolitical threats in the Baltic Sea region. It analyses how each country has recalibrated its defence posture - through adjustments to military spending, modernisation, enhanced civil preparedness, and NATO integration - while leveraging distinct strategic advantages. Finland and Sweden, anchored in their 'total defence' traditions, have significantly enhanced military and societal resilience, marking a historic reconfiguration of regional security through NATO accession. Denmark has reinforced its Arctic and Baltic defences, prioritised rapid deployment capabilities and reinforced transatlantic ties. Germany, under its Zeitenwende policy, is advancing military modernisation despite persistent resource constraints and bureaucratic inertia. Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine served as a watershed moment prompting all four countries to meet NATO's 2% GDP defence spending benchmark, underscoring how acute threat perception has driven overdue investment and strategic adaptation. Despite this progress, enduring challenges persist - from readiness gaps and procurement delays to civil defence vulnerabilities. This report examines the recent developments, and challenges and highlights the importance of regional cooperation, NATO interoperability and sustainable defence strategies to ensure long-term stability in the region
Invisible frontlines: Safeguarding the European energy infrastructure
No full textThis report explores key challenges and priorities in safeguarding Europe's critical energy infrastructure against both physical and cyber threats amid rising geopolitical tensions. It follows recent sabotage incidents and the extensive development of new offshore energy infrastructure planned in maritime zones. Strengthening defenses against the multifaceted threats to Europe's energy system is crucial and the analysis is essential reading for grasping the urgent need for improved security measures and international collaboration to protect the continent's vital energy assets
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Out with the old, in with the new? The EU's path out of the energy crisis
No full textThis report explores the EU's bold efforts to diversify energy sources, ramp up renewable energy use, and enforce stringent energy efficiency measures amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent energy crisis. Discover to what extent the EU has overcome infrastructural and geopolitical challenges to end its reliance on Russian fossil fuels and transition to a sustainable energy system and what key challenges remain
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