66 research outputs found
Patogenisitas isolat bakteri entomopatogenik Bacillus thuringiensis diisolasi dari Spodoptera litura terhadap larva Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera:Plutellidae)
No full textPujiastuti Y, SHK Suparman, Sulistyani DP. 2021. Patogenicity of entomopathogenic Bacillus thuringiensis isolated from Spodoptera litura against Plutella xylostella larvae (Lepidoptera:Plutellidae). In: Herlinda S et al. (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal ke-9 Tahun 2021, Palembang 20 Oktober 2021. pp. 621-627. Palembang: Penerbit & Percetakan Universitas Sriwijaya (UNSRI). Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella is an important insect pest on plants belong to Brassicaceae family. Symptoms of attack is hollow leaves and leave dirt on them. If it is not controlled, the yield loss can reach 80%. Control by using biological agents entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis may be used to reduce the population of P. xylostella. The purpose of research was to study the pathogenicity of B. thuringiensis isolated from cadaver of Spodoptera litura against P. xylostella larvae in the laboratory. The treatments were two isolates of B. thuringiensis encoded SlBt01 and SLBt03. The experiment was designed with a completely randomized design (CRD) separated between isolates. The treatment consisted of 5 treatments (including control) spore density and 5 replications. Observations were mortality rate and time of death of the test larvae. Results showed the highest mortality was in isolate SlBT01 (61.73%) and in isolate SlBt03 (56.66%). The lowest LT50 values of isolates SlBt01 and SLBt03 were 9.78 days and 9.14 days, respectively. Symptoms of infection in Plutella larvae are changes in body color and eventually die with symptoms of wet rot
Efikasi Bakteri Entomopatogen Bacillus thuringiensis Barliner sebagai Agens Hayati Spodoptera litura Fabricus pada Lahan Pasang Surut dan Rawa Lebak
No full textArsi A, PujiastutiY, HerlindaS, SHK Suparman, Gunawan B. 2019. Efficacy of entomopathogenic bacteria bacillus thuringiensis barliner as biocontrol agent against spodoptera litura fabricus in tidal and swampy areas In: Herlinda S et al. (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal 2019, Palembang 4-5 September 2019. pp. 254-263. Palembang: Unsri Press. The entomopathogenic bacteria, B. thuringiensis is used as an insect control agent for Spodoptera litura pests in food plants and horticultural plants. This research was conducted to figure out the toxicity of entomopathogenic bacteria B. thuringiensis to S.litura inhabiting tidal and swampy areas. The entomopathogenic bacteria B. thuringiensis was derived from tidal and swampy areas. Isolation, and identification of the bacteria were conducted in the Laboratrory of Phytopathology and the Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plsnt Pest and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University Indralaya, under laboratory conditions under temperature of 26o C and relative humidity of 79.6%. the results showed that S. litura larvae treated topically with sopres of B. thuringiensis at spore density of 1 x 106sel/mL was varied. The highest larval mortality was foun in PUM isolaste amounted to 100% with LT50 amounted to 0.56 day, while the lowest mortality was found in PIM isolate amounted to 73.3% with LT50 reached 5.46 days.Keywords: lethal time 50, mortality, tested insec
Effects of Moritella viscosa antigens on pro-inflammatory gene expression in an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) cell line (SHK-1)
No full textMoritella viscosa is the causative agent of winter ulcer disease in salmonids reared in North-Atlantic countries. In this study the effects of selected M. viscosa antigens on cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory gene expression in an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) macrophage-like cell line (SHK-1) were examined. SHK-1 cells were stimulated with live and heat-killed bacterial cells, extracellular products (ECP) and an extracellular vibriolysin, termed MvP1. Following incubation, cytotoxicity and expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were examined at different time points. Both live M. viscosa cells and ECP were cytotoxic, but neither heat-killed cells, nor the MvP1 peptidase caused cell death. Expression levels of both IL-1β and IL-8 increased significantly after stimulation with live cells, but heat-killed cells only caused increased IL-8 expression. ECP did not affect IL-1β expression, but did stimulate IL-8 expression. The isolated MvP1 peptidase stimulated both IL-1β and IL-8 expression at the highest concentration tested. This study reveals a difference in the induction of pro-inflammatory gene expression in salmon SHK-1 cells between live and heat-killed M. viscosa cells, and also that an unknown secreted factor is the main stimulant of IL-β and IL-8 expression.ID: S1050464809000990; M3: Article; Accession Number: S1050464809000990; Author: Bryndis Bjornsdottir (a, b); Author: Mark D. Fast (b, 1); Author: Sandra A. Sperker (b); Author: Laura L. Brown (b, 2); Author: Bjarnheidur K. Gudmundsdottir (a, ∗); Affiliation: Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur v/Vesturlandsveg, 112 Reykjavík, Iceland; Affiliation: National Research Council Canada, Institute for Marine Biosciences, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 2Z1, Canada; Keyword: Moritella viscosa; Keyword: Extracellular products; Keyword: MvP1 vibriolysin; Keyword: Atlantic salmon; Keyword: SHK-1; Keyword: Gene expression; Keyword: Immune response; Keyword: Pro-inflammatory cytokine; Keyword: Interleukin-1β (IL-1β); Keyword: Interleukin-8 (IL-8); Number of Pages: 6; Language: English;Source type: Electronic(1
Teknik Budidaya Petani Tanaman Karet (Hevea brasiliensis) terhadap Hama dan Penyakit di Kecamatan Tanjung Batu, Kabupaten Ogan Ilir
No full textArsi A, SHK Suparman , Hamidson H, Gunawan B, Pujiastuti Y, Pratama R, Mauluddin M. 2022. Rubber plant (Hevea brasiliensis) cultivation techniques against pests and diseases in Tanjung Batu District, Ogan Ilir Regency. In: Herlinda S et al. (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal ke-10 Tahun 2022, Palembang 27 Oktober 2022. pp. 898-909. Palembang: Penerbit & Percetakan Universitas Sriwijaya (UNSRI).Rubber plant (Hevea brasiliensis) is a plantation crop with high economic value and one of the important agricultural commodities in the international environment and also in Indonesia. Geographical compatibility conditions and soil types that support the growth of rubber plants (Hevea brasiliensis), make farmers in Tanjung Batu District use their land to cultivate rubber plants. Plant-disturbing organisms (OPT) are one of the obstacles encountered in rubber cultivation activities which interfere with growth and affect the yield of rubber latex production. The use of pesticides is mostly done by farmers who think they can get fast and practical results. The purpose of this study aims to evaluate farmers in rubber cultivation techniques against pests and diseases in Tanjung Batu District. This research was conducted from May to July 2022. The method used to observe rubber plants was using a simple purposive sampling method. The results of research on rubber farmers have different planting methods. The observed rubber farmers have the status of profit-sharing land. To increase rubber resistance to pests and diseases, fertilization and sanitation are carried out. Pests and diseases found on farmer's land, namely, leaf fall disease and termite pests
Prostaglandin E(2) modulation of gene expression in an Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) macrophage-like cell line (SHK-1).
No full textFollowing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) macrophage-like SHK-1 cells, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of the antigen presenting molecules major histocompatability class I and II and the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta gene expression. Prostaglandin E(2) was found to be stimulatory towards cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression at higher concentrations (1 x 10(-6) and 1 x 10(-8)M) and inhibitory at lower concentrations (1 x 10(-10) and 1 x 10(-12)M) after 4h exposure. After 24h exposure, however, LPS-induced COX-2 expression decreased and was completely inhibited by all PGE(2) concentrations (1 x 10(-6)-1 x 10(-10)M). Incubation of SHK-1 cells with LPS alone had no effect on tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-like gene or transforming growth factor beta-like gene expression after 4h, however, LPS and PGE(2) showed a synergistic effect on TNFalpha-like gene expression after 24h. This study provides evidence for the existence of a PGE(2)-mediated negative feedback mechanism in the control of PGs through down-regulation of COX-2, as well as for inflammatory responses by the down-regulation of both COX-2 and IL-1 beta. The differential regulation of immune-related genes under these conditions further demonstrates the usefulness of the SHK-1 cell line for studying aspects of salmonid immunology
Pengaruh Kultur Teknis terhadap Serangan Penyakit pada Tanaman Oyong (Luffa Acutangula) di Desa Kuripan Kecamatan Empat Petulai Dangku
No full textArsi A, SHK Suparman, Hamidson H, Umayah A, Gunawan B, Pujiastuti Y, Pratama R, Pratiwi FA. 2022. The effect of technical culture on disease attacks on oyong (Luffa Acutangula) plants in Kuripan Village, Kecamatan Four Petulai Dangku. In: Herlinda S et al. (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal ke-10 Tahun 2022, Palembang 27 Oktober 2022. pp. 1011-1022. Palembang: Penerbit dan Percetakan Universitas Sriwijaya (UNSRI).The luffa plant/oyong is a fruit vegetable that is widely consumed by Indonesians in the form of fresh fruit The nutritional value of luffa is quite good because this fruit vegetable is a source of vitamins and minerals. Oyong plant is a climbing plant/vine. Oyong plants need a dry climate, with sufficient water availability throughout the season. Agricultural cultivation systems are never free from pests or diseases. In the field of farmers, there is not much knowledge about plant diseases or the causes of the disease itself. For this reason, this research practice aims to determine the effect of intercropping on disease attacks on Oyong (Luffa acutangula) plants. Field practice has been carried out in Kuripan Village, Empat Petulai Dangku District, Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra Province from May to June 2022. The observation method used in this field practice is the direct observation method in the field which is carried out by determining the land, the land being taken has different cropping patterns. Then determine the plants to be sampled using the diagonal method. The data collected were primary data in the form of direct observation of symptoms in the field and secondary data obtained from farmer interviews. From the observation, there were 2 types of diseases, namely brown spots and virus mosaic
Pengaruh Mulsa terhadap Serangan Hama pada Tanaman Terung (Solanum melongena L.) di Desa Timbangan Kecamatan Indralaya Utara Kabupaten Ogan Ilir
No full textArsi A, Gustiar F, Pratama R, SHK Suparman, Hamidson H, Umayah A, Gunawan B, Pujiastuti Y, Riansyah WH, Djulian D, Muhari M. 2022. The effect off mulch on pest attack on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in village Timbangan, Subdisctrict Indralaya North, Ogan Ilir City. In: Herlinda S et al. (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal ke-10 Tahun 2022, Palembang 27 Oktober 2022. pp. 1023-1032. Palembang: Penerbit dan Percetakan Universitas Sriwijaya (UNSRI).Eggplant is a type of vegetable that is favored by the community because besides having a good taste, it also contains lots of vitamins and nutrients. In eggplant cultivation, there are several obstacles that must be faced. This obstacle cannot be separated from the attack by plant pests. Plant damage caused by pests results in decreased production due to the growth and development phase of eggplant plants cannot grow and develop optimally. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of technical culture on the types of pests, population and intensity of pest attacks on purple eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in Timbangan Village, Indralaya Utara District, Ogan Ilir Regency. The method used includes determining the land, determining sample plots and sample plants, as well as observing population numbers and intensity of pest attacks. The research was conducted in two eggplant fields with different plant ages. The population number and intensity of pest attacks were analyzed using the t test at the 5% confidence level. The pests found in eggplant are Spodoptera litura, Cheilomenes sexmaculata, and Atractomorpha crenulata. Statistical analysis shows that there are significant differences in the two fields due to different cultivation techniques
Inventarisasi Penyakit Pada Jagung (Zea mays L.) di Desa Bakung Kecamatan Indralaya Utara Kabupaten Ogan Ilir Sumatera Selatan
No full textTricahyati, T., SHK., Suparman., Hamidson, H., Arsi, A., Agustin, V., Taqiyyuddin, M., Sari, Y.P., Silalahi, M. Y., Isnaini, H. A., Yahya, I. A. (2024). Inventory of diseases in corn (Zea mays L.) in Bakung Village, North Indralaya District, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra. In: Herlinda S et al. (Eds.),Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal ke-12 Tahun 2024, Palembang 21 Oktober 2024. (pp. 711–719). Palembang: Penerbit & Percetakan Universitas Sriwijaya (UNSRI).Indonesia is a country with abundant natural resources. Corn is the second main food crop after rice which is very useful for human and livestock life. This plant is also a type of grass plant with a monocotyledon seed type. However, the productivity and various benefits of corn can be disrupted by biotic and abiotic constraints. These biotic constraints are in the form of attacks by plant pests (OPT). This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of integrated OPT management used by corn farmers in Bakung Village, Indralaya District. This research method uses a purposive sampling method and farmer interviews through questionnaires. From the results of the study, three diseases were found in corn fields, namely leaf blight, leaf rust, and leaf spots. The disease samples found were then identified in the Phytopathology Laboratory of the Pest and Disease Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. Leaf blight disease is caused by the fungus Exserihilum turcicum, leaf rust disease is caused by Puccinia polysora Undrew, while leaf spot disease is caused by Helminthosporium sp. There are some farmers who implement PTT such as the application of planting distances that facilitate corn field sanitation, besides also inhibiting the transfer of pests and diseases to other corn plants. There are still many farmers who have not implemented Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and still use pesticides. Of the five farmers interviewed in Bakung Village, Indralaya District, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra, not a single farmer knew about IPM
Mechanism of cell death during infectious salmon anemia virus infection is cell type-specific
No full textInfectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) is a very important fish virus in the Northern hemisphere and there is continued interest in understanding the mechanisms of its pathogenesis and persistence in fish. In this study, the permissive fish cell lines SHK-1, CHSE-214 and TO were used to determine whether ISAV-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) is due to apoptosis or necrosis. Characteristic apoptotic DNA fragmentation was observed only in ISAV-infected SHK-1 and CHSE-214 cells. Apoptosis in ISAV-infected SHK-1 cells was confirmed by fragment end-labelling assay, suggesting that CPE in these cells is associated with apoptosis. ISAV-infected TO cells did not undergo apoptosis, but showed leakage of high-mobility group 1 (HMGB1) protein from the nucleus, which is characteristic of cells undergoing necrosis; this suggests that CPE in these cells is associated with necrosis. ISAV-infected SHK-1 cells did not show leakage of HMGB1 protein. Infection with two different strains of ISAV showed that induction of apoptosis was correlated with the appearance of CPE in SHK-1 cells. ISAV-induced apoptosis was inhibited by a pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-fmk, indicating a caspase-activation pathway. The ISAV putative PB2 protein and proteins encoded by RNA segment 7 bound caspase-8 specifically in vitro, suggesting that these viral proteins may have a role in ISAV-induced apoptosis. These findings demonstrate for the first time that the mechanism of cell death during ISAV infection is dependent on the cell type, which may have implications for ISAV pathogenesis and persistence.LR: 20061115; PUBM: Print; JID: 0077340; EC 3.4.22.- (Caspases); ppublishSource type: Electronic(1
Pengaruh Spesies Tumbuhan Araceae terhadap Efisiensi Penularan Banana Bunchy Top Virus oleh Pentalonia nigronervosa
No full textAraceous plants can serve as alternative host to banana aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa. Research has been conducted to study the effects of Araceous plant species on the efficiency of Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV) transmission by P. nigronervosa as the main vector of the virus. The research was an experiment conducted in Experimental Garden, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture Sriwijaya University from November 2021 to April 2022. The experiment was conducted using 7 species of Araceous plant and one genotype of banana. The results of the research showed that, when serving as alternataive host of P. nigronervosa, all Araceous plants had no effect on the efficiency of BBTV transmission by the aphid. Viruliverous P. nigronervosa    did not lose their virus particles in their body and still had ability to transmit the virus ehen they were transferred from Araceous plant to healthy banana.In cubation period ranged from 25-37,6 days after inoculation and the symptoms appeared mostly on  young leaves
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