1,720,981 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Etude des réponses T CD4+ et CD8+ induites chez l’homme par différentes stratégies vaccinales anti-VIH-1 utilisant des lipopeptides
No full textSince the 90’s, the ANRS (France Recherche Nord&Sud Sida-HIV hépatites) has been committed to an original program combining basic science and clinical research developing an epitope-based vaccine strategy to induce a multiepitopic cellular response against HIV-1 using lipopeptide vaccines. These lipid-conjugated peptides can induce cellular responses without adjuvant, because the palmitic acid compound of the lipid tail, which can also promote cross-presentation of CD8+ T-cell epitopes by dendritic cells, activates TLR2. LIPO-5 vaccine candidate, composed of HIV-1 Gag 17-35, Gag 253-284, Nef 66–97, Nef 116–145, and Pol 325–355 peptidic sequences containing different CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes from HIV-1 clade B linked to a monopalmitic acid via a lysine in C-terminus, is used in humans for nearly 20 years in different Phase I and II clinical trials.During this work, we focused on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses induced by lipopeptide vaccines developed by the ANRS, in particular LIPO-5 vaccine candidate used in ANRS VAC 18 and VRI 01 prophylactic vaccine trials and ANRS LIGHT and DALIA therapeutic ones. We identified and characterized post-vaccination CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in DALIA trial and compared them to the responses observed in other therapeutic and prophylactic vaccine trials involving the use of lipopeptides either alone or in combination with other vaccine candidates (ALVAC, MVA, DNA).We showed that immunodominance was not affected between healthy individuals or HIV-1-infected patients. Moreover, we showed that priming with LIPO-5 was very usefull to focus T-cell responses to the HIV-1-conserved regions included in this vaccine candidate. In addition, we demonstrated that LIPO-5-loaded DC was the most immunogenic vaccine candidate, confirming the benefits of this vaccine candidate for ex vivo DC targeting. Last but not least, we also observed that lipopeptide vaccination induced IL-13 secretion by HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cells and that these IL-13 responses were associated with a lower viral rebound during the treatment interruption phase of the DALIA trial.These results are important in the search for effective prophylactic and therapeutic HIV-1 vaccines.Depuis les années 1990, l’ANRS (France Recherche Nord&Sud Sida-HIV hépatites) a mis en place une stratégie de vaccination anti-VIH-1 originale fondée sur l’utilisation de peptides contenant des épitopes T couplés à une molécule lipidique et capables d’induire des réponses poly-épitopiques. Ces lipopeptides ont la particularité d’induire des réponses cellulaires sans nécessiter d’adjuvant via l’activation du TLR2 par l’acide palmitique composant la queue lipidique de ces lipopeptides qui permet également la cross-présentation d’épitopes T CD8+ par les cellules dendritiques. Le candidat vaccin LIPO-5, constitué de 5 longs peptides (Gag 17-35, Gag 253-284, Nef 66-97, Nef 116-145, et Pol 325-355) comportant différents épitopes T CD8+ et CD4+ du VIH-1 de sous-type B couplés en position C-terminale à un acide monopalmitique via une lysine, est utilisé chez l’homme depuis bientôt 20 ans dans différents essais cliniques de phase I et II.Lors de cette thèse, nous nous sommes focalisés sur l’étude des réponses T CD4+ et CD8+ induites par les vaccins lipopeptidiques développés par l’ANRS et plus particulièrement sur le candidat vaccin LIPO-5, utilisé notamment dans les essais prophylactiques ANRS VAC 18 et VRI 01, et les essais thérapeutiques ANRS LIGHT et DALIA. Nous avons identifié et caractérisé les réponses T CD8+ et CD4+ post-vaccinales lors de l’essai DALIA et comparé ces réponses avec celles observées dans différents essais de vaccination thérapeutique et prophylactique menés par l’ANRS, utilisant des lipopeptides associés ou non à d’autres candidats vaccin (ALVAC, MVA et ADN).Nous avons ainsi pu montrer que l’immunodominance de ces réponses n’était pas modifiée entre volontaires sains et patients infectés par le VIH-1. De plus nous avons montré que l’utilisation du candidat vaccin LIPO-5 en « prime » était particulièrement intéressante pour focaliser les réponses vaccinales sur les régions conservées du VIH-1 intégrées dans ce vaccin, et que le LIPO-5 chargé sur des cellules dendritiques induisait une meilleure immunogénicité, confirmant l’intérêt de ce vaccin pour la stratégie de « DC targeting » ex vivo. Enfin, nous avons également montré que la vaccination lipopeptidique permettait l’induction spécifique d’IL-13 par les LT CD4+ et que cette réponse était associée à un faible rebond viral lors de la phase d’interruption de traitement de l’essai ANRS DALIA.Ces résultats sont importants dans la quête de vaccins prophylactiques et thérapeutiques efficaces contre le VIH-1
Study of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses induced in humans by different anti-HIV-1 vaccination strategies using lipopeptides
No full textDepuis les années 1990, l’ANRS (France Recherche Nord&Sud Sida-HIV hépatites) a mis en place une stratégie de vaccination anti-VIH-1 originale fondée sur l’utilisation de peptides contenant des épitopes T couplés à une molécule lipidique et capables d’induire des réponses poly-épitopiques. Ces lipopeptides ont la particularité d’induire des réponses cellulaires sans nécessiter d’adjuvant via l’activation du TLR2 par l’acide palmitique composant la queue lipidique de ces lipopeptides qui permet également la cross-présentation d’épitopes T CD8+ par les cellules dendritiques. Le candidat vaccin LIPO-5, constitué de 5 longs peptides (Gag 17-35, Gag 253-284, Nef 66-97, Nef 116-145, et Pol 325-355) comportant différents épitopes T CD8+ et CD4+ du VIH-1 de sous-type B couplés en position C-terminale à un acide monopalmitique via une lysine, est utilisé chez l’homme depuis bientôt 20 ans dans différents essais cliniques de phase I et II.Lors de cette thèse, nous nous sommes focalisés sur l’étude des réponses T CD4+ et CD8+ induites par les vaccins lipopeptidiques développés par l’ANRS et plus particulièrement sur le candidat vaccin LIPO-5, utilisé notamment dans les essais prophylactiques ANRS VAC 18 et VRI 01, et les essais thérapeutiques ANRS LIGHT et DALIA. Nous avons identifié et caractérisé les réponses T CD8+ et CD4+ post-vaccinales lors de l’essai DALIA et comparé ces réponses avec celles observées dans différents essais de vaccination thérapeutique et prophylactique menés par l’ANRS, utilisant des lipopeptides associés ou non à d’autres candidats vaccin (ALVAC, MVA et ADN).Nous avons ainsi pu montrer que l’immunodominance de ces réponses n’était pas modifiée entre volontaires sains et patients infectés par le VIH-1. De plus nous avons montré que l’utilisation du candidat vaccin LIPO-5 en « prime » était particulièrement intéressante pour focaliser les réponses vaccinales sur les régions conservées du VIH-1 intégrées dans ce vaccin, et que le LIPO-5 chargé sur des cellules dendritiques induisait une meilleure immunogénicité, confirmant l’intérêt de ce vaccin pour la stratégie de « DC targeting » ex vivo. Enfin, nous avons également montré que la vaccination lipopeptidique permettait l’induction spécifique d’IL-13 par les LT CD4+ et que cette réponse était associée à un faible rebond viral lors de la phase d’interruption de traitement de l’essai ANRS DALIA.Ces résultats sont importants dans la quête de vaccins prophylactiques et thérapeutiques efficaces contre le VIH-1.Since the 90’s, the ANRS (France Recherche Nord&Sud Sida-HIV hépatites) has been committed to an original program combining basic science and clinical research developing an epitope-based vaccine strategy to induce a multiepitopic cellular response against HIV-1 using lipopeptide vaccines. These lipid-conjugated peptides can induce cellular responses without adjuvant, because the palmitic acid compound of the lipid tail, which can also promote cross-presentation of CD8+ T-cell epitopes by dendritic cells, activates TLR2. LIPO-5 vaccine candidate, composed of HIV-1 Gag 17-35, Gag 253-284, Nef 66–97, Nef 116–145, and Pol 325–355 peptidic sequences containing different CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes from HIV-1 clade B linked to a monopalmitic acid via a lysine in C-terminus, is used in humans for nearly 20 years in different Phase I and II clinical trials.During this work, we focused on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses induced by lipopeptide vaccines developed by the ANRS, in particular LIPO-5 vaccine candidate used in ANRS VAC 18 and VRI 01 prophylactic vaccine trials and ANRS LIGHT and DALIA therapeutic ones. We identified and characterized post-vaccination CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in DALIA trial and compared them to the responses observed in other therapeutic and prophylactic vaccine trials involving the use of lipopeptides either alone or in combination with other vaccine candidates (ALVAC, MVA, DNA).We showed that immunodominance was not affected between healthy individuals or HIV-1-infected patients. Moreover, we showed that priming with LIPO-5 was very usefull to focus T-cell responses to the HIV-1-conserved regions included in this vaccine candidate. In addition, we demonstrated that LIPO-5-loaded DC was the most immunogenic vaccine candidate, confirming the benefits of this vaccine candidate for ex vivo DC targeting. Last but not least, we also observed that lipopeptide vaccination induced IL-13 secretion by HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cells and that these IL-13 responses were associated with a lower viral rebound during the treatment interruption phase of the DALIA trial.These results are important in the search for effective prophylactic and therapeutic HIV-1 vaccines
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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