184 research outputs found
Dinamika Dinamika konflik dan Sunni Syiah pada Era Dinasti Safawiyah: Dinamika konflik dan Sunni Syiah pada Era Dinasti Safawiyah
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The Safavid Empire was founded when the Ottoman Empire reached its peak in Turkey. Geographically, the territory controlled by the Safavid Empire included most of modern Persia, areas in Iraq, the Caucasus, and parts of Central Asia. Safi al-Din founded the Safavid Order after replacing his teacher and father-in-law who died in 1301 AD. In 1508–1509 AD, Shah Ismail I succeeded in conquering Baghdad and most of the southwestern region of Persia. Shah Ismail I began to carry out large-scale attacks on Sunni Muslims and destroyed Sunni mosques and tombs. Since the reign of Sultan Salim I, the jihad movement has moved westward (Europe) to the eastern region which is known as the Islamic region where the Shia sect spread, namely the Iraq and Asia Minor Conflicts until the real conflict between the two dynasties.
Keywords: Conflict, Sunni, Shia, SafavidKekaisaran Safawi didirikan ketika Kekaisaran Ottoman mencapai puncaknya di Türkiye. Secara geografis, wilayah yang dikuasai Kerajaan Safawi meliputi sebagian besar Persia modern, wilayah di Irak, Kaukasus, dan sebagian Asia Tengah. Safi al-Din mendirikan Tarekat Safawiah setelah menggantikan guru dan mertuanya yang meninggal pada tahun 1301 Masehi. Pada tahun 1508–1509 M, Syah Ismail I berhasil menaklukkan Bagdad dan sebagian besar wilayah barat daya Persia. Syah Ismail I mulai memberikan penyrangan secara besar-besaran kepada umat Islam Sunni serta menghancurkan masjid dan makam Sunni. Sejak masa pemerintahan Sultan Salim I, gerakan jihad bergerak ke arah barat (Eropa) hingga ke wilayah timur yang notabene merupakan wilayah Islam tempat menyebarnya aliran Syiah yaitu Konflik Irak dan Asia Kecil hingga konflik nyata antara kedua dinasti tersebut.
Kata Kunci: Konflik, Sunni, Syiah, Safawiya
Evaluation on Innovations of The Prophet Muhammad Used in Ruhü’l-Mathnaw? of Ismail Hakkı Bursaw?
No full textİsmail Hakkı Bursevî (1652–1725), devrinin önemli mutasavvıflarından olduğu gibi aynı zamanda yaklaşık yüz otuzu aşkın eseriyle, öldükten sonra da etkisini sürdürmüş velut bir müelliftir. Onun önemli eserleri arasında sayılan Rûhü’l-Mesnevî, Mevlâna’nın meşhur Mesnevî’sinin birinci cildinin ilk 748 beytine yapılmış şerhtir. Bursevî, Mesnevî’yi şerh ederken, diğer eserlerinde de olduğu gibi hadislerden çokça istifade etmiştir. Mutasavvıfların kullandığı hadisler tarih boyunca tartışma konusu olmuş, hadis âlimlerinin bir kısmı tarafından şiddetle tenkit edilmiştir. Eserlerinde sufîlerin rağbet ve itibar ettiği hadisleri kullanmaktan çekinmeyen Bursevî de bu tenkitlerden nasibini almıştır. Bu yazıda, onun hadis eğitimi ve şerh esnasında kullandığı hadisler, kaynaklarıyla birlikte sıralanarak, araştırmacıların istifadelerine sunulmaya çalışılacaktır.Ismail Hakkı Bursaw? (1652–1725), as being an important sufi of his period, at the same time, was a productive author, with more than approximately hundred and thirty works and carried his influence even after his death. Ruhü’l-Mathnaw?, which is respected as one of his main works is commentary to Mawl?n?’s well known Mathnaw?’s first 748 couplets in Volume 1. Bursaw?, while commenting Mathnaw?, abunduntly used, like he did in his other works, the innovations of Prophet Muhammad. Innovations of Prophet Muhammad used by Sufis have been the subject of argument throughout the history and violently critisized by some of the scientists of Islamic Theology. Bursaw?, who did not hesitate to use the Innovations of Prophet Muhammad, which are approwed and respected by Sufis, had his share of this critisizm. In this article, his education and uses of the innovations of Prophed Muhammad in his commentaries, will be listed with their sources and presented to the benefit of the researchers
The shifting world of South African madrasahs, 1973-2008
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 92-101).This essay seeks to unearth the historical development of madrasah education in South Africa from 1973 to 2008. It identifies transformations that have taken place in the madrasah education landscape in the last thirty to forty years. This work may be seen as largely an exercise in contemporary historical excavation. In addition to determining whether the transformations have changed or sustained the central function of madrasahs as spaces for religious socialization and sectarian identity formation, the essay is an attempt to underline the link between these changes and the broader shifts and developments that have taken place in Muslim communities and the country. The conclusion suggests that while major transformations have taken place at South African madrasahs, the changes - in a broader sense - still fall very much within the central function of madrasahs historically and globally. There has been no radical shift, or even a conception thereof, beyond often sectarian religious orthodoxy
Review of religious services of Allama Yusuf bin Ismail Nabhani
No full text<p>Yusuf bin Ismail Al-Nabhani, a Palestinian Sunni Islamic scholar from the 19th and 20th century, played a significant role in shaping Sufism and making notable contributions to Islam and the Muslim Ummah. This article aims to shed light on his research works, teachings, and their impact. Additionally, it explores Al-Nabhani's unique stylistic approach in his writings on the biography of Prophet Muhammad, Al-Nabhani's scholarly endeavors encompassed a wide range of Islamic knowledge, including theology, jurisprudence, and spirituality. His teachings resonated with many scholars and followers, emphasizing the preservation of the essence of Islam and fostering unity within the Muslim community. Of particular importance is Al-Nabhani's distinctive stylistic pattern in composing the biography of Prophet Muhammad . Through his writings, he skillfully portrayed the life and character of the Prophet, capturing the depth of his teachings and the profound influence he had on humanity. Al-Nabhani's biographical works were highly regarded for their historical accuracy, spiritual depth, and literary excellence, earning recognition from readers and scholars alike</p>
The role of the accused in English and Islamic criminal justice
No full textThis thesis is a comparative study of the role of the accused in the systems of
English and Islamic criminal justice. It seeks to explore the underlying
relationship between the individual and the state through an historical, structural
and contextual analysis of their rules relating to questioning and of confessions.
The analysis of the English system covers the period 1800 to 1984, with
particular reference to developments during the nineteenth century when the
foundations for the modern English state were established. The analysis of the
Islamic system combines traditionally Islamic and modern methods, assessing the
"Islamisation" movement in Malaysia through a religico-structural understanding
of juristic opinion from the four main schools of Sunnite jurisprudence.
The thesis contributes to existing knowledge on a number of levels: first, it
questions and revises the "myth" of "progress" that has dominated observations
of the history of the English criminal justice system; second, it elucidates the
relationship between Islamic law in theory and the law that is applied and
proposed in its name in Muslim states; third, it provides an analytical framework
for drawing comparisons between the underlying values of the systems of English
and Islamic criminal justice.
While acknowledging fundamental differences in terms of outlook and
articulation, the author concludes there are important similarities expressed
through such notions as "suspect" in the English system and "kafir"I"fasiq" in the
Islamic. These act as intermediate constitutional categories to whom the state
owe less protection. But the author notes also that these similarities are not
observed necessarily in the "law" which is implemented or proposed in Muslim
states; exact correspondence depends upon the over-arching political structure
and the institution of Caliphate.
The thesis is divided into six chapters: chapter one sets out the conventional view
of the historical development of English criminal procedure and evidence;
chapter two subjects that to a critique and chapter three offers a revised thesis.
Chapter four, explores methods for interpreting and explaining Islam; chapter
five sets out rules relating to confessions and questioning according to the four
Sunni schools; chapter six puts them into "context" through an examination of
the "Islamisation" process in Malaysia
Conflict of law and the methodology of Tarjīẖ : a study in Islamic legal theory
No full textIslamic law never achieved unity but expressed itself in, at least, four surviving schools. More interestingly, contemporary Muslim communities are still divided among themselves on a number of issues related to their laws. This work describes how problem of legal conflicts have been tackled by Muslim jurists. It is an attempt to examine closely the phenomenon of conflict in Islamic law from the standpoint of usūl-al-fiqh or Islamic legal theory. In fact, much is heard nowadays of the contradiction in the body of Islamic law. Whilst in contrast, little is presented in terms of the methodology of removing this conflict. The present work therefore, attempts to redress this balance. The emphasis of the work will be concerned primarily with tarjīh methodology ; how to give preference to one piece of evidence or argument over the other when they conflict. Nevertheless, considerable concern is given to investigating the background to the conflict of law in the Shari'ah.
This study of a neglected area in Islamic legal scholarship will be an important source of reference to students, both practising and theoretical jurists or to anyone who merely wishes to increase his knowledge of legal themes, particularly legal conflict. The very aim of the work is to argue that conflict is a natural and unavoidable consequence of legal study because legal conflict is only conflicting principles and arguments adduced by both the classical and modern jurists to reach what is actually intended by God in the target case. Therefore, conflicts are inevitable in most of the cases in fiqh owing to the variety of principles set out to deal with one piece of legal evidence, let alone with all the pieces of legal evidence in question.
Tarjīh is therefore, an important and workable instrument in the re-examination of these conflicts and in arriving at the most accurate principle for establishing the law for as long as this is possible. It is hoped that the discovery of new facts and the increase of knowledge which results from the broadening and deepening of the research will positively contribute to the process of unification of Islamic law
MUHAMMAD SYUHUDI ISMAIL (1943-1995); TOKOH HADITH PROLIFIK,ENSKLOPEDIK DAN IJTIHAD
No full textThis paper aims to investigate the prolific, encyclopedic and ijtihad aspects of an Indonesian hadith figure, Muhammad Syuhudi Ismail.He has brought significant aspects in the development of hadith studies in Indonesia, especially in Islamic Higher Education sectors. This paper is framed by using qualitative approach. In order to collect data, the author compiled both the individual and group work of Syuhudi Ismail; examined other authors work about Syuhudi; and conducted in-depth interviewswith his wife and students. The author used descriptive analysis to analyse the data. The findings show that the productivity of Syuhudi Ismail can be seen from his collections of 59 scientific works dated from the 1970s to 1990s: 8 books, 13 enncyclopedi entries, 38 papers, articles and research reports. From the ijtihad (interpretative) aspect, he is one of proponents of women leadership. Meanwhile, he claimed that plastic surgery for the purpose of enhancing beauty is prohibited. In hadith studies, he introduced the hadith sanad studies by considering the major and minor essence. In understanding the substance of hadith, he preferred the thematic and holistic approach. Finally, this paper concludes by discussing the challenges faced by hadith researchers of Islamic Higher Education sectors today, that is to obtain that aspects, to constantly exploring new methods in hadith studies and producing practical works in the field of hadith studies which are applicable and relevant for wider society.</jats:p
The challenges implementation of photovoltaic system in the office buildings / Muhammad Zaidi Ismail
No full textWorld energy consumption based on the fossil fuel is rapidly increasing year by year. The energy based fossil fuel has many disadvantages such as non-renewable sources, high cost, produce carbon dioxide emission that hazadous to the enviroment. Therefore, this kind of energy need to be replace by an alternative energy such as solar energy. The solar energy has a huge potential in order to produce electricity in Malaysia and has many advantage such as produce clean energy, require little maintenance and no harmful emission produced. However, the solar energy is abundant if compared with another type of alternative energy. In order to develop solar energy, there are several method can be used to harvest the sunlight and produce an electricity. For this research, the author will only focus on the photovoltaic system as one method to produce the solar energy. In this research, the author will describe the definition of photovoltaic system, the components of photovoltaic system such as photovoltaic cells, inverter and others. This research also will discuss about the building integrated photovoltaic which is one of the way to integrate the photovoltaic system and the maintenance of this system. After that, the author will discuss about the factor need to be considered for photovoltaic system implementation, then followed with the development of this system in Malaysia. There are several case study has been chose to archieve the research’s objective which is the diamond building, digi building and GreenTech Malaysia GEO building. All of these three case study will be discusses about it’s photovoltaic system that has been implement in the building. The inteview session and questionnaire will be distributed and the data will be analyze. The result will be presented in graph and table as shown in the Chapter 5. The finding of this research will be determined by the mean score. There are sfeveral dimension will be make to obtain the results such as the reason photovoltaic system not fully implemented in Malaysia, the factor implement photovoltaic system, reason of development of photovoltaic system in the building is slower, the advantages of photovoltaic system, the ways to know photovoltaic system work efficiently, the ways to maintain the efficiency of the photovoltaic system, the ways to increase the development of photovoltaic system and finally the challenges to implement the photovoltaic system in the building. All the result obtained will be discussed at the Chapter 5. At the end of this research, the author will make a conclusion and recommendation regarding the challenges implementation of the photovoltaic system in the office buildings
bPolitical awareness of the Shi'ites in Lebanon : the role of Sayyid #Abd al-Husain Sharaf al-Din and Sayyid Musa al-Sadr.
No full textAn analysis of the sources of intepretation in the commentaries of al-Tabari, al-Zamakhshari, al-Razi, al-Qurtubi, and Ibn Kathir
No full textThis study investigates the major sources cited in Sunni taf sir s and their relative frequencies. The commentaries ofAbu Ja \u27far Muhommad ibn Jarir al- Tabari (d. 310/9 23) . Abu al-Qasim Mahmud ibn \u27Umar al-Zamakhshari (d. 53 8/1143-4). Fakhr al-Din Muhammad ibn \u27Umar al-Razi (d. 606/1209-10) , Abu \u27Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Qurtubi (d. 6 71/12 73) and \u27Imad aI-Din Ismail ibn \u27Umar ibn Kathir (d. 774/ /373) are considered. The citations of each tafsir were counted from a sample of twenty pages per volume from all the works. Pages within each volume were chosen at random. The results of only the top sources in each tafsir were then analysed. These showed that, though all the scholars were unanimous in asserting that only the Prophet (s. a.w.), his Companions (r.a.) , and the generation that followed them were suitable candidates for interpreting the Qur \u27an, it is only Ibn Kathir, and to a lesser degree, al-Qurtubi and al-Tabari, who truly adehered to this
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