1,720,964 research outputs found
Position in Astronomical Navigation by Observation of a Single Body
No full textPomorska navigacija kao vještina i umijeće vođenja broda od jednog do drugog mjesta na moru kontinuirano se razvija i usavršava. Drevne su civilizacije kroz usavršavanje i eksploataciju svojih pomoračkih vještina razvijale razne načine navigacije. Jedna od najstarijih jest astronomska navigacija. Omogućavajući navigaciju bilo gdje na Zemlji, ova u potpunosti autonomna navigacija se naglo razvila nakon srednjeg vijeka te prešla u temeljna pomoračka znanja. Promatrajući položaje zvijezda, planeta, Mjeseca i Sunca, koriste se razne metode za precizno određivanje pozicije. Iako je autonomna i poprilično pouzdana, astronomska navigacija se postupno udaljava od primjene u praksi. Iako se danas rijetko koristi u praksi, ipak je na većini plovila propisano imati opremu za pozicioniranje pomoću nebeskih tijela, u slučaju da elektronički sustavi zakažu. Određivanje pozicije u astronomskoj navigaciji u pravilu se temelji na opažanju više tijela, ali isto tako postoje metode gdje se do pozicije može doći uz pomoć samo jednog tijela. Diplomski rad izložit će potrebna temeljna predznanja iz astronomske navigacije i razraditi različite metode koje uključuju navigaciju promatranjem jednog nebeskog tijela.Maritime navigation, as a skill and mastery of a ship guidance from one place to another at sea is continuously developed and improved. Ancient civilizations developed various ways of navigation through the improvement and exploitation of their seafaring skills. One of the oldest is astronomical navigation. Enabling navigation anywhere on Earth´s surface, this fully autonomous navigation developed rapidly after the Middle Ages and became basic maritime knowledge. Observing the positions of stars, planets, the Moon and the Sun, various methods are used to accurately determine the position. Despite being autonomous and quite reliable, astronomical navigation is gradually moving away from application in practice. Although it is rarely used in practice today, possesing the equipment for positioning using celestial bodies is still mandatory on most vessels, in case electronic systems fail. Determining the position in astronomical navigation is usually based on the observation of multiple bodies, but there are also methods where the position can be determined with the help of only one body. This master thesis will present the necessary basic knowledge of astronomical navigation and elaborate various methods that include navigation by observing a single celestial body
Optimisation of the coast guard resource deployment in semi - enclosed seas as a function of the national security
No full textPreduvjet postizanja više razine nacionalne sigurnosti obalnih država ostvaruje se efikasnom provedbom nadzora i zaštite mora u cilju smanjenja sigurnosnih prijetnji i rizika na moru. Posebnu ulogu u tome ima geografski i geostrateški razmještaj pomorskih lokacija obalne straže. U doktorskom radu istraženi su i analizirani relevantni čimbenici koji imaju utjecaj na učinkovitost provedbe nadzora i zaštite prava i interesa obalnih država u poluzatvorenim morima. Podrobno su objašnjena poluzatvorena mora u svijetu. Detaljno su analizirane strukture odgovarajućih tijela državne uprave odnosne obalne države u operativnoj efikasnosti provedbe zaštite prava i interesa u morskim prostorima. Sintetizirani su relevantni slučajevi povrede prelaska državne granice na moru. Izvršena je detaljna analiza sigurnosti pomorskog prometa. Prikupljeni su podaci o brodskom, robnom i putničkom prometu u pomorskim lukama. Provedena je komparativna analiza dominantnih modela ustroja obalnih straža u svijetu s obalnom stražom odnosne države. U odnosu na prostorni razmještaj sustavno su proučene karakteristike i ograničenja izabranih pomorskih lokacija u odnosnom poluzatvorenom moru. Na temelju toga, a u svrhu postizanja više razine zaštite nacionalnih prava i interesa obalnih država na moru, utvrđeni su kriteriji i potkriteriji kao najvažniji korak u rješavanju postavljenog problema istraživanja. Sustavnom analizom definiranih višedimenzionalnih kriterija, težinskih koeficijenata, kvantitativnih i kvalitativnih mjera, izrađen je model optimizacije prostornog razmještaja resursa obalne straže u poluzatvorenom moru odnosne obalne države u funkciji nacionalne sigurnosti. Izrađeni model optimizacije prostornog razmještaja resursa obalne straže baziran je na metodi višekriterijskog odlučivanja te je opisan matematičkim modelom višekriterijske analize. Za ključni dio istraživanja, realizaciju i izradu modela u odnosu na klasičnu prostornu koncepciju razmještaja resursa obalne straže, korištene su metode za višekriterijsko odlučivanje i analizu te programska podrška za analizu ulaznih podataka. Pomoću metoda za višekriterijsko odlučivanje (PROMETHEE i GAIA) međusobno su uspoređene i rangirane pomorske lokacije. Rangiranje pomorskih lokacija omogućava obalnoj državi planiranje i razvoj pomorskih lokacija za smještaj resursa obalne straže jer određuje prioritet izbora između predloženih pomorskih lokacija. Validacija izrađenog optimizacijskog modela izbora pomorskih lokacija izvršena je u sjevernoj i srednjoj geografskoj cjelini Jadranskog mora II - istočni dio. U praktičnom smislu validacija je potvrdila ispravnost izrađenog modela, budući da su predložene pomorske lokacije bile bolje rangirane u odnosu na referentne pomorske lokacije (postojeće vojne luke) temeljem postavljenih kriterija.The prerequisite to achieve a high level of national security of coastal states is realised through the efficient supervision and the sea protection in order to reduce security threats and risks at sea. A significant importance carries the geographical and geostrategic deployment of coast guard maritime locations. This doctoral thesis examines and analyses relevant factors that have an impact on the effectiveness of control and protection of the rights and interests of coastal states in semi - enclosed seas. Semi - enclosed seas in the world are minutely explained. The thesis studies and analyses the organisation of relevant state administration bodies of the respective coastal state in the operational efficiency of the implementation of the control and protection of rights and interests in maritime areas. It synthesizes relevant cases of maritime border crossing violations. A thorough analysis of the safety of maritime transport is carried out. The thesis collects the result of ship, freight and passenger traffic in seaports and it provides an analytical comparison of dominant models of the organisation of coast guards in the world as well as the one of the respective country. Characteristics and limitations of the selected maritime locations in the respective semi - enclosed sea are systematically studied in relation to the spatial distribution. The proposed model for optimising the spatial distribution of coast guard resources is based on a multi criteria decision making method and is described by a mathematical multi criteria analysis model. The model integrates criteria and sub - criteria as the most important step in solving the research problem in order to result in a higher level of protection of national rights and interests of coastal states at sea. The optimisation model of the spatial distribution of coast guard resources in the semi - enclosed sea of the respective coastal state as a function of national security was developed through a systematic analysis of the defined multidimensional criteria, weighting coefficients, quantitative and qualitative measures. The crucial part of the research, realisation and development of a draft model in relation to the classical concept of spatial distribution of resources, is based on the use of the PROMETHEE methods for partial and complete ranking, GAIA method for a geometric display of results and Visual PROMETHEE Academic Edition software for the analysis of input data. The ranking of maritime locations enables the coastal state to plan and develop the maritime locations for the deployment of coast guard resources. IV It determines the priority of choice among the proposed maritime locations. The validation of the proposed optimisation model for the selection of maritime locations was carried out in northern and central geographical units of the Adriatic Sea - the eastern part although it is applicable to any other similar maritime location. The validation has confirmed the correctness of the created model since the proposed maritime locations have been ranked better in comparison to the reference ones (the existing ports) based on set criteria
Optimisation of the coast guard resource deployment in semi - enclosed seas as a function of the national security
No full textPreduvjet postizanja više razine nacionalne sigurnosti obalnih država ostvaruje se efikasnom provedbom nadzora i zaštite mora u cilju smanjenja sigurnosnih prijetnji i rizika na moru. Posebnu ulogu u tome ima geografski i geostrateški razmještaj pomorskih lokacija obalne straže. U doktorskom radu istraženi su i analizirani relevantni čimbenici koji imaju utjecaj na učinkovitost provedbe nadzora i zaštite prava i interesa obalnih država u poluzatvorenim morima. Podrobno su objašnjena poluzatvorena mora u svijetu. Detaljno su analizirane strukture odgovarajućih tijela državne uprave odnosne obalne države u operativnoj efikasnosti provedbe zaštite prava i interesa u morskim prostorima. Sintetizirani su relevantni slučajevi povrede prelaska državne granice na moru. Izvršena je detaljna analiza sigurnosti pomorskog prometa. Prikupljeni su podaci o brodskom, robnom i putničkom prometu u pomorskim lukama. Provedena je komparativna analiza dominantnih modela ustroja obalnih straža u svijetu s obalnom stražom odnosne države. U odnosu na prostorni razmještaj sustavno su proučene karakteristike i ograničenja izabranih pomorskih lokacija u odnosnom poluzatvorenom moru. Na temelju toga, a u svrhu postizanja više razine zaštite nacionalnih prava i interesa obalnih država na moru, utvrđeni su kriteriji i potkriteriji kao najvažniji korak u rješavanju postavljenog problema istraživanja. Sustavnom analizom definiranih višedimenzionalnih kriterija, težinskih koeficijenata, kvantitativnih i kvalitativnih mjera, izrađen je model optimizacije prostornog razmještaja resursa obalne straže u poluzatvorenom moru odnosne obalne države u funkciji nacionalne sigurnosti. Izrađeni model optimizacije prostornog razmještaja resursa obalne straže baziran je na metodi višekriterijskog odlučivanja te je opisan matematičkim modelom višekriterijske analize. Za ključni dio istraživanja, realizaciju i izradu modela u odnosu na klasičnu prostornu koncepciju razmještaja resursa obalne straže, korištene su metode za višekriterijsko odlučivanje i analizu te programska podrška za analizu ulaznih podataka. Pomoću metoda za višekriterijsko odlučivanje (PROMETHEE i GAIA) međusobno su uspoređene i rangirane pomorske lokacije. Rangiranje pomorskih lokacija omogućava obalnoj državi planiranje i razvoj pomorskih lokacija za smještaj resursa obalne straže jer određuje prioritet izbora između predloženih pomorskih lokacija. Validacija izrađenog optimizacijskog modela izbora pomorskih lokacija izvršena je u sjevernoj i srednjoj geografskoj cjelini Jadranskog mora II - istočni dio. U praktičnom smislu validacija je potvrdila ispravnost izrađenog modela, budući da su predložene pomorske lokacije bile bolje rangirane u odnosu na referentne pomorske lokacije (postojeće vojne luke) temeljem postavljenih kriterija.The prerequisite to achieve a high level of national security of coastal states is realised through the efficient supervision and the sea protection in order to reduce security threats and risks at sea. A significant importance carries the geographical and geostrategic deployment of coast guard maritime locations. This doctoral thesis examines and analyses relevant factors that have an impact on the effectiveness of control and protection of the rights and interests of coastal states in semi - enclosed seas. Semi - enclosed seas in the world are minutely explained. The thesis studies and analyses the organisation of relevant state administration bodies of the respective coastal state in the operational efficiency of the implementation of the control and protection of rights and interests in maritime areas. It synthesizes relevant cases of maritime border crossing violations. A thorough analysis of the safety of maritime transport is carried out. The thesis collects the result of ship, freight and passenger traffic in seaports and it provides an analytical comparison of dominant models of the organisation of coast guards in the world as well as the one of the respective country. Characteristics and limitations of the selected maritime locations in the respective semi - enclosed sea are systematically studied in relation to the spatial distribution. The proposed model for optimising the spatial distribution of coast guard resources is based on a multi criteria decision making method and is described by a mathematical multi criteria analysis model. The model integrates criteria and sub - criteria as the most important step in solving the research problem in order to result in a higher level of protection of national rights and interests of coastal states at sea. The optimisation model of the spatial distribution of coast guard resources in the semi - enclosed sea of the respective coastal state as a function of national security was developed through a systematic analysis of the defined multidimensional criteria, weighting coefficients, quantitative and qualitative measures. The crucial part of the research, realisation and development of a draft model in relation to the classical concept of spatial distribution of resources, is based on the use of the PROMETHEE methods for partial and complete ranking, GAIA method for a geometric display of results and Visual PROMETHEE Academic Edition software for the analysis of input data. The ranking of maritime locations enables the coastal state to plan and develop the maritime locations for the deployment of coast guard resources. IV It determines the priority of choice among the proposed maritime locations. The validation of the proposed optimisation model for the selection of maritime locations was carried out in northern and central geographical units of the Adriatic Sea - the eastern part although it is applicable to any other similar maritime location. The validation has confirmed the correctness of the created model since the proposed maritime locations have been ranked better in comparison to the reference ones (the existing ports) based on set criteria
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Safety Equipment, Schedules and Training of the Crew on Board
No full textU promjenjivim, te često nepredvidivim uvjetima koji se odvijaju na moru, sigurnost broda predstavlja kompleksan izazov s ciljem očuvanja ljudskog života, zaštite broda i imovine te održavanju funkcionalnih sposobnosti broda. Na pomorsku sigurnost utječu tri čimbenika: sigurnosna sredstva, rasporedi na brodu i uvježbavanje posade. U radu će se prikazati osnovni elementi neophodni časniku za obavljanje službe na siguran i ispravan način. Naglasak će se staviti na razumijevanje sigurnosti broda, kao i utjecaj novih tehnologija u pomorstvu.In diverse, often unpredictable conditions that take place at sea, ship safety represents a complex challenge with the aim of preserving human life, protecting the ship and property, as well as maintaining the functional capabilities of the ship. Maritime safety consists of three factors: safety equipment, on-bord schedules and crew training. The paper will present the basic elements necessary for an officer to perform his duties in a safe and correct manner. The emphasis will be on understanding ship safety as well as the impact of new technologies on the maritime world
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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