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Removal of the cyanide and the rhodanide from waters
No full textCijanidi i rodanidi su toksični spojevi sa štetnim utjecajem na okoliš i ljudsko zdravlje. Cijanidi su poznati kao bitna sirovina kod proizvodnje farmaceutika, kozmetike, medicinskih i poljoprivrednih proizvoda te kod procesa obrade u metalurškoj industriji. Reakcijama cijanida sa sumporom nastaju rodanidi ili tiocijanati koji su karakterizirani kao spojevi manje toksičnosti, ali veće stabilnosti od cijanida. Razvojem industrije i povećavanjem proizvodnih kapaciteta raste i količina otpadnog cijanida točnije otpadnim vodama dospjevaju u okoliš. Stoga je potrebno provoditi obradu otpadnih voda prije ispuštanja iz postrojenja kako bi se smanjila njihova prisutnost u okolišu. Napredni oksidacijski procesi su vrsta procesa koji se koriste pri obradi takvih onečišćenih voda. Temelje se na korištenju oksidacijskih sredstava pomoću kojih dolazi do uspješne razgradnje i uklanjanja neželjenih organskih spojeva.
U ovom radu provedena su istraživanja uklanjanja cijanida (CN-) i tiocijanata (SCN-) iz modelnih otopina naprednim oksidacijskim procesima fotolizom, UV/H2O2 i UV/S2O82- pri pH vrijednostima 4, 7 i 10. Omjer onečišćivala (CN- i SCN-) prema oksidacijskom sredstvu (H2O2 i S2O82-) iznosio je 1:10 dok je valna duljina UV zračenja iznosila 254 nm. Rezultati su pokazali kako je najučinkovitija primjena UV/S2O82- za oba istraživana onečišćivala pri nižim pH. Metoda UV/S2O82- je najučinkovitija s 99,26% uklonjenog CN- i 80,26% uklonjenog SCN- pri pH = 4. Minimalne učinkovitosti pri uklanjanju oba onečišćivala zabilježene su kod čiste fotolize gdje je uklonjeno samo 40,90% CN- (pH = 7) i 21,49% SCN- (pH = 10). Najbrža je kinetika razgradnje CN- metodom UV/S2O82- (k = 0,0806 s^-1) pri pH=4 dok je najsporija tijekom čiste fotolize (k = 0,0076 s^-1) pri pH=7. Najbrža razgradnja SCN- je metodom UV/S2O82- (k =0,027 s^-1) pri pH=4 dok je najsporija tijekom čiste fotolize (k = 0,0041 s^-1) pri pH = 10. Navedene brzine uklanjanja CN- i SCN- su prvog reda odnosno kinetika se ipak smatra pseudo-prvog reda zbog velikog broj radikalskih reakcija.Cyanides and rhodanides are toxic compounds with a negative influence on the environment and the human health. Cyanides are known as a important raw material in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, medical and agricultural product manufacture and in processing processes of the metallurgical industry. Reactions between cyanides and sulphur result with the formation of rhodanides or thiocyanites which are charaterized as compunds with lower toxicity but higher stability than cyanides. With the development of the industry and the increase in production capacity, the amount of cyanide and rhodanides that ends up in the environment within wastewaters increases. Because of that, it is necessary to carry out the wastewater treatment before the discharging to decrease their presence in the environment. Advanced oxidation processes are a type of processes which are used for treating that kind of polluted water. They are based on the usage of oxidizing agents which successfully result with the decomposition of unwanted organic compounds. This work deals with the removal od cyanides (CN-) and rhodanides (SCN-) from model solutions by the advanced oxidation processes using photolysis, UV/H2O2 and UV/S2O82- at pH values 4, 7 and 10. The ratio of pollutants (CN- and SCN-) to oxidizing agents (H2O2 and S2O82-) was 1:10, while the wavelength of the UV radiation was 254 nm The results showed that the usage of the UV/S2O82- method under lower pH values was the most effient for both pollutants. The UV/S2O82- method is the most efficient with 99.26% of CN- and 80.26% of SCN- removed at pH=4. Minimal efficiencies in the removal of both pollutants were recorded with pure photolysis, where only 40.90% of CN- (pH=7) and 21.49% of SCN- (pH=10) were removed. The fastest kinetics of the CN- degradation is by the UV/S2O82- method (k = 0.0806 s^-1) at pH=4, while the slowest is during pure photolysis (k = 0.0076 s^-1) at pH=7. The fastest degradation of SCN- is by the UV/S2O82- method (k = 0.027 s^-1) at pH=4, while the slowest is during pure photolysis (k = 0.0041 s^-1) at pH=10. The stated removal processes of CN- and SCN- contain first order reactions, that are actually considered to be pseudo-first order due to the large number of radical reactions
Removal of the cyanide and the rhodanide from waters
No full textCijanidi i rodanidi su toksični spojevi sa štetnim utjecajem na okoliš i ljudsko zdravlje. Cijanidi su poznati kao bitna sirovina kod proizvodnje farmaceutika, kozmetike, medicinskih i poljoprivrednih proizvoda te kod procesa obrade u metalurškoj industriji. Reakcijama cijanida sa sumporom nastaju rodanidi ili tiocijanati koji su karakterizirani kao spojevi manje toksičnosti, ali veće stabilnosti od cijanida. Razvojem industrije i povećavanjem proizvodnih kapaciteta raste i količina otpadnog cijanida točnije otpadnim vodama dospjevaju u okoliš. Stoga je potrebno provoditi obradu otpadnih voda prije ispuštanja iz postrojenja kako bi se smanjila njihova prisutnost u okolišu. Napredni oksidacijski procesi su vrsta procesa koji se koriste pri obradi takvih onečišćenih voda. Temelje se na korištenju oksidacijskih sredstava pomoću kojih dolazi do uspješne razgradnje i uklanjanja neželjenih organskih spojeva.
U ovom radu provedena su istraživanja uklanjanja cijanida (CN-) i tiocijanata (SCN-) iz modelnih otopina naprednim oksidacijskim procesima fotolizom, UV/H2O2 i UV/S2O82- pri pH vrijednostima 4, 7 i 10. Omjer onečišćivala (CN- i SCN-) prema oksidacijskom sredstvu (H2O2 i S2O82-) iznosio je 1:10 dok je valna duljina UV zračenja iznosila 254 nm. Rezultati su pokazali kako je najučinkovitija primjena UV/S2O82- za oba istraživana onečišćivala pri nižim pH. Metoda UV/S2O82- je najučinkovitija s 99,26% uklonjenog CN- i 80,26% uklonjenog SCN- pri pH = 4. Minimalne učinkovitosti pri uklanjanju oba onečišćivala zabilježene su kod čiste fotolize gdje je uklonjeno samo 40,90% CN- (pH = 7) i 21,49% SCN- (pH = 10). Najbrža je kinetika razgradnje CN- metodom UV/S2O82- (k = 0,0806 s^-1) pri pH=4 dok je najsporija tijekom čiste fotolize (k = 0,0076 s^-1) pri pH=7. Najbrža razgradnja SCN- je metodom UV/S2O82- (k =0,027 s^-1) pri pH=4 dok je najsporija tijekom čiste fotolize (k = 0,0041 s^-1) pri pH = 10. Navedene brzine uklanjanja CN- i SCN- su prvog reda odnosno kinetika se ipak smatra pseudo-prvog reda zbog velikog broj radikalskih reakcija.Cyanides and rhodanides are toxic compounds with a negative influence on the environment and the human health. Cyanides are known as a important raw material in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, medical and agricultural product manufacture and in processing processes of the metallurgical industry. Reactions between cyanides and sulphur result with the formation of rhodanides or thiocyanites which are charaterized as compunds with lower toxicity but higher stability than cyanides. With the development of the industry and the increase in production capacity, the amount of cyanide and rhodanides that ends up in the environment within wastewaters increases. Because of that, it is necessary to carry out the wastewater treatment before the discharging to decrease their presence in the environment. Advanced oxidation processes are a type of processes which are used for treating that kind of polluted water. They are based on the usage of oxidizing agents which successfully result with the decomposition of unwanted organic compounds. This work deals with the removal od cyanides (CN-) and rhodanides (SCN-) from model solutions by the advanced oxidation processes using photolysis, UV/H2O2 and UV/S2O82- at pH values 4, 7 and 10. The ratio of pollutants (CN- and SCN-) to oxidizing agents (H2O2 and S2O82-) was 1:10, while the wavelength of the UV radiation was 254 nm The results showed that the usage of the UV/S2O82- method under lower pH values was the most effient for both pollutants. The UV/S2O82- method is the most efficient with 99.26% of CN- and 80.26% of SCN- removed at pH=4. Minimal efficiencies in the removal of both pollutants were recorded with pure photolysis, where only 40.90% of CN- (pH=7) and 21.49% of SCN- (pH=10) were removed. The fastest kinetics of the CN- degradation is by the UV/S2O82- method (k = 0.0806 s^-1) at pH=4, while the slowest is during pure photolysis (k = 0.0076 s^-1) at pH=7. The fastest degradation of SCN- is by the UV/S2O82- method (k = 0.027 s^-1) at pH=4, while the slowest is during pure photolysis (k = 0.0041 s^-1) at pH=10. The stated removal processes of CN- and SCN- contain first order reactions, that are actually considered to be pseudo-first order due to the large number of radical reactions
Microplastics and its removal in wastewater treatment processes
No full textOnečišćenje okoliša česticama mikroplastike (MP) u posljednje vrijeme dobiva veliku pozornost kao jedan od najvećih ekoloških problema. Mikroplastika je toksična za živi svijet zbog svoje biopokretljivosti, abioakumulacije, interakcije s postojanim organskim onečišćivalima i laganog ulaska u žive organizme putem hranidbenog lanca. Izvori mikroplastike u okolišu mogu biti nepropisno odlaganje otpada, otpadne vode sa postrojenja za obradu voda u granama industrije gdje se mikroplastika proizvodi i/ili primjenjuje te komunalne i oborinske vode. U svrhu smanjivanja emisije čestica mikroplastike u okoliš potrebno je u procesima obrade voda potpuno ukloniti mikroplastiku prije ispuštanja u prijamike. Istraživanja koja se provode uključuju različite fizikalno-kemijske procese za uklanjanje čestica MP u svim procesima obrade voda poput koagulacije, flokulacije, adsorpcije, membranske filtracije i dezinfekcije. U ovom radu dan je pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja koji poboljšavaju učinkovitost uklanjanja mikroplastike u procesima pročišćavanja i obrade otpadnih voda.Environment pollution with microplastics particles (MP) has recently gained attention as one of the largest ecological issues. Microplastics is toxic for the living world due to its biomobility, abioaccumulation, interaction with stable organic pollutants and easy permeation into living organisms via the food chain. Sources of microplastics in the environment can include improper waste disposal, waste waters from water treatment plants in industries where microplastics is produced and/or applied, as well as sewage and rainfall. For the purpose of reducing the emission of microplastics particles into the environment, it is necessary to completely remove microplastics from water treatment processes, before releasing it in into the receivers. Current research includes various physical-chemical processes for removing MP particles from all water treatment processes such as coagulation, flocculation, adsorption, membrane filtration and disinfection. This paper provides an overview of research done so far that increases the efficiency of removing microplastics from water treatment and wastewater treatment processes
Microplastics and its removal in wastewater treatment processes
No full textOnečišćenje okoliša česticama mikroplastike (MP) u posljednje vrijeme dobiva veliku pozornost kao jedan od najvećih ekoloških problema. Mikroplastika je toksična za živi svijet zbog svoje biopokretljivosti, abioakumulacije, interakcije s postojanim organskim onečišćivalima i laganog ulaska u žive organizme putem hranidbenog lanca. Izvori mikroplastike u okolišu mogu biti nepropisno odlaganje otpada, otpadne vode sa postrojenja za obradu voda u granama industrije gdje se mikroplastika proizvodi i/ili primjenjuje te komunalne i oborinske vode. U svrhu smanjivanja emisije čestica mikroplastike u okoliš potrebno je u procesima obrade voda potpuno ukloniti mikroplastiku prije ispuštanja u prijamike. Istraživanja koja se provode uključuju različite fizikalno-kemijske procese za uklanjanje čestica MP u svim procesima obrade voda poput koagulacije, flokulacije, adsorpcije, membranske filtracije i dezinfekcije. U ovom radu dan je pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja koji poboljšavaju učinkovitost uklanjanja mikroplastike u procesima pročišćavanja i obrade otpadnih voda.Environment pollution with microplastics particles (MP) has recently gained attention as one of the largest ecological issues. Microplastics is toxic for the living world due to its biomobility, abioaccumulation, interaction with stable organic pollutants and easy permeation into living organisms via the food chain. Sources of microplastics in the environment can include improper waste disposal, waste waters from water treatment plants in industries where microplastics is produced and/or applied, as well as sewage and rainfall. For the purpose of reducing the emission of microplastics particles into the environment, it is necessary to completely remove microplastics from water treatment processes, before releasing it in into the receivers. Current research includes various physical-chemical processes for removing MP particles from all water treatment processes such as coagulation, flocculation, adsorption, membrane filtration and disinfection. This paper provides an overview of research done so far that increases the efficiency of removing microplastics from water treatment and wastewater treatment processes
Microplastics and its removal in wastewater treatment processes
No full textOnečišćenje okoliša česticama mikroplastike (MP) u posljednje vrijeme dobiva veliku pozornost kao jedan od najvećih ekoloških problema. Mikroplastika je toksična za živi svijet zbog svoje biopokretljivosti, abioakumulacije, interakcije s postojanim organskim onečišćivalima i laganog ulaska u žive organizme putem hranidbenog lanca. Izvori mikroplastike u okolišu mogu biti nepropisno odlaganje otpada, otpadne vode sa postrojenja za obradu voda u granama industrije gdje se mikroplastika proizvodi i/ili primjenjuje te komunalne i oborinske vode. U svrhu smanjivanja emisije čestica mikroplastike u okoliš potrebno je u procesima obrade voda potpuno ukloniti mikroplastiku prije ispuštanja u prijamike. Istraživanja koja se provode uključuju različite fizikalno-kemijske procese za uklanjanje čestica MP u svim procesima obrade voda poput koagulacije, flokulacije, adsorpcije, membranske filtracije i dezinfekcije. U ovom radu dan je pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja koji poboljšavaju učinkovitost uklanjanja mikroplastike u procesima pročišćavanja i obrade otpadnih voda.Environment pollution with microplastics particles (MP) has recently gained attention as one of the largest ecological issues. Microplastics is toxic for the living world due to its biomobility, abioaccumulation, interaction with stable organic pollutants and easy permeation into living organisms via the food chain. Sources of microplastics in the environment can include improper waste disposal, waste waters from water treatment plants in industries where microplastics is produced and/or applied, as well as sewage and rainfall. For the purpose of reducing the emission of microplastics particles into the environment, it is necessary to completely remove microplastics from water treatment processes, before releasing it in into the receivers. Current research includes various physical-chemical processes for removing MP particles from all water treatment processes such as coagulation, flocculation, adsorption, membrane filtration and disinfection. This paper provides an overview of research done so far that increases the efficiency of removing microplastics from water treatment and wastewater treatment processes
Removal of the cyanide and the rhodanide from waters
No full textCijanidi i rodanidi su toksični spojevi sa štetnim utjecajem na okoliš i ljudsko zdravlje. Cijanidi su poznati kao bitna sirovina kod proizvodnje farmaceutika, kozmetike, medicinskih i poljoprivrednih proizvoda te kod procesa obrade u metalurškoj industriji. Reakcijama cijanida sa sumporom nastaju rodanidi ili tiocijanati koji su karakterizirani kao spojevi manje toksičnosti, ali veće stabilnosti od cijanida. Razvojem industrije i povećavanjem proizvodnih kapaciteta raste i količina otpadnog cijanida točnije otpadnim vodama dospjevaju u okoliš. Stoga je potrebno provoditi obradu otpadnih voda prije ispuštanja iz postrojenja kako bi se smanjila njihova prisutnost u okolišu. Napredni oksidacijski procesi su vrsta procesa koji se koriste pri obradi takvih onečišćenih voda. Temelje se na korištenju oksidacijskih sredstava pomoću kojih dolazi do uspješne razgradnje i uklanjanja neželjenih organskih spojeva.
U ovom radu provedena su istraživanja uklanjanja cijanida (CN-) i tiocijanata (SCN-) iz modelnih otopina naprednim oksidacijskim procesima fotolizom, UV/H2O2 i UV/S2O82- pri pH vrijednostima 4, 7 i 10. Omjer onečišćivala (CN- i SCN-) prema oksidacijskom sredstvu (H2O2 i S2O82-) iznosio je 1:10 dok je valna duljina UV zračenja iznosila 254 nm. Rezultati su pokazali kako je najučinkovitija primjena UV/S2O82- za oba istraživana onečišćivala pri nižim pH. Metoda UV/S2O82- je najučinkovitija s 99,26% uklonjenog CN- i 80,26% uklonjenog SCN- pri pH = 4. Minimalne učinkovitosti pri uklanjanju oba onečišćivala zabilježene su kod čiste fotolize gdje je uklonjeno samo 40,90% CN- (pH = 7) i 21,49% SCN- (pH = 10). Najbrža je kinetika razgradnje CN- metodom UV/S2O82- (k = 0,0806 s^-1) pri pH=4 dok je najsporija tijekom čiste fotolize (k = 0,0076 s^-1) pri pH=7. Najbrža razgradnja SCN- je metodom UV/S2O82- (k =0,027 s^-1) pri pH=4 dok je najsporija tijekom čiste fotolize (k = 0,0041 s^-1) pri pH = 10. Navedene brzine uklanjanja CN- i SCN- su prvog reda odnosno kinetika se ipak smatra pseudo-prvog reda zbog velikog broj radikalskih reakcija.Cyanides and rhodanides are toxic compounds with a negative influence on the environment and the human health. Cyanides are known as a important raw material in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, medical and agricultural product manufacture and in processing processes of the metallurgical industry. Reactions between cyanides and sulphur result with the formation of rhodanides or thiocyanites which are charaterized as compunds with lower toxicity but higher stability than cyanides. With the development of the industry and the increase in production capacity, the amount of cyanide and rhodanides that ends up in the environment within wastewaters increases. Because of that, it is necessary to carry out the wastewater treatment before the discharging to decrease their presence in the environment. Advanced oxidation processes are a type of processes which are used for treating that kind of polluted water. They are based on the usage of oxidizing agents which successfully result with the decomposition of unwanted organic compounds. This work deals with the removal od cyanides (CN-) and rhodanides (SCN-) from model solutions by the advanced oxidation processes using photolysis, UV/H2O2 and UV/S2O82- at pH values 4, 7 and 10. The ratio of pollutants (CN- and SCN-) to oxidizing agents (H2O2 and S2O82-) was 1:10, while the wavelength of the UV radiation was 254 nm The results showed that the usage of the UV/S2O82- method under lower pH values was the most effient for both pollutants. The UV/S2O82- method is the most efficient with 99.26% of CN- and 80.26% of SCN- removed at pH=4. Minimal efficiencies in the removal of both pollutants were recorded with pure photolysis, where only 40.90% of CN- (pH=7) and 21.49% of SCN- (pH=10) were removed. The fastest kinetics of the CN- degradation is by the UV/S2O82- method (k = 0.0806 s^-1) at pH=4, while the slowest is during pure photolysis (k = 0.0076 s^-1) at pH=7. The fastest degradation of SCN- is by the UV/S2O82- method (k = 0.027 s^-1) at pH=4, while the slowest is during pure photolysis (k = 0.0041 s^-1) at pH=10. The stated removal processes of CN- and SCN- contain first order reactions, that are actually considered to be pseudo-first order due to the large number of radical reactions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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