1,721,082 research outputs found
Phosphate recovery from wastewater via reversible adsorption
No full textEutrophication and the resulting formation of harmful algal blooms causes huge economic and environmental damages. Phosphorus (P) has been identified as a major limiting nutrient for eutrophication. Phosphorous concentration greater than 100 µg P/L is usually considered high enough for causing eutrophication. The strictest regulations however aim to restrict the concentration below 10 µg P/L. Orthophosphate (or phosphate) is the bioavailable form of phosphorus. Adsorption is often suggested as technology to reduce phosphate to concentrations less than 100 and even 10 µg P/L with the advantages of a low-footprint, minimal waste generation and the option to recover the phosphate.In this thesis, the optimum properties of a phosphate adsorbent are identified and studied. Limitations of porous adsorbents having high surface areas are discussed and the optimum pore size distribution for phosphate adsorbents is determined. The role and mechanism of biogenic iron oxides in phosphate removal is discussed. Optimum methods for regenerating the adsorbent and improving the adsorbent reusability is studied. An economic assessment for phosphate adsorption is done, highlighting the main cost factors and identifying the research gaps needed to better understand these factors. A scenario analysis comparing the economics of low-cost one-time use adsorbents vs more expensive reusable adsorbents is made. A cost comparison of different technologies and the conditions where adsorption is favorable is highlighted. Suggestions for future studies are made based on the current findings. BT/Environmental Biotechnolog
Effect of some process variables on mass transfer kinetics during osmotic dehydration of bamboo slices
No full textStudy was conducted to find out the optimum osmotic concentration, temperature, slice thickness and Fruit to Syrup (F:S) ratio for better osmo-dehydration of bamboo slices. Response Surface Methodology (RSM was used with four factors on five levels. The slices of various thickness (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mm) were dipped into various sucrose concentration viz., 20oB, 30oB, 40oB, 50oB and 60oB with the temperature viz., 30oC, 40oC, 50oC, 60oC and 70oC for six hours in various Fruit to Syrup ratio viz.,. 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5. Water loss (WL) and Solid gain (SG) increased linearly with the increase in sucrose concentrations and temperatures of the solution during osmosis. Slice thickness and F:S ratio recorded comparatively less effect on mass transfer of slices where as high concentration and temperature resulted peak gain in solids with corresponding reduction in weight reduction (WR). The regression analysis and ANOVA showed that the process variables have significant effect on osmosis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Optimization of some process variables in mass transfer kinetics of osmotic dehydration of pineapple slices
No full textVariations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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