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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
KARAKTERISTIK MIKROBA DAN KIMIA SOSIS AYAM DENGAN PENAMBAHAN KHITOSAN DAN ANGKAK YANG DISIMPAN PADA REFRIGERATOR
Full text linkZat pengawet dan pewarna alami yang ditambahkan pada produk olahan daging aman untuk dikonsumsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan khitosan dan angkak ke dalam sosis ayam sebagai zat antibakteri berdasarkan karakteristik mikrobiologi dan kimia sosis ayam sampai penyimpanan 21 hari pada refrigerator. Rasio penambahan angkak (w/w) dan khitosan (w/v) masing-masing 0; 0,5 ;1; 1,5; 2%. Khitosan dilarutkan dalam asam asetat 1%. Penyimpanan dilakukan sampai 21 hari pada refrigerator dengan pengamatan 0, 7, 14, dan 21 hari. Variabel yang diamati meliputi aktivitas antibakteri, karakteristik mikroba (Enterobactericeae, dan Salmonella) dan kimia (kadar air, protein, lemak, dan aktivitas antioksidan). Data aktivitas antibakteri dianalisis dengan Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD), Enterobacteriaceae dengan One-Way ANOVA, karakteristik kimia dan mikrobiologi dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi pola faktorial 4 × 5 dengan faktor lama penyimpanan dan kombinasi konsentrasikhitosan:angkak dan dilanjutkan dengan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Penambahan khitosan dan angkak sampai 2% dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri khitosan yaitu 1,92% dan 3,06 mm, tetapi menurunkan kadar air 2,54%. Lama penyimpanan sosis sampai 21 hari pada refrigerator meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan yaitu 6,25%. Penambahan khitosan:angkak dan lama penyimpanan sampai 21 hari tidak mengubah kadar protein dan lemak. Total Enterobacteriaceae terdeteksi pada hari ke-21 tetapi populasi masih sangat rendah (<30,0×101 CFU/g), Salmonella tidak menunjukkan adanya populasi sampai 21 hari. Berdasarkan hasil dapat disimpulkan bahwa lama penyimpanan sosis ayam yang ditambah khitosan dan angkak pada refrigerator sampai 21 hari masih layak untuk dikonsumsi.(Kata kunci: Sosis, Khitosan, Angkak, Refrigerator, Kimia, Mikrobiologi
Pengaruh Bungkil Inti dan Lumpur Sawit yang Difermentasi dengan Aspergillus sp asal Akar Bambu terhadap Kandungan Lemak Ayam Broiler
Full text link(The effect of palm kernel cake and palm oil sludge fermented with aspergillus sp derived from bamboo root on broiler’s fat content)
ABSTRACT. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of palm kernel cake and palm oil sludge fermented with Aspergillus sp derived from bamboo root on broiler’s fat content including liver fat, abdominal fat and meat fat. Study was conducted for 8 weeks in Experimental Farm, Animal Science Faculty Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto. Research utilized 196 male DOC strain Lohman, ration treatments, cage and other utilities. Seven allotted rations were R0 = control ration (without FPKC and FPOS), R1 = 7.5% FPKC, R2 = 15% FPKC, R3 = 22.5% FPKC, R4 = 7.5% FPOS, R5 = 15% FPOS, R6 = 22.5% FPOS. Each treatment unit used 7 (seven) DOCs with 4 (four) replicates. The obtained data were subject to analysis of variance followed by Orthogonal Contrasts. Result demonstrated that liver fat level was 1,79 – 3,86%, abdominal fat was 0,52 – 2,04%, and meat fat was 0,21 – 0,61%. Analysis of variance result showed that supplementing palm kernel cake and palm oil sludge fermented with Aspergillus sp derived from bamboo root highly significantly affected (P 0.01) abdominal fat level, significantly affected (P 0.05) liver fat level but did not significantly affected (P 0.05) broiler meat fat level
Penggunaan Minyak Ikan Lemuru dan Minyak Sawit dalam Pakan terhadap Kandungan Kolesterol Telur Itik Segar dan Asin
No full textArtikel dalam bentuk PD
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS PRODUCTION OF REX RABBITS FED WITH CORN OIL SUPPLEMENTATION
Full text linkThis study was aimed to observe the growth performance and carcass production of male Rex rabbits fed with corn oil supplementation. Twenty four head of rabbits with 1.362±260 g initial body weight were randomly divided into four groups e.g. R0 (control), R1 (supplemented with 2% of corn oil supplementation), R2 (supplemented with 4% of corn oil supplementation), and R3 (supplemented with 6% of corn oil supplementation). Feed and water were offered ad libitum. The animals were raised for 56 days prior to slaughtering. The collected data was analyzed using one way analysis of variance and followed with least significant different analysis. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) intake of R3 was lower (P<0.05) than R0, R1, and R2. There were no significant differences among groups in average daily gain, feed convertion ratio, carcass percentage and meat bone ratio. It is concluded that supplementation of corn oil in the diet had no effect on growth performance and carcass production of Rex rabbits
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Limbah Teh Hitam sebagai Sumber Antioksidan dal Level Energi-Protein Pakan yang Berbeda terhadap Stabilitas Oksidatif dan Kualitas Daging Ayam Broiler
Full text linkPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak limbah teh hitam (ELT) sebagai sumber antioksidan, dan level energi - protein pakan serta interaksi antara keduanya terhadap stabilitas oksidasi dan kualitas daging ayam broiler. Percobaan ini menggunakan analisis variansi pola faktorial 3 x 3 (3 faktor level pemberian aditif pakan ELT dan 3 tipe pakan) dan perbedaan yang signifikan dilanjutkan uji Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Tipe pakan yaitu tipe 1: energi - protein rendah, tipe 2: energi - protein sedang, tipe 3: energi - protein tinggi. Tiap perlakuan pakan diberi 3 level pemberian aditif: ELT 0, 500, dan 1.000 mg/kg pakan. Percobaan dilakukan selama 42 hari menggunakan 45 ekor ayam, tiap perlakuan terdiri atas 5 ekor ayam sebagai replikasi. Parameter yang diukur meliputi komposisi kimia daging, kualitas fisik daging, kadar malonaldehyde (MDA), kadar kolesterol, dan komposisi asam lemak daging. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa level pemberian ELT dan level energi – protein pakan saling berinteraksi dalam mempengaruhi nilai pH, susut masak dan kadar MDA, total asam lemak jenuh (SFA), total asam lemak mono tidak jenuh (MUFA) serta total asam lemak poli tidak jenuh (PUFA) daging. Pemberian ELT berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap kualitas kimia daging, tetapi berpengaruh nyata menurunkan pH daging, kadar MDA dan SFA daging (P<0,05), meningkatkan total MUFA dan PUFA daging secara nyata (P<0,05). Level energi - protein pakan tidak menyebabkan perbedaan kualitas kimia daging, tetapi daya ikat air daging, kadar MDA daging, kolesterol daging, total MUFA dan PUFA (P<0,05), menurunkan total SFA (P<0,05). Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ELT sebagai aditif pakan memiliki efek yang baik terhadap stabilitas oksidasi yang tercermin dalam penurunan kadar MDA dan total SFA daging serta meningkatkan total PUFA dalam daging, tanpa menyebabkan perbedaan kualitas daging. (Kata kunci: Ekstrak limbah teh hitam, Antioksidan, Level energi-protein, Stabilitas oksidasi, Kualitas daging
The Use 3 of Banana Peel Meal (Musa paradisiaca) as Substitution of Corn in the Diets on Performance and Carcass Production of Hybrid Ducks
Full text linkThis study was aimed to evaluate the utilization of banana peel meal as alternatives to substitution of corn in the diets based on the performance, carcass production, intestinal villi, the best type and utilization level of banana peel meal as corn substitution. A total of 105 male day old duck used in a completely randomized design (CRD), i.e. half of it (25%) and all of it (50%) replacing corn with banana peel meal PB= basal feed without banana peel meal; K25 and K50 = basal feed with Kepok banana peel meal; T25 dan T50 = basal feed with Tanduk banana peel meal; R25 dan R50 = basal feed with Raja banana pel meal. each treatment was done through 3 replications, with each replication consisted of 5 hybrid ducks. The data with significant differences were analyzed using orthogonal contrast. The paramater collected include performance (feed consumption, body weight gain, final weight, and feed conversion), carcass and abdominal percentage (carcass weight and carcass percentage). The results of the study showed that the utilization of banana peel meal on ducks had lower yields (P<0.05) in body weight gain, body weight, carcass weight, abdominal fat weight, but had higher feed conversion rather than basal feed treatment. It could be concluded that banana peel meal can not be used as substitution of corn in diets, because it can decrease the performance and carcass production of ducks, banana peel meal Kepok and Tanduk with level of 25% gives best performance and carcass weight when used as substitution of corn
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