1,720,977 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Atterrissage, enfoncement et roulage sur la surface de petits corps du système solaire
No full textSi l’observation depuis la Terre a pu révéler le grand nombre et la diversité des petits corps du système solaire, seule leur exploration in-situ permettra de répondre aux questions qu’ils soulèvent aujourd’hui sur leur composition physique et chimique. Cela explique la recrudescence de missions dédiées aux petits corps (Osiris-Rex, Hayabusa-2, Mars Moon Explorer, etc.) ainsi que les efforts déployés par les agences internationales (DLR, NASA, JAXA) pour permettre l’exploration de leur surface. De par leur faible gravité (entre 10-6 et 10-2 g) les astéroïdes (e.g. Eros), les comètes (e.g. Churyumov-Gerasimenko) et les petits satellites (e.g. Phobos) se révèlent des candidats difficiles pour une mobilité de surface. En milligravité (i.e. autour de 10-3g), le poids très faible d’un véhicule ne permet des tractions que 1,000 fois plus faibles que celles dont bénéficient les rovers martiens et lunaires. Surtout, le comportement du régolithe des petits corps est peu compris et donc difficile à prévoir, notamment à cause du rôle majeur joué par les forces de cohésion à ces échelles de gravité. Le comportement du régolithe tient alors davantage à celui d’une poudre cohésive comme la farine qu’à celui d’un gravier fin. Cette thèse explorera donc la faisabilité et la performance attendue d’un véhicule à roue à la surface d’un petit corps. L’étude reposera sur la modélisation du sol par méthodes à éléments discrets (DEM). Cette approche consiste à simuler l’interaction détaillée des grains de régolithe un-à-un (friction, résistance au roulement, cohésion, etc.). A partir d’un code DEM préexistant (e.g. ESyS-Particle) qui sera identifié au commencement de l’étude, la thèse examinera et implémentera les modifications nécessaires à apporter pour modéliser les interactions spécifiques d’une roue avec le régolithe d’un petit corps. L’étape de modélisation franchie, la thèse appliquera l’outil développé à la résolution du problème du roulage : traction et manœuvrabilité (simplifiée) dans différents types de régolithe, à différents niveaux de gravité. Les travaux seront conduits avec l’ISAE-Supaéro : l’encadrante est une experte du régolithe des petits corps, des méthodes DEM ainsi que du développement d’expériences (vols paraboliques, tours de chute) permettant la validation des simulations numériques. Au terme de la thèse, nous aurons répondu aux questions suivantes : quelle est la force de traction que l’on peut attendre d’un régolithe en milligravité ? comment cette traction évolue-t-elle quand la gravité change ? comment la cohésion du régolithe affecte-elle l’écoulement autour de la roue ? Ces réponses nous permettront de déterminer le seuil de gravité minimum, selon le régolithe attendu, en dessous duquel le roulage devient impraticable ou trop inefficace pour être préféré à d’autres solutions (e.g. les « hoppers » Mascot (DLR), Hedgehog (JPL) ou Minerva (JAXA)). Les missions vers les petits corps constituent des opportunités de collaborations inter-agences très intéressantes et abordables en coût et en complexité. La compétence sur la locomotion en milligravité peut se révéler cruciale pour participer en tant que partenaire à ce genre de mission. C’est également un domaine de coopération actif entre le CNES (à DSO/DV/IF) et le DLR (à Oberpfaffenhofen) qui a déjà une certaine expérience dans le domaine avec leurs outils de simulation multi-corps et leurs outils de modélisation DEM. Cette thèse consoliderait l’axe d’étude et cette coopération.Even though observations from the Earth have revealed the great number and diversity of small bodies (asteroids and comets) in the Solar System, only an in-situ exploration of these bodies, accompanied if possible by a sample return, can answer many of the open questions today about their physical and chemical composition. This explains the resurgence of missions dedicated to small bodies (OSIRIS-REx, Hayabusa-2, Mars Moon Explorer, etc.) and the efforts of international space agencies (ESA, NASA, JAXA, DLR, CNES) to explore their surfaces. Asteroids (e.g. Eros), comets (e.g. Churyumov-Gerasimenko), and small satellites (e.g. the Martian moon Phobos) prove to be difficult candidates for surface mobility due to their low gravity (100 to a million times lower than the gravity of the Earth, g). In milli-gravity (i.e. around 10-3 g), the very low weight of a vehicle means that the traction is 1,000 times lower than that of the Martian and lunar rovers. Additionally, the behaviour of the regolith (the layer of more or less fine grains found on the surface of these bodies) of the small bodies is poorly understood and is, therefore, difficult to predict. This is especially true because the properties of the regolith are often unknown before we arrive at the body, and also due to the potentially major role played by cohesive forces at these levels of gravity: the behaviour of the regolith may actually be more like that of a cohesive powder than that of a fine gravel. This thesis will, therefore, explore the feasibility and the expected performance of a wheeled vehicle on the surface of a small body. The study will be based on soil modeling using discrete element methods (DEM). This approach consists in simulating the detailed interaction between individual regolith grains (friction, rolling resistance, cohesion, etc.). From a pre-existing DEM code that will be identified at the beginning of the study, the thesis will examine and implement the necessary modifications to model the specific interactions of a wheel with the regolith of a small body. Once the modeling step has been completed, the thesis will apply the tool developed to solve the problem of rolling: traction and (simplified) maneuverability in different types of regolith, at different levels of gravity. During this thesis, we will tackle the following questions: what is the traction force that one can expect from a regolith in milligravity? How does this traction evolve when gravity changes? How do the characteristics of the regolith flow and the resulting tracks at the surface vary with the regolith properties? How do the cohesion of the regolith and the wheel geometry affect the flow around the wheel? These studies will allow us to determine the minimum gravity threshold, depending on the expected regolith, below which rolling becomes impracticable or too inefficient to be preferred to other solutions such as Mascot hoppers (DLR), Hedgehog (JPL) or Minerva (JAXA)
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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