1,721,004 research outputs found
Penentuan Konsentrasi Ca(OH)2 dan Suhu untuk Proses Pengapuran (Liming) Kulit Ikan Tuna
No full textLiming is one of the most important processes in beamhouse and has many functions relating to the nature and quality of leather. Concentration of calcium hydroxide and temperature are thought to be a factor affecting the liming process and the quality of leather produced. The objectives of this study were to determine the characteristics of tuna skin, to determine the effect of the concentration of calcium hydroxide and temperature on the liming, and to determine the best treatment of the concentration of calcium hydroxide and temperature on the quality of limed pelt. There were four responses observed, i.e. the protein content, fat content, swelling, and pH. Based on this research, tuna skin had higher level of protein that was high enough to be processed into leather. Treatment of calcium hydroxide concentration did not significantly effect to all responses. Level of 5% calcium hydroxide concentration was the best treatment, as it gave three responses that achieve the best conditions. Temperature treatment showed a significant effect on the responses of fat content and swelling. Specified temperature as the best level was 30 °C, because there were two responses that achieve the best conditions at that level
Proses Degumming dengan Enzim Selulase dan Xilanase pada Pembuatan Serat Bambu
No full textDegumming process of bamboo fiber using cellulase and xylanase has been conducted. The objectives of this study was to determine the most suitable type of bamboo used in the enzymatic process. The species of bamboo used were bambu kuning, bambu tali, and bambu hitam. The study was conducted by examining the cellulose content, hemicellulose content, lignin content, fiber hydrolysis, and analysis of results. Fiber hydrolysis using optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme that were known by the enzyme activity assay, the cellulase enzyme concentration of 25 U/g and xylanase enzyme concentration of 50 U/g to 500 U/g. Obtained from the testing that bambu kuning has cellulose and hemicellulose contents which most susceptible to hydrolysis with 393.6 ppm glucose formed and 6.40 % alteration of cellulose and 298 ppm xylose formed with 12.71 % alteration of hemicellulose. The best enzyme concentration to hydrolyze bambu kuning was 400 U/g which could hydrolyze hemicellulose content by 54.31 % in 24 hours
Peningkatan Produktivitas Proses Penyamakan Kulit dengan Pendekatan Produktivitas Hijau
No full textRendahnya nilai produktivitas dan kurangnya memperhatikan lingkungan
dalam proses penyamakan kulit merupakan masalah utama dalam pengembangan
industri penyamakan kulit. Sebagai upaya untuk mengatasi hal tersebut diperlukan
peningkatan produktivitas proses penyamakan kulit dengan pendekatan
produktivitas hijau. Green Productivity Index (GPI) merupakan perbandingan
indikator ekonomi dan dampak lingkungan yang dihasilkan. Indikator ekonomi
diperoleh dari rasio antara pendapatan dan biaya produksi, sedangkan dampak
lingkungan merupakan akumulasi nilai indikator lingkungan. Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk mengkaji upaya peningkatan produktivitas proses penyamakan
kulit melalui perhitungan indeks produktivitas hijau dan analisis alternatif
perbaikan. Penelitian dilakukan melalui dua tahap, tahap pertama perhitungan
produktivitas melalui analisis proses produksi dilakukan dengan identifikasi green
waste pada setiap aliran proses kemudian memetakannya pada Green Value
Stream Mapping (GVSM). Tahap kedua peningkatan produktivitas melalui
analisis alternatif peningkatan produktivitas hijau melalui perhitungan GPI pada
future state. GPI pada kondisi awal sebesar 0,376. Alternatif perbaikan yang
diberikan untuk peningkatan produktivitas proses penyamakan kulit, yaitu
penjualan limbah shaving memiliki GPI 0,380. Alternatif penggunaan kembali air
limbah presoaking memiliki GPI 0,403 dan pemulihan krom pada limbah tanning
memiliki GPI 0,384. Apabila alternatif tersebut kombinasikan akan menghasilkan
GPI sebesar 0,415. Kombinasi ketiga alternatif menghasilkan nilai GPI tertinggi
dibandingkan alternatif perbaikan lainnya sehingga dijadikan rekomendasi
perbaikan proses
Pengaruh waktu oksidasi terhadap mutu kulit Samoa pada proses penyamakan minyak yang dipercepat dengan Hidrogen Peroksida
No full textLeather tanning is a process of modifying the structure of collagen fibres, so as to transform animal skin that decay easily, into leather which is durable and stable to the environmental influences. One of the leather products is oil tanned leather, known as chamois leather. It has unique uses for cleaning, drying, and filtration. It can be produced by using rubber seed oil and oxidizing agent of hydrogen peroxide. The best condition for the tanning needs to be applied in order to improve process efficiency and to obtain good quality leather. In this research, optimizations of oxidation times inside and outside the rotary drum in chamois tanning were investigated. The objectives of the research were to determine the best condition of oxidation time inside and outside the rotary drum for tanning process. The experiment was conducted by tanning of goat pickle pelts for 4, 6, and 8 hours of oxidation times inside the rotary drum and 1, 2, and 3 days of oxidation times outside the rotary drum. The chemical, physical, and organoleptic properties of the leather were measured. This study shows that the chemical, physical, and organoleptic properties met the quality requirements for the chamois leather. The best conditions for the tanning were an oxidation time of 8 hours inside the rotary drum and 1 day outside the rotary drum. The chemical properties of the leathers were oil content of 2.75%, ash content of 1.92%, and pH of 6.88. Their physical properties were thickness of 0.6 mm, shrinkage temperature of 71.63oC, water absorption of 291.36% (2 hours) and 323.89% (24 hours), tear strength of 59.45 N/mm, tensile strength of 26.18 N/mm2, and elongation at break of 163.33%. The organoleptic properties of the leathers, i.e. softness, colour, and odour were considered good
Studi pemanfaatan gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) dalam pembuatan cat alami
Full text linkThe main component of paints are binder, pigment, solvent and additive. Binder can be made from natural materials and also synthetic or polymeric materials. This study was conducted to observe the effect of weight ratio of casein to calcium oxide and concentration of gambier solution in the preparation of natural paint. The binder used in the manufacture of natural paints was casein mixed with calcium oxide (alkali). When casein was reacted with an alkali then casein will become more soluble in water and has adhesive properties. Use of gambier as dyes in the manufacture of natural paints was expected to increase the added value of gambier. Catechin and tannin as the substances contained in gambier will easily dissolve in water and can give brownish red colour
Pengembangan proses degradasi karet alam menggunakan lindi hitam sebagai bahan tambahan aspal termodifikasi
Full text linkOne way to improve the usability of natural rubber is by modifying natural rubber, for example by giving a chemical degradation treatment. Degradation of chemical compounds taken with the aid of a polymer chain breakers, in this study used black liquor. Degradation of natural rubber aims to adjust the physical properties of natural rubber in the mechanism of mixing with asphalt to produce a modified asphalt that is expected to improve and enhance the properties of asphalt in its application in road pavement. Chemical degradation pursued through three stages. The first stage is the formation process of latex into solid rubber in the form of crepes. The second stage is the process of rubber degradation using black leachate by using two variations of the treatment, immersion time of rubber in black leachate and drying time. While the third stage is mixing of degraded rubber with asphalt. The variation of immersion time and drying time significantly affected the amount of black liquor absorbed by the rubber, plasticity (Po), and softening point of modified asphalt. The best treatment in this study were treated R7K2 (rubber immersed for 7 hours and dried in the normal time plus 2 hours)
Peningkatan Mutu Biodiesel dari Minyak Biji Karet Melalui Pencampuran dengan Biodiesel dari Minyak Jarak Pagar
No full textThis research aimed to utilize rubber seeds oil and Jatropha curcas oil as raw material for biodiesel, to increase cetane number from rubber seed biodiesel, and to decrease viscosity from Jatropha curcas biodiesel. The proximate analysis of raw materials result showed that rubber seeds and Jatropha curcas seeds contained 37.96% and 41.66% of oil, respectively. Both types of seeds oil were separated using hydraulic hot press machine and the separation of rubber seeds gave 12.35% of yield and 13.12 % of free fatty acid, while the separation of Jatropha curcas seeds gave 18.34% of yield and 2.10% of free fatty acid. Esterification-transesterification process for biodiesel production was applied for rubber seeds oil and transesterification process to produce biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil. Rubber seeds oil was esterified by using methanol and sulfuric acid 5% as catalyst for 1 hour and 300-500 rpm. Subsequently, rubber seeds methyl ester and Jatropha curcas oil were transesterified by using methanol and 1% sodium hydroxide as catalyst for 1 hour and 300-500 rpm. The result shows that cetane number from rubber seeds biodiesel and Jatropha curcas biodiesel sequentially were 46.35 and 53.7 and the viscosity was respectively 4.86 cSt and 6.16 cSt. Blending 20% rubber seed oil with 80% of Jatropha curcas oil and 20% rubber seed biodiesel with 80% of Jatropha curcas biodiesel increased cetane number of rubber seed biodiesel to 52 and 51.8, respectively, and decreased the viscosity of Jatropha curcas biodiesel to 5.92 cSt and 5.75 cSt, respectively.Biodiesel merupakan salah satu sumber bahan bakar alternatif pengganti bahan bakar fosil. Keuntungan menggunakan biodiesel antara lain: ketersediaan bahan baku bersifat kontinyu, ramah lingkungan, kandungan sulfur rendah, dan dapat menurunkan emisi gas buang. Sumber bahan baku biodiesel yang potensial di Indonesia yang tidak dikonsumsi manusia sebagai bahan pangan yaitu biji karet (Hevea brasiliensis) dan biji jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas). Biji karet memiliki keunggulan antara lain : lahan yang tersedia cukup banyak, harga bahan baku masih relatif rendah dan belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal, viskositas biodiesel lebih rendah dari biodiesel jarak pagar. Bilangan setana biodiesel biji karet masih dibawah SNI ataupun ASTM. Jarak pagar sebagai bahan baku biodiesel memiliki keunggulan dalam hal daya adaptasi tanaman tinggi, produksi minyak cukup tinggi, dan memiliki bilangan setana yang tinggi. Viskositas biodiesel jarak pagar cukup tinggi
Green Productivity as an Approach to Address the Environmental Problem of Leather Tanning SMEs in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
No full textThe leather tanning industry is a most promising industry in Yogyakarta. However, the industry faces environmental problems due to poor environmental management practices. This study develops strategies to address the environmental issues of the impact of leather tanning SMEs in Yogyakarta. It identifies opportunities for improvement based on Green Productivity (GP) approach, and obstacles to formulating strategies for enhancing environmental performance. This study uses a Case Study approach using field observations and interviews with a number of leather tanning SMEs and industry experts. The results show that the SMEs in this sector adopt only a limited level of environmental practices. A set of GP options is proposed based on the observational evidence and expert judgements. Using an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a priority selected is to optimize the production processes of leather tanning SMEs. This study found that internal obstacles to green adoption included insufficient resources and infrastructure, low-skilled human resources, poor financial capability, lack of awareness, and poor organizational strategies. The external obstacles are significant and include inadequate law enforcement and government support, a small and limited market segment, and the lack of available green chemicals. These contribute toward poor environmental practices. To deal with these problems, this research proposes eight strategies for tackling the obstacles that prevent the implementation of leather tanning green practices. The strategies are divided into internal and collaborative. The internal strategies include encouraging enhanced product development processes and promote proactive and innovative strategies. Regarding their limitations, SMEs need stakeholder assistance to help solve their issues. A collaborative approach is crucial. Developing low-cost green technologies through R&D activities, developing best practice guidance and promoting its implementation, providing adequate facilities and machinery, identifying suitable suppliers to supply green chemicals, intensifying knowledge transfer of good environmental management, and establish a punishment and reward system are proposed for addressing the issues
Strategi Penyediaan Bahan Baku Industri Jok Serat Sabut Kelapa
No full textSerat sabut kelapa adalah limbah yang belum dimanfaatkan secara efisien. Pemanfaatan serat sabut kelapa di Indonesia biasanya masih digunakan sebagai alat pembersih, dan arang. Serat sabut kelapa dari Indonesia umumnya masih dijual di pasar ekspor dalam bentuk mentah. Serat sabut kelapa memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi produk-produk yang bernilai, contohnya adalah jok mobil. Permintaan akan jok dari serat sabut kelapa tinggi karena jok ini memiliki mutu dan karakteristik yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan busa. Industri jok serat sabut kelapa dapat dikembangkan dan berpeluang untuk menutupi permintaan yang ada di pasar dalam dan luar negeri. Ketersediaan serat sabut kelapa yang berkesinambungan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan jok sangat penting dan vital. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan strategi penyediaan bahan baku serat sabut kelapa untuk industri jok agar produksi dapat berkelanjutan dan optimal. Strategi penyediaan bahan baku industri jok serat sabut kelapa diformulasikan dengan penentuan kriteria dan sub kriteria penyediaan bahan baku dihitung dengan metode Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP). Industri jok serat sabut kelapa layak untuk dijalankan dengan nilai NPV bernilai positif, dan IRR sebesar 34%. Dengan menerapkan metode FAHP diperoleh bobot tertinggi untuk alternatif strategi penyediaan bahan baku yaitu alternatif C5 (Memberikan bantuan modal untuk pembelian mesin kepada petani atau industri pengurai serat sabut kelapa) dengan nilai 0.3104
Kajian Awal Model Bisnis Kulit Samoa (Chamois Leather)
No full textKulit samoa (chamois leather) merupakan kulit ternak kecil yang disamak dengan minyak dan diamplas bagian daging dan rajahnya. Kulit ini memiliki fungsi spesifik sebagai filter minyak bermutu tinggi, alat pembersih optik, pembersih jendela, badan mobil, kacamata dan penggunaan lainnya. Model bisnis adalah gambaran bagaimana sebuah organisasi menciptakan, memberikan, dan menangkap nilai-nilai, seperti ekonomi, sosial dan lainnya nilai-nilai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendesain model bisnis yang tepat untuk produk industri kulit samoa sehingga produk ini dapat dikembangkan, dikenal, dan memiliki nilai pasar. Metode penelitian ini adalah memetakan model bisnis awal, membandingkannya dengan industri sejenis, membuat alternatif dengan menggunakan pertanyaan, dan memilih model bisnis yang akan digunakan. Alternatif model yang dipilih adalah model bisnis yang menggabungkan penjualan produknya ke konsumen akhir dan industri kulit lainnya
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