1,720,972 research outputs found
Case Studies on Transferring Technologies of Agribusiness-scale Production and Marketing of Asparagus and Mushrooms to Indonesia
No full textAgriculture is the main stay and the largest sector of Indonesia’s economy. Efforts have been made by the government of Indonesia to enhance food production to feed ever-increasing population in the country. Taiwan has enjoyed a high agricultural productivity through developed modern agricultural technologies in recent years. The transfer of Taiwan experienced agricultural technologies to the needy nations, becomes an important program of international technical cooperation of the ROC on Taiwan in the past 40 years.
At the request of the Indonesian government, Taiwan dispatched the Agricultural Technical Missions to Surabaya and Yogykata Provinces to help boost agricultural production in May 1976. Taiwan-assisted production of food crops and vegetables (rice, soybeans, and corn) boosted the Indonesian economy. In July 1995, Dr. Paul Min-hsien Sun, Chairman of the ROC Council of Agriculture, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Dr. Sjahrifudin Baharsjah, Indonesian Minister of Agriculture for a new phase of agricultural cooperation between the ROC on Taiwan and Indonesia. Taiwan agreed to transfer agribusiness-related knowledge and technology to the farmers in rural communities, and promote joint investment in the production, processing, and marketing of agricultural commodities.
Based on the MOU, the ROC Agricultural Technical Mission carried out cooperative projects on asparagus and mushroom production in Central Java Province. Mr. Kung-Chu Wu, an asparagus expert from Taiwan, organized the farmers in Boloyali County into six asparagus production and marketing teams. The farmers earned US 186,606 from annual harvest of the wood-ear mushrooms. Plastic bag processing station earned a total of US 7,333/year. The amount of income from Marketing through Farmer¡¦s Cooperatives totaled US 354,000/year. These are successful stories of technology transfer through international technical cooperation, jointly executed by various parties in Taiwan and Indonesia
Genetics: Analysis Of Genes For Blast Disease Resistance And Other Characters a. Analysis Of Genes For Blast Disease Resistance Caused By Piricuraria Oryzae
No full textGenetics: Analysis Of Genes For Blast Disease Resistance And Other Characters b. Analysis Of Genes For Colorations And Other Morphological Characters In Rice
No full text(9(2):1-13)GENIC ANALYSIS IN RICE I. Coloration Genes and inheritance of other characters in rice.
No full text為探討水稻稻體各部位之顏色及其他性狀之遺傳因子系統，筆者利用Jodon，長尾及高橋各氏之遺傳因子標識稻(gene markers)與臺灣蓬萊種，臺中65號等雜交，並觀察顏色及各性狀在F2之分離情形。根據長尾氏(1951)之研究，支配稻稃尖顏色之遣傳因子有C, Sp及A之三對。本試驗根據此等因子系統之假說對供試稻品種，加以分析並定各系統之遺傳因子型。
柱頭之著色一般在稃尖著色之下位(Hypostatic)而受將由C, Sp及A三因子之相互作用所產生的色素分佈至柱頭之Ps因子支配。除此之外，柱頭色又為有互助作用(Complementary)關係之I1ps及I2ps之兩對抑制因子(Inbibitors)，所支配，其中之I2ps與Sp有完全連鎖之關係，對於稃尖以外之植物體，即穎色、葉鞘、葉節及葉間等部位著色之遺傳亦認為係在稃尖著色之下位。
另外對各形態遺傳因子亦曾作研究。曲莖受ts1及ts2之兩對穩性因子支配，其中之一與Sp有連鎖關係。在Sp因子座之附近，ts1（或ts2）與ltg（長曲粒）, ts1（或ts2）與d（7237之矮性）Sp與d之間有連鎖關係，其因子之交換值(Recombination value)均有計算。植物體脆弱性(Brittle culm)，谷粒無毛(Glabrous hull)，無葉舌(Ligulelessness)，長護穎（Long empty gfumes）及散開性(Lazy)等均受單隱性因子控制，此等性狀在本研究之範圍內未能找到連鎖關係。
In order to investigate the systems of genes for colorations at various parts and other characters of the rice plant, established by Nagao and Takahashi (1951-1959) and by Jodon (1948-1955), strains designated as gene markers by these authors were crossed with a strain of Taichung No. 65, a representive Japonica variety of Taiwan. The anthocyanic coloration of apiculus is controlled by three complementary genes symboled by Nagao (1951) C, Sp and A. Their combinations in the used strains were determined first based on F2 segreation ratios. Next, the coloration of stigmas is usually hypostatic to that of apiculus. A gene Ps, which spreads the pigment produced by C, Sp and A into stigmas, was assumed for this character. It should be assumed further, however, that there are two complementary inhibitors which suppress the action of Ps, symboled I1ps and I2ps , and that the latter is linked with Sp. Further genes for colorations in other parts of the plant, i. e. glumes, leaf sheath, node and internode, which were generally hypostatic to apiculur coloration, were surveyed.
Genes for various morphological traits were also investigated in addition. The twistedness of stems was found to be controlled by duplicated recessive genes ts1 and ts2 One of them was linked with Sp. Around the Sp locus, further, linkage relations were found between ts1 (or ts2) and ltg (long twisted grain), ts1 (or ts2) and d (dwarfness in strain 7237), and between Sp and d, and recombination fractions were estimated for each. Brittleness of cuims, glabrousness of hulls, ligulelessness, long empty-glumes, and lazyness were each found to be controlled by a recessive gene. No linkage relation could be detected for them within the materials used
(19(2):1-13)利用血清反應法之稻品種間遺傳型關係之研究
No full textThree rice cultivars, Taichung (n) 1 (indica type) and Taichung 65 and Nakamura (japonica types), were used to immunize rabbits to obtain antisera. Another 37 rice cultivars from various countries were used as antigen surces for studies of antigen-antibody reactions between the two groups of cultivars.
When the antisera incited by immunization with seed protein of japonica type cultivars were titred with antigens from known japonica type cultivars, a positive precipitation reaction occurred, but no reaction was obtained with antigens from indica type cultivars. In a few cases antigens from a cultivar reacted with both indica and japonica type antisera. The antigens from these intermediate types may have had reating sites for both types of antisera or the antigen complex may have contained two antigen types, one for indica and one for japonica. These intermediate cultivars that appeared to have both indica and japonica antigens may have been selected from japonica x indica crosses.
The gel-diffusion technique showed rice cultivars within indica or within japonica could be grouped into subgroups on the basis of the pattern of their precipitated bands. There was no relationship among American rice cultivar for grain length, i.e., long, medium or short japonica and indica type.
The serological method would be useful for assigning rice cultivars to japonica or indica types and perhaps to subgroups within these types. Whether it would be useful to rice breeders to pre dictdesirable crosses must await additional study.
用臺中在來一號（印度型）及臺中65號與中村（日本型）稻品種之谷粒蛋白質為抗原（antigen），注射於家兎之靜脈內，以製造抗血清（antisera）。另外將來自世界各國的稻品種蛋白質作為抗原，進行抗原－抗體反應試驗以測定不同品種之遺傳型。
當由注射日本型稻蛋白質後所產生的抗血清與其他日本型稻蛋白質抗原混合，則發生沉降反應（Precipitation reaction），但與印度型稻抗原混合則無反應發生。有的抗原能同時對日本及印度二型抗體發生反應。此種抗原可能具有能與日本型及印度型二種抗原反應的兩個反應位置（reacting sites）。此種中間性品種可能來自日本型及印度型之雜交後代。
因寒天擴散（gel-diffusion）技術測定結果認為可以根據不同抗原及抗體間所產生沉降帶（preciptated band）之樣式而將日本型稻或印度型稻品種再分類為小羣（sub-group）。本研究結果顯示美國稻之長、中、及短粒型分類與日本型、印度型分類法並無關係存在。本研究認為血清反應法可以用來預測稻之不同遺傳型，但在雜交育種上之實際應用尚需進一步的研究
(8(2):1-5)X線對水稻農藝性狀之影響-水稻經X線處理後所發生之突然變異之第二報
No full textThe present paper describes the effect of X-rays on the agronomic characters which are generally regarded as controlled by the so-called polygenes. The seedling growth was supressed differently by the different dosages of X-rays in X1 generation, while average of plant height, tiller and ear numbers, length and weight of ears were not much different from the control, though the range of variability was increased.
臺中65號稱萌芽種子已如第一報所示方法以5,000r，7,000r，8,000r及10,000r四種X線量處理後與對照同播於玻璃室內，35天後移栽於田間。本試驗對於插秧前之苗高及收穫前後之株高，分蘗數，穗數，穗長，穗重等量性狀加以調查，觀察不同X線量對處理第一代各農藝性狀之影響，所得初步結果如下：
不同X線量對於苗高有抑制之影響，其程度概因X線量強者為甚。佐伯式(1936)曾報告說，少量的X線可促進，大量則可抑制稻之生長。在目前試驗結果表示，除7,000r處理區有稍提高平均苗高外，其他處理區均有抑制之現象，但此現象至收穫，前漸不顯明。X線量對穗長或穗數，穗重等性狀，並無良好影響，因此由X線處理而欲獲得產量高的系統似乎較為困難。
一般而言，量性狀通常受所謂數量因子(Polygenes)所支配，其對變異的影響被認為較環境因子之影響為小。此等數量因子在育種上甚為重要，而如何受放射線之影響一事實需繼續深加研究。本試驗初步的結果表示，經處理後之各量性狀之變異較未處理者為大
(7(3):51-61)STUDIES ON THE HYBRID STERILITY IN RICE (I) Cytological Investigation of the Hybrid Sterility between Indica and Japonica Varieties of Rice, Oryza sativa, L.
No full text遠緣的水稻間常產生不同程度的雜種不稔性，其原因之解釋有基於配偶子發育因子成雙隱性時阻碍配偶子之發育所致者及在雜種內發生染色體倒置之兩種主要假說。本試驗之目的貢探討染色體倒置假說之真實性。
利用蒐集自世界各地之屬於印度型及日本型的稻種33品種及其間之雜種29個組合為材料觀察其花粉母系細胞之染色體行為。在肥厚期及第一中期所觀察之染色體之配對正常，惟約以1%之頻度發生1~2對相同染色體(Homologus chromosome)早期分離所生的單價染色體。此外在第一中期出現1~4個”Streched chromosome”但親本與F1間無顯著之差異。
在第一後期的部分花粉母細胞內出現1或2個染色體橋，在所看染色體橋中半數有斷片而另半數未能看出斷片。親本與F1雜種染色體橋之出現頻度在統計上並無顯著之差異。染色體橋之出現頻度與不稔率之問在統計上無顯著的相關，故染色體橋可能對不稔率無影響。又求父母親本與F1雜種之染色體橋發生頻度之複相關結果表示染色體橋形成傾向可能為遺傳性並可遺傳至下一代。本研究基於純系親本及其間之雜種內均產生倒置之點認為此種倒置不能代表在雜種內產生染色體倒置雜性(Inversion heterozygosity)。
Hybrids between distant varieties of rice show various degrees of sterility. For discussing the cause of sterility, there are two main hypotheses: e. i. the sterility is gametic and can be explained by a set or sets of duplicate genes which in double recessive combinations upset the development of gametes at a certain stage, and secondary, in view of the appearance of chromosomal bridges at meiotic anaphase, inversion is considered to be involved. The present work was undertaken in order to examine the reliability of the “Inversion hypothesis”.
33 rice varieties collected from different countries and 29 F1 combinations among them were used to study meiotic behaviour of pollen mother cells.
No disturbance in chromosome pairing was found in both parental varieties and F1 plants. One to four so-called “streched chromosomes” were found in parental varieties and their F1 plants. It might be attributed to a precocious anaphasic separation of bivalent chromosomes at mataphase-I. No significant difference in the frequency was found between parents and F1 plants.
One or two bridges were found in a part of pollen mother cells at anaphase-I. Though the parental strains had a lower frequency than F1 plants, the difference in frequency was statistically not significant. The frequency of occurrence of bridges showed no significant correlation with seed or pollen sterility. It seems that the chromosomal bridge may have nothing to do with the sterility in F1 plants.
It was found that the multiple correlation between F1 and parental plant was just at the fringe of 5% significance. It then seemed that the tendency to bridge formation is characteristic of genotypes and is heritable. Since bridges were seen in both parental pure lines and their hybrid plants, it may be said in conclusion that bridge might not necessarily indicate the presence of inversion heterozygosity in hybrids. It was assumed that small homologus segments are scattered on the same chromomsome which sometimes bring about an inversion like abnormal pairing
(32(1):14-22)Improvement of Grain Quality in Rice－II. Genetical Studies on Gel Consistency and Amylose Content
No full text本研究使用嘉農秈11 號× 臺農67 號及臺南5 號× 臺中在來1 號等兩個秈稉異型稻間之雜交F2集團為材料，測定各單株米粒之顆粒澱粉含量及膠體硬度等兩個主要食用品質性狀，以闡述秈稉雜交後代米粒食用品質之遺傳行為，結果獲知：
1. 兩雜交組合F2集團膠體硬度之頻度分布為具尖峰之偏歪分布，且均可分成3 高硬度：1 低硬度之比例，符合孟德爾氏單性雜種分離之遺傳理論。
2. 兩雜交組合F2集團顆粒澱粉含量的頻度呈常態分布，唯分布之平均恰落在低含量親本均值附近，且有相當多數之個體向左超越低含量之親本，顯示顆粒澱粉含量雖屬量的性狀，但仍極易選獲具有理想顆粒澱粉含量之單株。
3. 在嘉農秈11 號× 臺農67 號組合，穀殼苯酷反應陰性者之膠體硬度之平均值（41.7mm）顯著地高於陽性反應者（36.6mm）。表示陽性反應者（一般為秈稻）之米粉膠體較硬；陰性反應者（一般為稉稻）較輭。但陽性與陰性反應二群之顆粒澱粉含量平均依次為19%與18.6%，並無差異存在。
4. 膠體硬度與顆粒澱粉含量成極顯著之負相關；而兩者與其他產量構成性狀則無相關關係。
5. 膠體硬度及顆粒澱粉含量之廣義遺傳率值均很高，膠體硬度約90%左右，顆粒澱粉含量則在77%之譜。
Two eating qualities of rice, gel consistency and amylose content were studied genetically with the F2 populations of the crosses Chianung-Sen 11 (indica type) × Tainung 67 (japonica type) and Tainan 5 (japonica type) × Taichung (N) 1 (indica type). The results are summarized as follows:
1. The gel consistency in F2 showed a bimodal distribution curve and skew to left pattern which is in agreement with a segregation ratio of 3 low gel consistency (hard) to 1 high gel consistency (soft). This indicates that the low gel consistency is controlled by a pair of dominant gene.
2. The amylose content in F2 showed a normal distribution pattern indicating the polygenic nature of inheritance for this character. A considerable number of plants falls in the classes of low amylose (7%-17%) indicating that the chance of selecting low amylose individuals from the F2 population is relatively great.
3. In the cross of indica × japonica rices, the progenies which showed the positive reaction to phenol staining (to rough rice) had a smaller mean value (36.6mm), while those with the negative phenol reaction and a larger mean value (41.7mm) of gel consistency. This indicated that the rice with positive phenol reaction (usually indica type ) has the harder taste while that with negative phenol reaction (usually japonica type) has a softer taste when cooked.
4. A significant negative correlation between gel consistentcy and amylose content was observed. But they were not correlated with other agronomic characters.
5. The broad sense heritability values for gel consistency and amylose content were found to be very high being 90% and 77% respectively, indicating that selection for these two characters in the early generation is effective
Inheritance Of Resistance To Different Races Of Piricularia Oryzae Part III
No full text1) The F2 and F3 hybrids between 28 japonica rice strains were tested for blast disease resistance by using four different races, 4, 13, 22 and 25. Spore suspension was inoculated with rice seedlings at the five-leaf stage by using both spraying and injection methods.
2) The resistance to the four races were found to be each controlled by a resistant gene. The four resistance genes found, Pi4, Pi13, Pi2 and Pi25 were independent of one another in some cases. Also they were not linked with marker genes involved in the crosses, A,P, Ps, lg, Bf, I-Bf, d2, Rc and Ph.
3) The resistances to leaf and neck blasts widely varied due to variety, year, crop season and location. In 81% of strains so far tested, leaf and neck resistances were correlated, and appeared to be controlled by the same genes. In the remaining 19%, the leaf and neck resistances were not correlated. Whether or not this is due to the occurrence of different races remains unknown
- …
