1,720,976 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A resposta imune a glicolípidos de micobactérias na tuberculose
Get PDFTese de doutoramento em Ciências da SaúdeA tuberculose (TB) é uma doença infecciosa que continua sendo um importante problema de
saúde pública, apesar de todos os esforços para eliminá-la, sendo a principal causa de morte por
um único agente infeccioso após a COVID-19. Após exposição à bacteria Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (Mtb), o sistema imunológico do hospedeiro pode eliminar a bactéria, controlar seu
crescimento levando a tuberculose latente (TBL) ou não conter a infecção resultando em
tuberculose ativa (TBA). Dado que apenas cerca de 5-10% dos indivíduos infectados latentemente
irão progredir para TBA, a latência pode ser vista como um fenótipo na sua maioria protetor.
Identificar os indivíduos com TBL que estão em risco de evoluir para ATB é de extrema importância
na prevenção da TB. Os glicolipídios micobacterianos fosfatidilinositol manosídeo (PIM) e
lipoarabinomanano (LAM) são abundantes na parede celular de Mtb e sabe-se que têm
propriedades imunomoduladoras. No entanto, a resposta imune aos glicolipídios de Mtb em
diferentes estágios da infecção por Mtb não tem sido muito explorada. Para resolver este problema,
realizámos uma análise detalhada da resposta in vitro de células mononucleares do sangue
periférico (PBMCs) de indivíduos com TBL e TBA para glicolipídios Mtb. Além disso, caracterizámos
o perfil das PBMCs e avaliámos a função das células NK em indivíduos infectados com Mtb e
comparámos com controles saudáveis.
Identificámos vários clusters de células mieloides, NK, B e T que responderam aos glicolipídios de
Mtb produzindo diferentes padrões de citocinas. A resposta foi caracterizada por menor número
de células mieloides produtoras de citocinas em indivíduos infectados por Mtb, mais proeminente
em indivíduos com TBL em comparação com controlos saudáveis. Em células não estimuladas,
as frequências de subpopulações de células NK foram semelhantes entre os grupos, mas uma
investigação mais aprofundada da função destas células mostrou que indivíduos com TBL têm a
função destas células comprometida, no que diz respeito à produção de citocinas, em comparação
com indivíduos com TBA e/ou controlos saudáveis.
Estes resultados apontam para uma hiporresponsividade das células inatas em termos de
produção de citocinas em indivíduos infectados latentemente com Mtb em resposta aos
glicolipídios de Mtb. Uma investigação mais aprofundada dos mecanismos subjacentes a esta
resposta pode fornecer informações sobre marcadores imunológicos da proteção natural contra a
infecção por Mtb. A identificação de tais marcadores pode ajudar a melhorar testes de diagnóstico,
estratégias de intervenção, terapia preventiva e investigação de novas vacinas.Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that remains a significant public health problem, despite
all the efforts to eliminate it, being the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent after
COVID-19. Upon exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) the host immune system might
clear the bacteria, control its growth leading to latent tuberculosis (LTB), or fail to contain the
infection resulting in active tuberculosis (ATB). Given that only about 5-10% of latently infected
individuals will progress to ATB, latency can potentially be viewed as a generally protective
phenotype. Identifying the individuals with LTB that are at risk of progressing to ATB is of great
importance in TB prevention. The mycobacterial glycolipids phosphatidylinositol mannoside (PIM)
and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) are abundant in the Mtb cell wall and are known to have
immunomodulatory properties. However, the immune response to Mtb glycolipids in different
stages of Mtb infection is poorly understood. To address this issue, we performed an in-depth
analysis of the in vitro response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from individuals
with LTB and ATB to Mtb glycolipids. Moreover, we profiled PBMCs and assessed NK cell function
in individuals with LTB, and ATB and compared with healthy controls.
We identified various clusters of myeloid, NK, B, and T cells that responded to Mtb glycolipids by
producing different patterns of cytokines. The response was characterised by lower numbers of
cytokine-producing myeloid cells in Mtb-infected individuals, more prominent in individuals with
LTB compared with healthy controls. In non-stimulated cells, frequencies of NK subsets were
similar between groups, but further investigation of NK function showed that individuals with LTB
had diminished NK cell function in terms of cytokine production, compared to individuals with ATB
and/or healthy controls.
Our results point towards an innate immune hyporesponsiveness in terms of cytokine production
in individuals latently infected with Mtb in response to Mtb glycolipids. Further investigation of the
mechanisms underlying this response may provide insights into the immunological features of
natural protection against infection by Mtb. Eventually, identifying markers of such protection may
help improve diagnostic tests, intervention strategies, preventive therapy, and vaccine research.Financial support was provided by grants from the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT) - Doctoral Fellowship to Carolina Silva (PD/BDE/142976/2018); by the project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000039,
supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL
2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund and by national funds,
through the FCT - project UIDB/50026/2020 and UIDP/50026/2020; by the Swedish Research Council
(2021-03706) and (2020-03602); and by the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation (20180386 and
20200194)
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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