101,008 research outputs found
Judith Butler’s militant nonviolence
No full textOn the basis of Levinassian interpretation of the biblical commandment “You shall not kill”, Butler outlines a possible Jewish ethic of nonviolence (Precarious Life), by taking vulnerability as a condition of responsibility, whose ethical mandate is not to preserve the self, but to protect the other. Judith Butler, in dialogue with several women thinkers, tries to find a nonviolent solution to violence.
Although it is not possible to give an unambiguous definition of violence, the fact remains that it is a way in which a human vulnerability to other humans is exposed in its most terrifying way. Human beings as embodied subjects are exposed to violence, which is exercised both physically, by injuring, consuming, annihilating the body, and through the performative power of norms, which serve to be recognised (as citizens first and foremost), but are also the main cause of disavowal (Hannah Arendt’s Death Sentences and J. Butler - G.C. Spivak, Who sings the Nation-State?). However, this same vulnerability can be mobilised, in her view, in order to derail or defuse violence (J. Butler - A. Athanasiou, Dispossesion). Butler, believing that no position against violence can afford to be naive, challenges some major presuppositions of nonviolence. First, she refutes the characterization of nonviolence as a weak and useless passivity (The force of nonviolence). Nonviolence, as Mahatma Gandhi suggested, is a soul force, which takes an embodied form. Butler points out that it is a force that emerges from a putative weakness, hinting at that Pauline teaching (2 Cor 12:9-10), of which Benjamin and Derrida are heirs in different ways. Second, nonviolence is not a principle, but a practice, fully fallible (Frames of war); it is a practice of resistance, both vigilant and hopeful. A nonviolent practice may well include a prohibition against killing, but it is not reducible to that prohibition. Nevertheless, nonviolence is an ideal that cannot always be fully honoured in the practice. Third, nonviolence has now to be understood less as a moral principle adopted by individuals in relation to a field of possible action than as a social and political practice undertaken in concert (J. Butler - D. Di Cesare, In lotta per la nonviolenza). And last, nonviolence does not necessarily emerge from a pacific or calm part of the soul. Very often it is an expression of rage, indignation, and aggression.
Butler wonders how to cultivate aggression for nonviolent purposes? (J. Butler - A. Cavarero, Condizione umana contro ‘natura’); to answer this question, she rereads the correspondence between Freud and Einstein in 1931-32 (Why war?). Following Einstein’s militant pacifism, Butler introduces the notion of “aggressive nonviolence”. In her opinion, as peace is resistance to the terrible satisfactions of war, so nonviolence is a struggle against violence (Reply to Catherine Mills e Fiona Jenkins), whose condition of possibility is being mired in violence. Butler also learns from Freud that a critical resistance to violence introduces a vigorous “unrealism” or another reality, fostering the emergence of modes of solidarity that seek to dismantle violent regimes
CAJA 21 - LEGAJO IV - SIGNATURA 1
No full textMemorial de Jerónimo y Theresa Llansola, hermanos y herederos de D. Pascual Vicente Llansola, secretario que fue de la Sociedad, intercediendo para que se nieguen sus honorarios a D. Agustín Surace, antiguo escribiente de su hermano.Lansola, J.; Lansola, PV.; Lansola, T.; Surace, A. (1791). Memorial de Jerónimo y Theresa Llansola, hermanos y herederos de D. Pascual Vicente Llansola, secretario que fue de la Sociedad, intercediendo para que se nieguen sus honorarios a D. Agustín Surace, antiguo escribiente de su hermano. Real Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País de Valencia. https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/18878Importación Masiv
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
The Use of an Electronic System for Soft Tissue Balancing in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasties: Clinical and Radiological Evaluation
No full textThe eLibra® Dynamic Knee Balancing System (Synvasive Technology, Zimmer, Warsaw, IN) is an instrument designed to address the flexion stability during a TKA. It provides an objective measurement of the soft-tissue forces in the two compartments before the final cuts are made, allowing to obtain patient-specific rotational orientation of the femoral component. Between March 2010 and March 2012, the eLibra® system was used during the implantation of 75 TKAs in 75 patients at the author's institution. Preoperative and postoperative clinical assessment were evaluated using the Knee Society Score (KSS) and the Visual Analogical Scale (VAS). Radiographic evaluation was performed with weight-bearing radiographs in antero-posterior and lateral views in order to study the presence of radiolucencies. In a sample of 20 patients, representative of the population studied, the rotation of the femoral component was measured by two independent observers using the C-arm Cone Beam CT scan (XperCT/Allura FD20 angiography system; Philips, Best, Netherlands). At a mean follow-up of 42.3 months (29-54 months), three patients died from causes not related to the surgery. We had one case of aseptic loosening three years after surgery. None of the patients reported complications peri- or postoperatively. Clinical evaluation showed an improvement in KSS scoring, from preoperative means of 48.35 and 47.53 points for clinical and functional aspects, respectively, to postoperative means of 88.03 and 91.2 points, respectively (p<0.001 for both aspects). The current study demonstrates that the use of the eLibra® device is simple and reproducible. It could help surgeons objectively quantify ligament balance and perform soft tissue-guided resection in a reproducible way, resulting in better post-operative stability and reduced complications. The use of the postoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), in a representative sample of patients, revealed a specific and optimal orientation of the femoral component with a mean of 2.18° of external rotatio
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Long-term results of non-reconstructed ACL injuries. A clinical and radiographic evaluation
No full textAim of this study is to evaluate if the conservative treatment of an injured ACL could influence at more than ten years from injury, the status of the affected knee and the activity level of the individual. 17 patients were evaluated, 15 males (88.2%) and 2 females (11.8%), at a mean follow-up of 12.6 years (range, 10 to 26 years). Mean patient’s age was 37.1 years (range, 30 to 48 years). The ACL injury was diagnosed arthroscopically and a medial meniscectomy was performed in eleven patients (64.7%). Patient’s clinical evaluation was based on IKDC, Lysholm and Tegner scales. Stability tests were performed with a KT-2000 arthrometer. Bilateral standing AP and LL x-rays were obtained to evaluate the presence of arthritis, according to Sasaki and Fairbank classifications. Data were analyzed by means of independent and paired samples t-tests . The good clinical conditions observed (mean IKDC score 2.3 points; range, 1 to 3 points - mean Lysholm score 95.6 points; range, 78 to 100 points - mean Tegner score 6.3 points; range, 3 to 7 points) and the subjective satisfaction of the patients are in contrast with the poor x-rays conditions. All injured knees reported the radiographic evidence of arthritis (mean Sasaki value 2.3°; range 1° to 3° - mean Fairbank value 2.1°, range 1° to 3°) opposed to the significantly less arthritic counter-lateral knees (mean difference for both Sasaki and Fairbank scales 0.8°, p=0.049 and p=0.47 respectively), in asymptomatic patients whose quality of life was not compromised by the ACL injury
Pelevin’s Trinity in the novel “t”: author – protagonist – reader
No full textThe article attempts to interpret Pelevin's artistic strategy in the novel "T" by exploring its subject organization and addressing the key problems of the author, the protagonist, and the reader as they are seen by the researcher. The article analyzes the peculiarities of constructing the narrative reality in the novel "T", and goes on to discuss Pelevin's philosophic models of the development of the humankind, and the emergence of his new anthropology
Strategies for Assessing the Structural Performance of Electric Road Infrastructures
No full textWireless charging is an attractive technology that is expected to promote customer acceptance of electric vehicles in urban environment because it can improve convenience and sustainability. The dynamic properties and the long-term structural behaviour of these particular infrastructures call for in depth investigations, in order to define specific requirements for the installation of the system, as well as for its maintenance, lifecycle analysis and monitoring. Currently, several technologies exist that integrate dynamic inductive charging systems within the infrastructure, ranging from rails with box-section to buried solutions. A wide-range discussion will be provided on how to assess the structural performance of electric roads (e-roads), including numerical strategies for the estimation of their lifetime. Results of simulations will be presented to compare e-roads with traditional ones (t-roads). Finally, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) strategies for e-roads will be outlined. Indeed, a SHM strategy integrated with lifecycle management is essential to calibrate structural assessment and prediction, to optimise the maintenance of infrastructure and, possibly, to operate infrastructure systems beyond their original design life
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