524 research outputs found
Financial integration of NAFTA : measurement and analysis of the North American financial markets convergence / Yueming (Roy) Sun
No full textvii, 67 leaves ; 29 cmApplying market arbitrage theory on daily data, we measure the empirical financial market convergence of NAFTA’s financial markets since 1994. Radar diagram and wavelet multi-resolution analysis (MRA) scalogram movies of the statistical moments of the term interest rate differentials visualize the multidimensional convergence. From the radar movies, we find: 1) a uniform disappearance of the average forward premia; 2) a non-uniform decline of bilateral financial market risk; 3) variation of bilateral financial market pressure measured by skewness; and 4) emergence of uniform market microstructures as measured by vanishing excess-kurtosis. From the MRA movies, we find that the national term structures of interest rates converge, since the stochastic resonance coefficients of the interest rate differentials lose significance: market energy at all frequencies dissipates into “white noise.” Testing Obrimah, Prakash and Rangan’s (2009) Lemma, we find that, after 2002, higher financial flow pressure is a necessary condition for lower financial market risk
러시아-카자흐스탄-중국 철도협력을 중심으로
No full text학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 사회과학대학 정치외교학부(외교학전공), 2019. 2. 신범식.광활한 육지면적을 가지는 유라시아 대륙에서 교통망 구축에 대한 필요성이 인식되는 가운데, 국제기구 또는 유라시아 주요국을 중심으로 유라시아 지역에서 수많은 육상 교통회랑 구축 프로젝트가 제시되었다. 그 중에서도 러시아-카자흐스탄-중국 구간의 국제교통회랑의 활성화 정도가 높아 국제적으로 이에 대한 관심이 커가고 있다. 국제교통회랑은 국경을 넘어 국가 간 연계를 강화하는 것으로 국가들의 강한 협력 의지와 복잡한 협력 과정이 필요하다. 본 연구는 러-카-중 국제교통회랑 협력을 가능케 해준 협력 틀이 어떻게 작동하였는지에 대한 의문을 갖고 이를 설명하고자 한다. 이를 위해 교통회랑 협력에 대한 각국의 정책을 살펴보고, 국가 간 협력 틀을 파악하면서 이에 이루어지는 소다자 협력 관계가 교통회랑협력 그리고 지역협력에 지니는 영향이 무엇인지를 밝히고자 한다.
1992년 이래 러·카·중 3국이 국제교통회랑에 대한 정책과 유라시아지역에 대한 비전들은 3국 교통회랑협력 추진의 이니셔티브로 작용하였다. 이러한 정책과 비전을 기반으로 3국이 다양한 협력 형식을 통해 회랑의 활성화를 위해 노력해 왔다. 3국 간 협력 틀은 주로 양자협력, 지역 다자협력, 국제 다자협력으로 이루어졌다. 그 중 양자 협력은 정부 및 부서 간 협정체결, 혹은 협력부서를 설립하는 형식으로 운송의 정책 방향, 운송에 대한 구체적인 사항을 규정하고 세밀한 협력 특징을 가지고 있다. 지역 다자협력은 러·중+중앙아시아 국가의 형식에서 상하이협력기구로 발전되어 지역 특성에 맞는 협력을 진행해왔으며, 국제적 협력은 법적 기반 마련, 총괄적인 교통회랑 정책의 출시와 발전 전략의 수립 및 조직하는 역할을 수행한다.
이러한 협력 틀에 참여 또한 틀을 활용하는 과정에서 러·카·중 3국이 일정한 소다자 협력을 이루었고 이러한 협력이 해당 교통회랑의 발전방향을 이끌어내고 있다. 소다자 협력의 작동을 보여주기 위해 본 연구에서는 교통회랑의 발전 상황을 3시기로 나누었다. 즉 ①1992-1999년 3국의 소다자 협력 미진 시기, ②2001-2012년 소다자 협력 작동 시기, ③2013년 이후부터 소다자 협력의 새로운 도전 시기이다. 1시기는 중국과 카자흐스탄의 주도와 러시아의 수동적 태도로 소다자 협력이 형성되지 못했고, 이로 인해 3국 간 철도는 충분히 활성화되지 못하였다. 2시기에 러시아는 협력에 대해 능동적인 태도로 전환하여 지속적으로 협력을 추진하는 중국, 카자흐스탄과 협력을 이루었다. 이에 따라 3국 간 교통회랑 물동량이 늘어나는 동시에 무역량도 급속히 증가되었다. 3시기에 들어 중국이 일대일로 전략구상을 제시하면서 3국 협력에서의 주도적 역할이 본격화되었다. 이에 따라 러시아는 중국을 지지하면서도 동시에 중국을 경계하는 전략을 취하였고, 카자흐스탄은 중국과의 협력을 도모하는 한편 러시아와 긴밀한 관계를 유지하였다. 이를 통해 중국은 화물조달, 인프라 투자 등에서 주도권을 확보했을 뿐만 아니라, 소다자 협력을 새로운 단계로 진입시켰다.
3국의 협력 사례를 통해 철도협력은 국가의 지역 정책과 국가 간 관계와 긴밀한 연관성이 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 하지만 자국의 교통운송 분야에서 특정한 이익을 고려해야 할 때 외교정책과 불일치하는 경우가 있다. 따라서 철도협력을 둘러싼 3국의 협력은 국가의 지역 정책과 교통운송에 대한 고려를 동시에 반응하는 것이다. 본문은 이러한 각 국의 의도가 투사되어 형성되는 소다자 협력이 결국 철도협력의 발전 방향을 결정하게 된다는 점을 강조한다. 그 중에서도 두 개의 강대국인 러시아와 중국이 협력의 성격과 발전방향을 주도하였고, 중견국인 카자흐스탄은 자국의 유리한 지정학적 위치를 충분히 이용하여 균형자 역할을 수행해 왔다. 본 연구를 통해 국제협력에서 소다자 주의로 접근하려는 국가들에게 함의를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.Numerous traffic corridor construction projects have been proposed in Eurasia, owing to the realization by international organizations and major Eurasian countries that a transport network should be built on the Eurasian continent which possesses immense land masses. Amongst these projects, the international traffic corridor project of Russia-Kazakhstan-China is so highly activated that it has attracted vast attention across the globe. It is vital to evoke the motivation of relevant countries to cooperate and stimulate their complex practice because in order to construct international traffic corridors, the linkages should be strengthened between countries across borders. Under this kind of background, the purpose of this study is to clarify the question of how the cooperation framework that enabled the cooperation of the international traffic corridor between Russia, Kazakhstan and China was operated. Firstly, we will take a look at policies of each country on the cooperation of the traffic corridor. Secondly, the cooperation framework between three countries would be identified. Thereafter, implications would be obtained from studying how the mini-lateral cooperation influenced the cooperation of the traffic corridor and the regional relations.
Ever since 1992, Russia, Kazakhstan and China have been working on the policies for international traffic corridors with their vision of the Eurasian region, deeming it an initiative to promote cooperationon corridors. Based on these policies and visions, three countries have sought to revitalize corridors through various forms of cooperation. The forms could be divided into three: bilateral cooperation in a large part, regional multilateral cooperation and international multilateral cooperation. In the middle of them, bilateral cooperation stipulates specific directions for transportation policy through agreements achieved by governments and lower-levels, or by establishing cooperation departments, with a character of intimate liaison. Regional multilateral cooperation is developed from the form of Russia, China plus Central Asia countries to Shanghai Cooperation Organization and is relayed with a character of regional cooperation. International cooperation is the foundation of legal basis, helping with the expansion of comprehensive traffic corridor policy and the number of development strategies.
During the process of participating in this cooperation framework and utilizing the framework, three countries have achieved a certain mini-lateral cooperation which is decisive to the development direction of the traffic corridor. In order to illustrate the mechanism of mini-lateral cooperation, this study divided the development of traffi ccorridor into three periods. (1) 1992-1999: a period of mini-lateral cooperation non-developed, (2) 2000-2012: a period of mini-lateral cooperation functioning, (3) after 2013: a period of new challenge faced by mini-lateral cooperation. During the first period, the mini-lateral cooperation was not formed owing to the passive attitude of Russia. As a result, the railway between the three countries was not fully activated. In the second period, Russia started to be actively engaged in cooperationMeanwhile, China and Kazakhstan continued to cooperate. Therefore, trade volumes between the thre ecountries increased rapidly. Over the third period, China has been playing a leading role in the mini-lateral cooperation by presenting the 'One Belt One Road' initiative, bringing out that Russia supported China while at the same timetaking a strategy to alert China. Besides, Kazakhstan maintained close relations with Russia while promoting cooperation with China. Through this, China not only acquired the leadership in cargo procurement and infrastructure investment, but also push the mini-lateral cooperation into a new stage.
Through cooperation between the three countries, it can be inferred that railway cooperation is closely related to the regional policy of the state and the relations between the countries. However, in some cases, transportation policies are inconsistent with foreign policies, especially when it is necessary to consider certain benefits in the field of transportation. Therefore, the railway cooperation of three countries shows the simultaneous consideration of regional and traffic transportation policies of nations. The study emphasizes that the mini-lateral cooperation, which is combined with the intentions of these three countries, ultimately determines the development direction of railway cooperation. Two major powers, Russia and China, led the development of cooperation, and Kazakhstan, a middle power state, played a role as a balancer by taking full advantage of its favorable geopolitical position. This study is expected to provide implications to countries seeking mini-lateral cooperation approach in international cooperation.목 차
I. 서론1
1. 문제제기 1
2. 기존연구5
3. 연구시기 및 연구방법8
4. 연구 구성9
II. 러-카-중 유라시아 교통운송협력 정책의 기본 방향 12
1. 러시아· 철도산업 중시와 동방정책의 강화 12
2. 카자흐스탄· 내륙 고립을 넘어 세계경제권으로16
3. 중국· 서부대개발로부터 서진 정책으로19
III. 러-카-중 교통회랑 협력의 틀25
1. 양자적 교통운송 협력 추진25
2. 중앙유라시아 지역 협력29
3. 철도협력기구 및 기타 국제협력32
1) 철도협력기구(OSJD)32
2) 기타 국제협력35
IV. 러-카-중 교통회랑 구축과 소다자 협력38
1. 1992-1999년 미진한 소다자 협력38
1) 러-카-중 3국 관계의 형성38
2) 중-카 주도한 3국의 철도협력43
3) 평가47
2. 2000-2012년 소다자 협력의 작동50
1) 러-카-중 관계의 제도화50
2) 소다자 철도협력 작동의 시작54
3) 평가61
3. 2013년 이후 소다자 협력의 새로운 도전64
1) 중국 일대일로전략의 등장과 러시아·카자흐스탄의 대응 64
2) 소다자 교통협력의 새로운 진전66
3) 평가71
4. 소결75
V. 결론78
참고문헌81
Abstract89Maste
Consumers’ Attitudes towards Surcharges on Distributed Renewable Energy Generation and Energy Efficiency Programs
No full textabstract: Increasing penetration of energy efficiency programs and distributed renewable energy generation has imposed significant challenges for utilities to recoup their large upfront costs. There is a heated debate on what surcharges should be implemented to help the utilities recover their fixed costs; however, very few studies focus on consumers’ attitudes regarding this topic. This study surveys about 190 residential consumers throughout the United States in November 2015, investigating their preferences and attitudes towards extra demand charges and volumetric energy price increases. We apply probit models and regress consumers’ attitudes on selected socio-demographic and behavioral variables. The results indicate the homeowners are more likely to prefer demand charges when compared to renters. The demographic and behavioral factors impact consumers’ perception of bill savings from energy efficiency programs or solar panel installation and also influence how consumers perceive the fairness of utilities recovering revenue losses by increasing volumetric energy price. In this paper, we demonstrate there is preference heterogeneity among consumers and that policy makers should be aware of such preference heterogeneity and apply policy targeting based on the identified demographics and behavioral factors impacting consumer preferences.The final version of this article, as published in Sustainability, can be viewed online at: http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/8/147
Peer Effects and Voluntary Green Building Certification
No full textabstract: Empirical evidence is provided to show that peer effects have statistically significant and positive impacts on the diffusion of green building certificates. Application and approval records of green certificates by commercial buildings in NY and AZ are used. The challenge of self-selection is addressed by the usage of fixed effects and the challenge of reflection is addressed by the time lag delay between a building’s application and its approval. Empirical results show that an additional approved LEED certificate within a zip code will increase the probability of a commercial building in the same zip code to apply for a LEED certificate by 3–4 percentage points; an additional approved Energy Star certificate within a zip code will increase the probability of a commercial building in the same zip code to apply for an Energy Star certificate by 1–2 percentage points
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Recommendation in Dialogue Systems
No full textDialogue system has been an active research field for decades and is developing fast in recent years, due to the recent breakthrough of the deep learning techniques. How to make recommendations in dialogue systems is attracting increasing attention because such systems could meet various user information needs and have much commercial potential.Current dialogue system researches typically focus on building systems for social conversation, question answering, and performing specific tasks. However, making recommendations to users, as important information need, has not been intensively researched. Meanwhile, traditional recommender systems are usually developed for non-conversation scenarios. In this dissertation, we explore how to integrate these two systems into one framework that specifically aims at making recommendations in dialogues. Such a system helps users find items by chatting with users to understand their preferences and recommending accordingly.First, we build conversational recommendation datasets, because existing dialogue datasets do not have user-item preference information or the dialogue utterances discussing facets of items, and current recommendation datasets do not have dialogue scripts associated with each user-item pair. We build the datasets by requesting crowdsourcing workers to compose dialogue utterances based on schemas and then use the delexicalization approach to simulate dialogues with the collected utterances. The datasets are used to train the natural language understanding component and provide recommendation information for our system.Based on collected datasets, we propose a reinforcement learning based conversational recommendation framework. Such a framework has three components, a belief tracker, a dialogue manager, and a recommender. The dialogue agent learns to first chat with a user to understand her preferences, and when it feels confident enough, it recommends a list of items to the user. We conduct both offline and online experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework.We further extend this framework with a personalized probabilistic recommender module. This recommender learns to predict the probability of a user likes an item given the dialogue utterance information and the personalized user preference information. By leveraging this hybrid information, the recommendation and dialogue performances are further improved. We evaluate the dialogue agent's strength in various simulated environments as well as in online user studies and demonstrate the advantages of this approach
Controlled Manipulation of Droplets on Fibers: Fundamentals and Printing Applications
No full textIn this dissertation, the drop interactions with a single fiber is discussed under an application angle for the development on new Drop-on-Demand (DOD) printhead using a fiber-in-a-tube platform[1] to print highly viscous materials[2]. To control the drop formation and manipulation on fiber, one needs to know how the fiber wetting properties and the fiber diameter influence drop formation. And then, one needs to know the effects of fiber movement in the device on drop formation. These two questions constitute the main theme of this dissertation.
Before this study, it was accepted that the liquids could not form axisymmetric droplets if the liquid drop makes the contact angle greater than 90 degrees on a flat substrate of the same material. In Chapter 2, all possible configurations of an axisymmetric drop wrapping up the fiber were analyzed rigorously by studying all solutions of the Laplace equation of capillarity for small droplets for which gravity is insignificant. In Chapter 3, an experimental analysis of morphological transitions of droplet configurations has been systematically conducted. When the droplets are large and are able to wrap up the fiber, they form barreled configurations; when the volume of droplets is small, the barrels cannot be formed and droplets rest as clamshells on the fiber side. With these analyses in hands, one can design of a fiber-in-a-tube printhead taking advantage of the established diagrams for formation of barreled droplets.
Drop-on-demand (DOD) printing is a versatile manufacturing tool, which has been widely used in applications ranging from graphic products to manufacturing of ceramics, even for cell engineering. However, the existing DOD methods cannot be applied for highly viscous materials: the printing technologies are typically limited to the inks with the water level viscosity and fall short of ejecting jets from thick fluids and breaking them into droplets. To address this challenge, a new wire-in-a-tube technology for drop generation has been developed replacing the nozzle generator with a wire-in-a-tube drop generator. In Chapter 4, we introduce the wire-in-a-tube generator and show successful printing results of droplets on-demand from highly viscous (~10 Pa*s) liquids. In Chapter 5, we study the drop formation mechanisms in the wire-in-a-tube drop generators. These mechanisms couple unique fluid mechanics, capillarity, and wetting phenomena providing a new platform that can be used in different microfluidic applications
Parameter Identification, Simulation, Linearization and Validation of a Ship Propulsion System
No full textThis Thesis is written to obtain the Master of Science degree of Maritime Technology at Delft University of Technology. It describes a research regarding with the calibration(parameter identification), validation and linearization of a ship propulsion system model. In the meantime, the Thesis is also one sub-project under the research program "Potential of Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulation in the Towing Tank" held by Dr.Ir.A.Vrijdag. HIL (Hardware-In-the-Loop) Simulation is widely used in Engineering Technology Field, and has been proved to be a very effective, highly-efficient, economical and environmental friendly strategy in the test and development of engineering control systems. The model scale ship tests nowadays, on the other hand, need to be improved and HIL Simulation provides an innovative & creative way, therefore it is reasonable to start the program and explore more in this field
Fingerprinting the ship propulsion system: low hanging fruit or mission impossible?
No full textIn this paper the concept of ship propulsion system “fingerprinting” is explored as an alternative for data driven models that require extensive measured datasets collected over long periods of ship operation. As a first exploratory step a model of a ship in bollard pull conditions is linearised and its transfer functions are determined. Subsequently limited experimental data, involving sinusoidal excitation of the system input at a wide range of frequencies, is used to determine the system parameters. The resulting parameter estimates compare well against previously determined values. Although the developed ideas are far from ready to be used on full scale, the authors believe that the approach is promising enough to be developed further towards full scale application.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Ship Design, Production and Operation
AC Loss Research of REBCO High-Tc Superconductors Carrying a DC Current in an AC Magnetic Field
No full textAbstractREBCO (REBa2Cu3O7-d, RE stands for rare earth) high temperature superconducting (HTS) coated conductors (CCs) have become the preferred wire choice for HTS applications due to their high current carrying capacity and advanced mechanical properties. In many HTS applications such as HTS synchronous motors, HTS flux pumps and HTS persistent current switches, REBCO CCs, stacks and coils carry DC currents in an AC magnetic field environment, generating AC loss comprising of dynamic loss component arising from dynamic resistance and the magnetization loss component due to the shielding currents.
AC loss behaviours of commercial-available REBCO CCs in such operating conditions haven’t been fully explored with the most prominent research question of how the AC loss and each loss component evolve and behave in the single REBCO CC, REBCO stacks and REBCO coils at different temperatures with various operating conditions. Other interesting open questions are also put forward to underpin relevant engineering applications: how the shielding effect of REBCO CCs influences the eddy current loss in adjacent copper layers at various field orientation; what kind of inherent correlation exists between the asymmetric field-orientation-dependent critical current characteristics and the magnetization loss behaviors; and how the loss behaviours in REBCO stacks and coils differentiate from the REBCO CC; what’s the difference between the REBCO racetrack coil and the REBCO double pancake coil regarding characteristics of the critical current, magnetization loss, dynamic resistance and AC loss under the condition of the combined DC current with the AC magnetic field.
This thesis aims to underpin the REBCO HTS applications and reveal the underlying AC loss mechanism through systematically experimental and numerical research on AC loss and dynamic resistance in REBCO CCs, REBCO stacks and REBCO coils that operate at various electromagnetic conditions and temperatures (65 K ~ 77 K). This research has revealed many new phenomena in the loss evolution process and reached illuminating conclusions.
We uncover the shielding effect of REBCO CCs under various field orientations is dominated by the perpendicular magnetic field component, and so does the reduced eddy current loss in the adjacent copper layers of the copper-superconductor stacks. When exploring the role of asymmetric field-orientation-dependent critical current on the magnetization loss of REBCO CCs, we reveal that the asymmetry of critical current about the ab-peak within the 360 full-field-angle range causes differences in magnetization loss values at the field angles which are in mirror symmetry relative to the ab-plane. Furthermore, it is surprising and contradicting to find that magnetization loss at any given field orientation is unequal between the positive and the negative half-field cycle due to the asymmetry of critical current upon the field reversal. The asymmetric field-orientation dependence of both critical current and magnetization loss becomes more obvious with the increasing magnetic field amplitudes and the decreasing temperatures.
The complicated AC loss evolution process in REBCO CCs under AC magnetic fields and DC currents is probed by demonstrating the striking behaviours: the dynamic loss region and magnetization loss region vary across the conductor width at high magnetic fields or high DC current levels; the (positive) DC current is superposed with the anti-parallel (negative) shielding current at high DC current levels that approaching to the self-critical current, which drives the local current density of one conductor edge to the subcritical stage and leads to one-sided loss generation in each half-cycle. At the liquid nitrogen temperature range, experimental and simulation results exemplify that the AC loss is mostly dominated by magnetization loss when DC current is less than 20% critical current, while dynamic loss makes a comparable, even greater contribution to AC loss when DC current is larger than 50% critical current. The dynamic resistance shows an obvious frequency dependence due to the heating accumulation at high field amplitudes, high DC current levels and high operating temperatures, which provides a useful reference for the application designs of HTS flux pumps and HTS persistent current switches.
Compared with the single REBCO CC, the onset of dynamic resistance/loss in REBCO stacks and REBCO coils is much slower, and the contribution of the dynamic loss component to the AC loss is also much smaller. Dynamic loss in the stack becomes greater than the magnetization loss when the DC current is larger than 70% critical current, while always less than the magnetization loss in the coils when the AC magnetic field is less than 0.1 T. We also conclude that the critical current, magnetization loss and dynamic resistance/loss per unite length in the REBCO racetrack coil is slightly larger than those of the REBCO pancake coil.
The main contribution of this work is to reveal the complex AC loss mechanism in REBOC CCs, stacks and coils carrying DC currents in the AC magnetic field and characterize the loss behaviours via solid experimental measurements and numerical simulations. Meanwhile, the magnetization loss as the dominant loss component is further explored concerning its shielding effect and the asymmetric critical current characteristics. This work exemplifies the underlying nature of AC loss behaviours, providing a valuable reference to understand the loss mechanism and to underpin relevant HTS applications.</p
Recurrent Adult Intraabdominal Undifferentiated High-Grade Pleomorphic Sarcoma Infiltrated the Descending Colon: a Case Report and Review of the Literature
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